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"This book demonstrates how cheetahs are adapted to arid savannahs like the southern Kalahari, and makes comparisons with other areas, especially the Serengeti. Topics dealt with are: demography and genetic status; feeding ecology, i.e. methods used for studying diet, diets of different demographic groups, individual diet specializations of females, prey selection, the impact of cheetah predation on prey populations, activity regimes and distances travelled per day, hunting behaviour, foraging success and energetics; interspecific competition; spatial ecology; reproductive success and the mating system; and conservation. The major findings show that cheetahs are well adapted to arid ecosystems and are water independent. Cheetah density in the study area was stable at 0.9/100 km2 and the population was genetically diverse. Important prey were steenbok and springbok for females with cubs, gemsbok, and adult ostrich for coalition males, and steenbok, springhares, and hares for single animals. Cheetahs had a density-dependent regulatory effect on steenbok and springbok populations. Females with large cubs had the highest overall food intake. Cheetahs, especially males, were often active at night, and competition with other large carnivores, both by exploitation and interference, was slight. Although predation on small cubs was severe, cub survival to adolescence was six times higher than in the Serengeti. There was no difference in reproductive success between single and coalition males. The conservation priority for cheetahs should be to maintain protected areas over a spectrum of landscapes to allow ecological processes, of which the cheetah is an integral part, to proceed unhindered."

"This book presents a comprehensive description of the hydrogeology and hydrologic processes at work in arid lands. It describes the techniques that can be used to assess and manage the water resources of these areas with an emphasis on groundwater resources, including recent advances in hydrologic evaluation and the differences between how aquifer systems behave in arid lands versus more humid areas. Also, changing climatic conditions will force water management systems to be more robust so that future water supply demands can be met as droughts become more intense and rainfall events become more intense. "

"The objectives of this paper are: First, to discuss critically, the theoritical dimension of food security and social stress in the African arid and semi-arid environments. Because of the low level of food production and its fluctuation with severe climatic conditions, agricultural and pastoralist economic sectors are at a risk. Second, the displacement of small-scale or peasant farmers and pastoralist by public agricultural and nonagricultural schemes in regard to social stress and food production is outlined. This examination moved away from the point of view that holds the peasant farmers and pastoralist responsible for famine and consequently food insecurity. The impact of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on food production and security and social constraints is elucidated. The paper generally recommends that only a benign and effective political context is capable of pre-emptying the emergence of social stress and hence may prevent it from drastically damaging food security. Such a context should not only be struggled for by the peasant farmers and pastoralists, but also by all those individuals and institutions interested to contributing to food self-sufficiency and security in the arid and semi-arid environments of African."

"On valleyside slope in the study area, there is an almost continous, extremely well-defined surface layer of colluvium, resting with marked uncorformity on subjacent materials. This latter materials may be relatively fresh bedrock, weathered rock or cemented gravels (older colluvial deposits). The younger colluvial layer transgresses all of these with little apparent change in general appearance, extending into relatively thick, recent valley fills. The term “recent” is used here to refer to the surface layer of valley fill which is predominantly fined grained (sand particle size and smaller, with varyinh amounts of gravel) unconsolidated essentially non-stratified deposit which in these respects and in being physically contioguous with the valleyside colluvial layer – is the stratigraphic contemporary of the colluvial layer."

"Ditinjau dari masalah dan hambatan yang ada, konsep wanatani dalam pengelolaan pertanian di Kecamatan Amarasi, Kabupaten Kupang NTT belum berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengajukan konsep dan model wanatani untuk pengelolaan pertanian berkelanjutan pada ekosistem semi arid. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ditinjau dari fungsi ekologi yang meliputi vegetasi, kesuburan tanah, iklim mikro, erosi, dan kesesuaian lahan wanatani belum optimal dan belum berkelanjutan untuk mendukung produktivitas dan konservasi lahan. Fungsi ekonomi yaitu produktivitas wanatani sudah optimal, namun kurangnya dukungan kelembagaan dan fungsi sosial menyebabkan pengelolaan pertanian belum optimal dan belum berkelanjutan. Simulasi model memperlihatkan integrasi fungsi ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi wanatani di ekosistem semi arid dapat meningkatkan konservasi dan produktivitas lahan.

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Observed from the existing problems and obstacles, the agroforestry concept in the agricultural management in Amarasi District, Kupang Regency NTT, is not yet sustainable. The research objectives are to propose the agroforestry concept and model for the sustainable agricultural management in the semi arid ecosystem. The research result shows that observed from the ecological function including vegetation, land fertility, micro climate, erotion, and agroforestry land suitability is not yet optimal and not yet sustainable to support the productivity and conservation of agroforestry land. The agroforestry productivity economic function is already optimal, but the lack of institutional support and social function causes the agricultural management to be not yet optimal and not yet sustainable. The model simulation shows the integration of the ecological, social, and economic functions of agroforestry in the semi arid ecosystem can increase the land conservation and productivity."