Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRACTSifat ketahanan terhadap wereng batang cokelat (WBC) pada varietaspadi dikendalikan oleh gen dominan dan gen resesif yang disebut Bph/bph. Bph17 merupakan salah satu gen dominan yang mengendalikansifat ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap WBC. Marka alel Bph17dapat menjadi alat bantu seleksi (marker assisted selection, MAS) padakegiatan pemuliaan. Hubungan antara kehadiran alel Bph17 dan sifatketahanan terhadap WBC pada varietas padi lokal Indonesia danbeberapa varietas unggul baru (VUB) belum diketahui secara jelas.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara kehadiranalel Bph17 dan karakter ketahanan terhadap WBC pada padi varietaslokal dan VUB. Sebanyak 21 genotipe digunakan dalam penelitian ini,terdiri atas 13 varietas lokal, 5 VUB, 3 varietas populer, dan Rathu Heenati (cek postif). Dua penanda spesifik alel Bph17 digunakan,yaitu RM8213 dan RM5953. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwaasosiasi antara keberadaan alel Bph17 dan sifat ketahanan terhadapWBC pada padi lokal dan VUB sangat rendah (r = -0,019 dan -0,023).Kehadiran alel Bph17 tidak mengekspresikan ketahanan terhadapWBC pada varietas lokal dan VUB. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa alel tidak dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu seleksi untukmengevaluasi ketahanan padi varietas lokal dan VUB terhadapWBC. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan penandagen spesifik yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu seleksi untukvarietas diferensial padi Indonesia."

"Farmers are rational in decision making process with respect to any introduced agricultural technology. Farmers may consider the economic sacrifices in term of additional cost and potential benefit or additional income before they accept and adopt the introduced technology. This study aimed to analyze farmer’s criteria and determine explanatory variables affecting farmer’s decision to accept or to adopt submergence tolerant (Sub-1) rice varieties at flash flood and flood prone affected rice area. The study was conducted in Indramayu District, West Java, and Kayu Agung District, South Sumatra. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) that derived Willingness to Accept (WTA) approach was exercised to analyze explanatory variables that influence farmers’ willingness to accept introduced rice varieties. The results showed that the economic cost of flooding that damaged rice was about US$7.63 million in Kayu Agung and US$11.25 million in Indramayu in every wet season planting. Farmer’s criteria used in submergence tolerant varietal evaluation varied and location specific in nature. Most of explanatory variables used in the model were significantly influenced farmers’ WTA for submergence tolerant rice varieties such as: (1) availability of seed, (2) submergence tolerant for more than 14 days, (3) high yield, (4) proffer rice taste, (5) households’ income during normal year, (6) area planted during normal year, and (7) age of farm household head. The only indicator that did not significantly influence the farmers’ WTA for the Sub-1 rice varieties was farm household income during the flood year cropping."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kebutuhan akan asuransi pertanian di Indonesia, khususnya asuransi pertanian untuk usahatani padi, yang belum memiliki payung hukum khusus dalam mengatur ganti kerugian apabila terjadi gagal panen. Selanjutnya, yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah risiko gagal panen pada usahatani padi dapat diasuransikan dan apakah Pemerintah sebaiknya mewajibkan asuransi produk pertanian pada petani padi untuk mengahadapi risiko gagal panen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, sedangkan analisis datanya adalah metode kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa asuransi pertanian merupakan strategi dalam menjamin risiko kerugian dalam usahatani padi, asuransi pertanian untuk usahatani padi ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku usahatani padi untuk mengalihkan risiko-risiko pertanian terutama risiko yang berpotensi gagal panen. Kemudian asuransi pertanian untuk usahatani padi diperlukannya suatu proyek rintisan (pilot project) yang merupakan 'tempat belajar' bagi para pembuat kebijakan. Dari proyek ini diharapkan akan diperoleh pengalaman dan pengetahuan serta informasi yang berguna tentang seluk beluk sistem asuransi pertanian. Terkait dengan hal ini maka Pemerintah harus mewajibkan asuransi wajib untuk gagal panen pada usahatani padi. Di samping itu diperlukan adanya penetapan prioritas wilayah yang akan dikembangkan dan prioritas inisiasi pengembangan kelembagaan terutama bagi wilayah-wilayah yang dinilai mendesak dibangunnya sistem asuransi pertanian.

---

AbstractThis research discusses the need for agricultural insurance in Indonesia, especially agricultural insurance for rice farming, which do not yet have specific legal protection in regulating the compensation in case of crop failure. Furthermore, the problems in this study is whether the risk of crop failure in rice farming can be insured and whether the government should require insurance of agricultural products in the rice farmers to confront the risk of crop failure. This research using a normative juridical research method, while data analysis is a qualitative method. From the results of this study can be concluded that agricultural insurance is a strategy in anticipation of the risk of loss in rice farming, rice farming for agricultural insurance can be exploited by the perpetrators of rice farming to transfer risks, especially agricultural potential risk of crop failure. Then the agricultural insurance for rice farming need for a pilot project (pilot project) which is a "learning place" for policymakers. Of the project is expected to be acquired experience and knowledge as well as useful information about the ins and outs of the agricultural insurance system. Related to this is the nature of insurance participation to farm rice farming is more in line with the current state of Indonesian society is compulsory insurance. In addition it is necessary to the determination of priority areas to be developed and priorities for the initiation of institutional development, especially for areas that are considered urgent construction of the agricultural insurance system."

"Indonesia’s swamplands are among areas earmarked for future agricultural development. As a type of wetlands, swamplands are inundated and have soil properties that are uniquely different from other agro ecosystems. In Indonesia, some of the se areas are currently used for rice cultivation of the country’s very diversegenetic resources of local rice varieties. Most of the farmers continue top lant and cultivate the local rice swamp land varieties because of the abilities to adapt to extreme environments. This study on the agronomic traits of the local swampl and rice varieties was carried out to evaluate their agronomic character sand identify varieties having superior quality traits. There search was carried out fromApril to October 2016 using a single plot methodat the Rantau Kapas Mudo Village, Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province. Eleven (11)rice varieties were planted in 10 x 5 m single plots, with a spacing of25x 25 cm and 1 m distance between plots. These11 genetic resources of the local swamplandrice varieties, include the Serendah Halus, Rimbun Daun, Karya, Serendah Bawang, Sereh Aek, Botol, Pontianak, Semut, Dawi, Ketan Itam and DI. The observed characters consisted ofthe plant height at harvest, number of productive tillers, age of harvest, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, seed shape and the production volume.There were differences among the local swampland rice varieties with the highest production volume of 3.32 tonnes/ha obtained from the Rimbun Daun variety,followed by2. 86 tonnes/ha from the Dawi variety. These two varieties had shown potential to become the leading regional swampland rice varieties."

"Lahan pertanian menjadi salah satu sumberdaya alam potensial terutama lahan pertanian kering yang lebih mendominasi wilayah Indonesia, termasuk di kabupaten Pacitan. Namun, pemanfaatan lahan pertanian kering belum optimal dan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir justru menunjukkan penurunan produksi. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produksi pertanian adalah keberadaan tumbuhan pengganggu. Tumbuhan pengganggu memberikan dominasi dan kompetisi pemenuhan unsur hara, air, cahaya, dan ruang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang pola pengendalian tumbuhan pengganggu di lahan kering yang tepat untuk mewujudkan pangan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed method dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Pengendalian tumbuhan pengganggu di Kecamatan Ngadirojo dan Kecamatan Sudimoro cukup beragam meliputi pengendalian kimia, mekanik, dan gabungan. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan pengganggu pertanian padi gogo termasuk kategori sedang dengan H = 2,99 (33 jenis dari 14 suku) dan keanekaragaman tumbuhan pengganggu tanaman kedelai termasuk kategori tinggi dengan H = 3,14 (37 jenis dari 15 suku). Tumbuhan pengganggu yang paling mendominasi adalah Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Ex DC. Pola pertanian yang diterapkan petani di kawasan ini adalah padi gogo-palawija-palawija dan padi gogo-palawija-bera. Keberadaan tumbuhan pengganggu menurunkan produksi pertanian melalui mekanisme dominasi dan kompetisi dengan tanaman budidaya. Rancangan pengendalian yang tepat adalah berbasis siklus hidup.

---

Agricultural land is the potential of natural resources, especially dryland, including in Pacitan. However, dryland management is not optimal, and in recent years it showed a decline production. The growth of weeds among agricultural crops is a pest that can decrease agricultural production. Weed provide fulfillment of domination and competition for nutrients, water, sunlight, and space to grow. This research aims to design patterns for weed management in dryland to achieve sustainable food. The method used is a mixed method by observation, in-depth interview, and case study. Weed management in Ngadirojo and Sudimoro district include chemical control, mechanical, and mixed control. The diversity of weed in rice crop is H = 2,99 (33 species from 14 family) and in soybean crop is H = 3,14 (37 species from 15 family). Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Ex DC. is the most dominating this area. Agricultural patterns are applied farmers in this area are upland rice-crops-crops and upland rice-crops-fallow. The existence of weed to decline the agricultural production through a domination and competition with crops. The design of appropriate controls is life cycle approach."

"Rice husk is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes in Indonesia, with an annual potency of 13,662 MWe. Using biomass gasification, it can be converted into producer gas, whose energy can be used for thermal and electrical power generation. In gasification terms, gas quality can be interpreted by tar content and gas energy. An experiment using an open top fixed bed downdraft gasifier (batch system) with double stage air supply was conducted by varying the secondary air injection position (Z) and the air ratio (AR). Tar content can be represented by flaming pyrolysis duration and gas quality by the combustion energy of the gas. Flaming pyrolysis is a phenomenon which occurs inside the reactor, where tar produced is re-cracked and dissolved into smaller compounds. This can be achieved if the pyrolysis zone temperature ranges between 500 and 800oC. With an AR of 80%, at Z = 38 cm, flaming pyrolysis with the longest duration of 400 seconds was created, which indicated that this condition had the lowest tar content; meanwhile, at Z = 50 cm, gas with the highest energy (734.64 kJ) was obtained."

"

Ketahanan pangan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu ketersediaan pangan, aspek pangan, pemanfaatan pangan dan kerentanan pangan. Aspek yang dapat mempengaruhi  kerentanan pangan adalah penurunan produktivitas pangan, salah satunya adalah tanaman padi yang merupakan pangan pokok di Indonesia. Penyebab penurunan produktivitas padi adalah kondisi kerentanan lingkungan suatu wilayah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun model spasial produktivitas padi berdasarkan kerentanan lingkungan pada tiap fase tanam dengan menggunakan pendekatan teknologi inderaja dan SIG. Model spasial ini disusun berdasarkan hasil aplikasi dua model yaitu model spasial fase tanam dan model produktivitas padi. Pemodelan spasial untuk melihat sebaran fase tanam padi menggunakan metode klasifikasi random forest mempunyai akurasi keseluruhan sebesar 0,92 yang membagi fase tanam padi menjadi fase awal tanam, fase vegetatif, fase generatif dan fase bera. Variabel yang digunakan untuk membangun model spasial fase tanam padi adalah kombinasi indeks vegetasi yaitu NDVI, EVI, SAVI, NDWI, dan variabel waktu. Pemodelan spasial untuk estimasi produktivitas padi juga menggunakan model regresi dengan variabel rawan bencana yaitu bencana banjir, kekeringan, longsor dan variabel curah hujan. Algoritma dibangun berdasarkan kondisi fase tanam padi. Estimasi produktivitas padi berdasarkan pengaruh kerentanan lingkungan ini memiliki akurasi paling baik dilakukan pada fase vegetatif yaitu sebesar 0,63  dan fase generatif sebesar 0,61, sedangkan pada fase awal tanam tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi produktivitas padi karena memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan  akurasi sebesar 0,35.

---

Food security is influenced by several factors, such as food availability, food aspect, food utilization and food vulnerability. An aspect that can affect food vulnerability is food productivity decline, such as rice. Since rise is the staple food in Indonesia, its productivity decline most likely will affect Indonesia`s food vulnerability. The cause of the rice productivity decrement is the condition of environmental vulnerability of a region. The purpose of this study is to build a spatial model of rice productivity based on environmental vulnerability in each planting phase using remote sensing and GIS technology. Spatial model is built based on the result of implementation of two models which are planting phase model and rice productivity model. Spatial modelling that is built to understand the distribution of rice planting phases applied random forest classification method with an overall accuracy of 0,92. The classification result divides the rice planting phase into the initial phase of planting, vegetative, generative and fallow phase. The variables used to build spatial model of the rice planting phase are a combination of vegetation indexes namely NDVI, EVI, SAVI, NDWI, and time variables. Spatial modeling for estimating rice productivity also uses regression model with disaster-prone variables, namely floods, droughts, landslides and rainfall variables. The algorithm is built based on the condition of the rice planting phase. Estimation of rice productivity based on the influence of environmental vulnerability has the best accuracy in the vegetative phase equal to 0,63 and generative phase 0,61, whereas in the initial phase of planting it cannot be used to estimate rice productivity due to its weak relationship with accuracy 0,35.

"

"Permasalahan umum yang dihadapi petani adalah hasil produksi pertanian yang fluktuatif. Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi pertanian masih mengandalkan cuaca, sedangkan saat ini kondisi cuaca tidak dapat ditentukan. Adanya musim kemarau yang panjang membuat masyarakat Desa Cilebak sering mengalami gagal panen. Para petani yang menggantungkan hidupnya pada hasil panen padi sawah tadah hujan tidak jarang mengalami kerugian, dikarenakan banyak petani yang berspekulasi atau untung- untungan menanam padi pada musim kemarau, sedangkan saat ini di Desa Cilebak tidak ada irigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aset yang dimliki petani padi sawah tadah hujan dan mendeskripsikan strategi bertahan hidup petani padi sawah tadah hujan saat musim kemarau, di Desa Cilebak Kecamatan Cilebak Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Melalui pemilihan informan secara purposive sampling, wawancara dilakukan dengan 13 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa petani sawah tadah hujan memiliki aset-aset yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari yaitu memiliki aset manusia (human capital) sebagai sumber daya manusia dan livelihood capabilities dalam atribut dasar mata pencaharian sebagai petani dengan melakukan keterampilan bertani, memiliki aset sosial (social capital) dengan melakukan aktivitas interaktif (claim and acces) di masyarakat. Diantaranya adalah hubungan erat dengan tetangga, gotong royong, mengikuti kegiatan kelompok tani, dan menjalin hubungan baik dengan keluarga, memiliki aset ekonomi (economic capital) sebagai bentuk stores and resources seperti tabungan, emas, pemanfaatan sawah dan pemanfaatan ternak. Petani sawah tadah hujan dalam menghadapi musim kemarau juga telah melakukan beberapa strategi bertahan hidup yaitu melakukan strategi dalam aktivitas produksi dengan cara bercocok tanam dan beternak, strategi dalam aktivitas pertukaran jasa dengan cara menjadi buruh bangunan, menarik ojeg, berdagang dan berhutang. Dan strategi dalam aktivitas konsumsi dengan cara menghemat pengeluaran sebagai strategi meminimalisir kebutuhan untuk bertahan hidup. Selain itu petani juga menghemat konsumsi padi, dan menyimpan padi di lumbung. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai ketahanan mata pencaharian rumah tangga secara berkelanjutan untuk menyediakan stok/penyimpanan hasil tani untuk digunakan saat menghadapi kemarau.

---

A common problem faced by farmers is the fluctuation of agricultural production. This is because agricultural conditions still rely on the weather, while at this time the weather conditions cannot be determined. The existence of a long dry season makes the people of Cilebak Village often experience crop failure. Farmers who depend on their livelihoods on rainfed lowland rice harvests often experience losses, because many farmers speculate or have chance to plant rice during the dry season, whereas currently in Cilebak Village there is no irrigation. The purpose of this study was to describe the assets owned by rainfed lowland rice farmers and to describe the survival strategies of rainfed lowland rice farmers during the dry season, in Cilebak Village, Cilebak District, Kuningan Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive research type. Through the selection of informants by purposive sampling, interviews were conducted with 13 informants. The results showed that rainfed rice farmers have assets that can be used to meet their daily needs, namely having human capital as a human resource and livelihood capabilities in the basic attributes of livelihood as a farmer by doing farming skills. social assets (social capital) by carrying out interactive activities (claim and access) in the community. Among them are close relations with neighbors, mutual cooperation, participating in farmer group activities, and establishing good relationships with families, having economic capital as a form of stores and resources such as savings, gold, utilization of rice fields and use of livestock. Rainfed rice farmers in facing the dry season have also implemented several survival strategies, namely implementing strategies in production activities by farming and raising livestock, strategies in service exchange activities by becoming construction workers, ojeg driver, trading, and they are in debt. And strategies in consumption activities by saving expenses as a strategy to minimize the need for survival. In addition, farmers also save on rice consumption, and store rice in barns. This is done as a sustainable livelihood security for the household to provide stock / storage of agricultural products for use in the face of drought."