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"American Routes provides a comparative and historical analysis of the migration and integration of white and free black refugees from nineteenth-century St. Domingue/Haiti to Louisiana and follows their descendants over the course of two hundred years. The refugees reinforced Louisianas triracial system and pushed back Anglo-American racialization by several decades. But over the course of the nineteenth century, the ascendance of the Anglo-American racial system began to eclipse Louisianas triracial Latin/Caribbean system. The result was a racial palimpsest that transformed everyday life in southern Louisiana. White refugees and their descendants in Creole Louisiana succumbed to pressure to adopt a strict definition of whiteness as purity according to standards of the Anglo-American racial system. Those of color, however, held on to the logic of the triracial system, which allowed them to inhabit an intermediary racial group that provided a buffer against the worst effects of Jim Crow segregation. The St. Domingue/Haiti migration case foreshadows the experiences of present-day immigrants of color from Latin America and the Caribbean, many of whom chafe against the strictures of the binary US racial system and resist by refusing to be categorized as either black or white. The St. Domingue/Haiti case study is the first of its kind to compare the long-term integration experiences of white and black nineteenth-century immigrants to the United States. It fills a significant gap in studies of race and migration that have relied on the historical experience of European immigrants as the standard to which all other immigrants are compared."

"Penelitian ini berisi tentang transformasi pesawat tempur Uni Soviet dan Rusia, yang disimpulkan sebagai bentuk Arms Race terhadap barat. Proses yang terjadi pada saat transformasi berlangsung akan dijelaskan pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola transformasi pesawat tempur Uni Soviet dan Rusia sebagai bentuk Arms Race terhadapa Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kepustakaan, dilakukan dengan membaca sumber-sumber pustaka yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penulisan makalah ini. Penulis menganalisis permasalahan dengan menggunakan konsep Arms Race untuk membahas transformasi pesawat tempur Soviet dan Rusia dari generasi pertama hingga kelima. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah ditemukan dua pemicu utama Arms Race, yaitu model aksi-reaksi dan model struktur domestik.

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This research told about the transformation of Uni Soviet and Russia jet fighters, that cocluded as a form of Arms Race towards the West. The process that occurs when transformation underway will explained in this research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of transformation of Uni Soviet and Russia jet fighters as a form of arms race towards the West.The method used is the methods of literature studies, by reading literature sources that have a relationship with the writing of this paper. Author use concept of Arms Race to analyze the problems of transformation of Uni Soviet and Russia jet fighters from the first generation until fifth. The results of this study are found two main trigger of Arms Race, the action-reaction models and domestic structures models."

"Genius has no race. Strength has no gender. Coruage has no limit. The phenomenal true story of the black female mathematicians at NASA whose calculations helped fuel some of America's greatest achievements in space. Before John Glenn orbited the earth or Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, some of the brightest minds of their generation, known as 'human computers', used pencils and adding machines to calculate the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space. Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the civil rights movement, and the space race, Hidden Figures follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA's greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances, and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country's future. It is a powerful and revelatory tale of race, discrimination and achievement in the modern world.Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the civil rights movement, and the space race, [this book] follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA's greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances, and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country's future."