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"ABSTRAKChromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive bacterium producing a dark violet antioxidant pigment called violacein. It is an opportunistic pathogen and has an ubiquitous distribution, mainly resides in water and soil of tropical and subtropical regions.An-18-year-old man referred to the emergency room with a 5-day history of progressively worsening swelling of the right cheek. He sought consult and hospitalized at another institution for three days prior this admission; however, his condition deteriorated. He had a history of having abscesses several time. Four month before this visit, he was also admitted in our hospital due to an abscess in the right thigh. Pus and blood culture were positive for Staphylococcus haemolyticus, with a total serum IgE of 2493.0 IU/ml. He recovered completely after being treated with vancomycin in this event. He had neither diabetes mellitus nor human immunodeficiency virus infection history. In this presentation, he was in a critically ill state with septic shock. Physical examination revealed diffuse, indurated, partly fluctuant, and some deep purple area of right hemifacial swelling. It was extended anteriorly from angle of mouth to retroauricular, superiorly from superior palpebra to lower border of mandible. Laboratory studies were notable for a white-cell count of 12,970/mm3 (total lymphocyte count 778.2), platelet count 96,000/mm3. The patient got norepinephrine drip and broad-spectrum antibiotic intravenously. He also underwent superficial drainage of the abscess. Unfortunately, the patient eventually succumbed. Sample from right submandibular abscess showed no growth, but blood sample was confirmed to grow C. violaceum. It showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline.Since it was firstly described in 1927, only a few cases of human infection with C. violaceum have been reported. As shown in our case, the classical clinical manifestation was localized soft tissue infection which rapidly progressed to fulminant sepsis with a high mortality rate. A defect in host defense system might be the predisposing factor for this kind of infection in our case. As this is such a rare infection, there is no guideline on the choice of antibiotics or duration of treatment at present. Successful treatment is most likely due to early recognition, prompt surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case from Indonesia that could be identified in the literature."

"ABSTRACTParaneoplastic syndromes are a group of disorders associated with benign or malignant tumors but not related to mass effect or invasion directly. Paraneoplastic syndromes may affect any organic system of the human body, such as endocrine, neurologic, dermatologic, hematologic, rheumatologic. Paraneoplastic rheumatic syndromes are not quite common, about 7-10% of paraneoplastic syndromes, and may mimic rheumatic diseases. We present an interesting case of paraneoplastic arthritis in a woman with non-Hodgkins lymphoma."

"ABSTRACTBackground: non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with some metabolic disorders. Recent studies suggested the role of uric acid in NAFLD through oxidative stress and inflammatory process. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and NAFLD. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. The quality of all studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). All data were analyzed using REVIEW MANAGER 5.3. Results: eleven studies from America and Asia involving 100,275 subjects were included. The pooled adjusted OR for NAFLD was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.66-2.23; p<0.00001). Subgroup analyses were done based on study design, gender, non-diabetic subjects, non-obese subjects. All subgroup analyses showed statistically significant adjusted OR and most of which having low to moderate heterogeneity. Two studies revealed relationship between increased serum uric acid levels and severity of NAFLD. No publication bias was observed. Conclusion: our study demonstrated association between serum uric acid level and NAFLD. This finding brings a new insight of uric acid in clinical practice. Increased in serum uric acid levels might serve as a trigger for physician to screen for NAFLD."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai konsep keadaan memaksa (force majeure) dalam Hukum Perjanjian dan akibatnya bagi para pihak. Dalam penerapannya diperlukan batasan-batasan tertentu agar ketentuan force majeure tersebut dapat dijadikan dasar pembelaan yang dapat membebaskan debitur dari kewajiban pembayaran ganti rugi. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dan prespektif analitis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa PT Telkomsel sebagai pihak penyewa dalam suatu perjanjian sewa menyewa dengan H. Darmawan Kasim sebagai pihak yang menyewakan, tidak dapat dituntut untuk membayar ganti kerugian yang diderita oleh H. Darmawan Kasim karena kedua belah pihak sudah menetapkan klausul force majeure di dalam perjanjian sewa menyewa yang dibuat diantara keduanya. Sehingga ketentuan dalam perjanjian itulah yang berlaku bagi keduanya.

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This thesis discusses about the concept of force majeure in the Contract Law according to Indonesian Civil Code and its consequences for the parties. In its implementation is required certain limitations in order to the provisions of force majeure can be used as the legal basis of an excuse so that the debtor is not liable for damages suffered by the creditor. This provision is statute in Indonesian Civil Code or either in the contract agreed by the parties. The research conducted by legal research in a normative juridical approach methodology with descriptive and analytical perspective.

The research concluded that PT Telkomsel as the lessee (debtor) in a lease agreement with H. Darmawan Kasim as the lessor (creditor), may not be prosecuted to pay any loss suffered by H. Darmawan Kasim due to such loss not caused by the debtor and both parties have set a force majere clause in the lease agreement made by them. In that clause, both parties have agreed about legal consequences in the event of fail to perform due to force majeure, which the parties cannot be deemed for doing a negligence or event of default and its loss become risk for each parties and the parties waive their rights to prosecute, so that provisions statute in the agreement are applicable to the parties."

"Penelitian mengenai novel Al Ajnihah al Mutakassirah dan novel Dian Yang Tak Kunjung Padam ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tema kawin adat pada kedua novel dan mengungkapkan persamaan dan perbedaan yang terdapat pada kedua novel, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan masalah kawin adat di Libanon dan Palembang yang menjadi latar pada kedua novel.Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan tema pada kedua novel yaitu kawin paksa karena adat. Pada novel A1-Ajnihah al-Mutakassirah, kawin paksa terjadi karena kaum gereja (pendeta) yang mengharuskan seorang perempuan menikah dengan laki-laki yang sama kedudukannya dalam harta, dimana pendeta mengambil keuntungan dari perkawinan tersebut. Sedangkan pada novel Dian Yang Tak Kunjung Padam, kawin paksa terjadi karena adat mengharuskan seorang perempuan menikah dengan laki-laki yang sederajat keturunannya dan hartanya. Tema pada kedua novel menunjukkan situasi dan keadaan sosial masyarakat masing-masing novel. Perbandingan pada kedua novel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan pada unsur-unsur tema, tokoh, dan gaya Bahasa. Sedangkan perbedaan terdapat pada unsur_-unsur alur, latar, pencerita dan fokus pengisahan. Adanya persamaan dan perbedaan hanya bersifat kebetulan dan menunjukkan gaya masing-masing pengarang dalammenyampaikan ide 1 gagasan cerita."