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"The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, severity, mechanism, andintrinsic risk factors for knee injuries in Japanese collegiate rugby union players. Initially,119 rugby union players from one university club were registered in this prospective cohortstudy. The occurrence of knee injuries was recorded by a team doctor and athletic trainers dur-ing the 2009-2012 playing seasons. The number of knee injuries recorded during these four seasons was 64. The incidence of knee injuries was significantly higher during matches 10.5 injuries/1000 player hours [ph]) than that during training 0.3 injuries/1000 ph). The most common match injury was the medial collateral ligament injury (4.4 injuries/1000 ph). The greatest severity and burden were observed for anterior cruciate ligament injuries (severity: 182.5 days, burden: 310.3 days/1000 ph). A majority of knee injuries were sustained during ruck/maul (26.6%) and step/cutting (20.3%). In addition, a history of injury (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.3-8.4, p = 0.01) and rugby experience (<10 years, OR: 2.4, 95% Cl: 1.1-5.7, p = 0.03) were considered as intrinsic risk factors for knee injuries. Although the total incidence of knee injuries in collegiate rugby union players was similar to that at a professional level, knee ligament injuries had a higher incidence and severity among college players. Injuries frequently occurred in ruck/maul for forward (FW) players and in step/cutting and being tackled position for back (BK) players. In this game, the risk of knee injury is high, and it varies for each field position, so preventive measures according to field position characteristics are necessary."

"Presents concise definitions, pronunciations, abbreviations, some illustrations, usage examples, and synonyms with ten thousand new words and meanings."

"Buku yang berjudul "Sports injuries" ini ditulis oleh Patrick Milroy. Buku ini membahas tentang pencegahan luka, klasifikasi luka, dan luka yang diakibatkan oleh olahraga."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai Peran Japanese Consumer Cooperative Union(JCCU) dalam melindungi konsumen dan bahaya keamanan pangan di JepangConsumer group dan Japanese consumer Cooperative merupakan pelopor dangerakan keamanan pangan dan produk orgarnk di Jepang Hal mi disebabkanmaraknya penggunaan bahan bahan kimia pertarnan dan tambahan bahanmakanan seperti pemanis pengawet dan sebagainya Pengggunaan bahan bahankimia pertanian dan tambahan pangan sebagai akibat dan pertumbuhan ekonomiJepang pasca Perang Dunia II Jenis penehtian im adalah penehtian kuahtatifdengan menggunakan metode anahsis desknptif Data yang digunakan mehputidata primer melalui wawancara (e-mail) dengan pihak JCCU dan sekunder yangdiperoleh dan buku jurnal artikel newsletter dan website yang berkaitan denganpenehtian mi Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran JCCU dalam keamanan pangandi Jepang yaitu menyediakan produk pangan yang aman dikonsumsi melaluisistem sanchoku dan pemenksaan laboratonum keamanan pangan membenkaninformasi seputar keamanan pangan, berkontribusi pada peraturan pernenntahJepang terkait keamanan pangan serta ikut berperan dalam menangarn kasuskasus keamanan pangan di Jepang.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discussed about the role of Japanese Consumer Cooperative Union(JCCU) that protect consumers from food safety hazards in Japan Consumergroup and Japanese consumer cooperative were the pioneer in organic product andfood safety movement in Japan The movement of food safety emergenced due tothe rise of using agricultural chemicals and food additive like sweetenerspreservatives etc The miss used of agricultural chemicals and food additive wasthe impact of growth of Japanese economy after War World II most foodsmamfacturer used mass production method without consider of food safety Theresearch of this thesis is appliying on qualitative and used descriptive analysismethod The analysis data of this research consist of primary data throughinterviews with JCCU (e mail) On the other hand this research also used booksjournals articles newsletters and websites for the analysis From the end resultsof this thesis showed the role of JCCU not only safe guard the food in Japan andalso provide safe food products consumed through sanchoku system and foodsafety laboratory tests providing information regarding food safety JCCU wasalso able to contribut to the Japanese government to establish the regulations andhandling food safety cases in Japan."