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"This PIBR volume examines a number of idiosyncratic elements in the internationalization strategies of BRIC MNEs and, in particular, in their relationship with home country policies."

"This paper presents a critical analysis of the factors shaping the interaction between multinationals and trade unions in indonesia, focusing on recent period of democratization following the downfall of the Suharto regime. It has been suggested that union growth risks undermining Indonesia's competitive advantages (cheap labour) and could encourage the exit of multinationals to cheaper competitors. In order to rest this proposition, two case studies were conducted: one in automotive industry and the other in the banking industry. The paper first provides an overview of multinational activity and FDI in Indonesia, and their interaction with a nascent union movement. This is followed by presenting he findings of interviews conducted at the multinational enterprises with managers and union officials; to provide empirical insights into the bargaining process. The final part of the paper provides a preliminary assessment of the impact of union behaviour on MNC profitability and competitiveness in indonesia. In contrast to traditional views of unions as impeding MNC profitability and "encouraging" exit, the paper finds that unions and MNCs can engage in constructive partnerships, but that pressures and contradictions in the relationship remain."

"BRIC pertama kali dicetuskan oleh Jim O’Neil untuk memproyeksikan empat negara emerging market terbesar yang akan menyaingi peringkat PDB negara-negara maju dalam satu dekade mendatang. Pada tahun 2009, kepala negara keempat negara bertemu untuk mendiskusikan krisis finansial global yang saat itu terjadi. Pada perayaan Natal tahun 2010, Afrika Selatan mendapatkan undangan dari China untuk menghadiri KTT BRIC ketiga di Sanya, China. Masuknya Afrika dalam BRIC meninggalkan pertanyaan di antara analis ekonomi yang menyatakan bahwa Afrika Selatan tidak memiliki PDB dan populasi sebesar negara-negara BRIC.Penelitian ini akan menjawab pertanyaan yang sama dengan geoekonomi sebagai kerangka konsep. Metode kualitatif akan digunakan untuk menjelaskan faktor geoekonomi kasus masuknya Afrika Selatan dalam BRIC dalam dua tingkatan analisis: negara dan sistem ekonomi politik internasional. Pada tingkatan negara, penelitian ini akan membahas rivalritas ekonomi Afrika Selatan dengan negara-negara di kawasan Sub Sahara Afrika dengan kepentingannya atas status pemimpin Afrika; dan China dengan negara rival negara di luar kawasan untuk mendapatkan sumber daya alam di Afrika. Terakhir, untuk mewujudkan sistem multipolar, BRIC menggunakan status Afrika Selatan sebagai negara berkembang untuk memperkuat posisi BRIC sebagai pendukung negara berkembang di forum internasional seperti G20.

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BRIC, coined by Jim O’Neil, was projected to overtake the current developed countries’ GDP rank. In 2009, this term became a real forum where the four head of states of BRIC met to discuss the current global financial crisis. In Chirstmast, 2010, South Africa received China’s invitation to attend the third BRIC Summit in Sanya, China. South Africa admission to the club leaves question from economic analyst saying that South Africa does not have great GDP and huge population like the other four.

This research will answer the same question with geoeconomic as its conceptual framework. Qualitative method will be employed to explain the geoeconomics of South Africa admission to BRIC in two levels: state and international political economy system. Firstly, the research will analyse South Africa’s economic rivalry within Sub Saharan Africa regional to claim its leadership in the region as its interest to enter the BRIC club. Secondly, geoeconomy will be applied to analyse China’s energy, mineral, and precious stones rivalry in Africa. China’s attempt to win Africa’s resources is in line with South Africa’s interest to enter BRIC. Lastly, to create multipolar system, BRIC can utilize South Africa’s status as representative of Africa that can strengthen BRIC’s position as developing countries’ defender in international forum like G20."

"The term BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which expresses 4 high - growing and large-economic-size emerging countries is introduced in a paper by wilson and Purushothaman (both represent Goldman Sachs)...."