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"The sometimes precarious position of the Chinese in Indonesia has a long history. The (most probably) nineteenth-century author, Apdul Mutalip, advocated a more balanced view by pointing out some fundamental contributions the Chinese had made to the welfare of the Javanese; he also demonstrates that their presence in Java has a basis in law. ALthough seems like a poem in Javanese metre, his Sajarah Cina, written in Javanese, is remarkable not only for its subject matter but also for the way the material is presented, in a rhetoric unknown to exist in Javanese literature most scholars."

"The sometimes precarios position of the Chinese in Indonesia has a long history. The (most probably) nineteenth-century author, Apdul Mutalip, advocated a more balanced view by pointing out some fundamental contributions the Chinese had made to the welfare of the Javanese; he also demonstrates that their presence in Java has a basis in law. Although seems like a poem in Jabanese metre, his Sajarah Cina, written in Javanese, is remarkble not only for its subject matter but also for the way the material is presented, in a rhetoric unknown to exist in Javanese literature by most scholars."

"The Serat Tiyang Gegriya or “Book for people on running their homes and households” is a Javanese versification of the famous seventeenth-century Chinese treatise Zhuzi Zhijia geyan (‘Master Zhu’s Household Rules‘), better known in the Anglophone world as “Maxims for managing the home” or “Family regulations”. Propagating the basic principles of Confucian ethics, this small treatise instructed generations of Chinese readers, presumedly adult males, lessons in proper behaviour. Today, Master Zhu’s little compendium is among the most reprinted works of classical Chinese popular literature. The Serat Tiyang Gegriya exists in the form of a manuscript, written in Surabaya in 1878, and was subsequently published ten years later in the same city. The appearance of this popular Confucian tract in Javanese seems to have been born of a perceived sense of crisis and alarm at the decline of “Chineseness” among the Chinese minority in a foreign land, the upshot of the seemingly inexorable process of acculturation taking place in the Sino-Javanese community at the end of the nineteenth century. Paradoxically, however, the Serat Tiyang Gegriya itself is a fine product of acculturation, transmitting Chinese moral teachings in the form of the Javanese piwulang genre, or lessons on how to live a good life, composed in the mother tongue of the mothers of the intended readers as this group was unable t"

"Prasasti adalah sumber tertulis yang berisikan penetapan sima, keputusan hukum (jayapattra), kutukan (sapatha), utang piutang, dan tindakan pidana dikenai denda (sukhaduhka). Kajian sukhaduhka khususnya Jawa Kuno sudah pernah dibahas tetapi belum dibahas secara mendalam terkait dengan hukum pidana. Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi tindak pidana pada prasasti masa Jawa Kuno abad IX-XV Masehi dan menjelaskan relevansi bentuk penyelesaian hukum masa Jawa Kuno dengan bentuk penyelesaian hukum masa kini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari tiga tahapan metode arkeologi yaitu pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan penafsiran data. Dari hasil tersebut ditemukan bahwa sukhaduhka merupakan tindakan yang dikenai denda yang dikeluarkan oleh raja pada prasasti untuk menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban pada lingkungan masyarakat Jawa Kuno. Sukhaduhka dapat digolongkan menjadi empat jenis bentuk pelanggaran yaitu berupa tindak kejahatan pidana yang menggunakan kalimat, fisik, perkelahian dan fitnah. Membahas relevansi bentuk hukum melakukannya dengan analisis perbandingan yang hasilnya adalah peraturan hukum masa kini masih memiliki relevansi dengan peraturan hukum yang digunakan pada masa Jawa Kuno.

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The inscription is a written source containing the determination of sima, legal decisions (jayapattra), curses (sapatha), debts and criminal act (sukhaduhka). The research of sukhaduhka, especially Ancient Javanese, has been discussed but has not been discussed in depth related to criminal law. This study will identify criminal act in Ancient Javanese inscriptions in the IX-XV centuries AD and explain the relevance of forms of legal settlement in the Ancient Javanese period with forms of present legal settlements. The research method used consists of three stages of archaeological methods, namely data collection, data processing, and data interpretation. The results it was found that sukhaduhka is an act that is subject to a fine issued by the king on the inscription to create security and order in the ancient Javanese community. Sukhaduhka can be classified into four types of violations, namely in the form of criminal acts that use sentences, physical, fights, and slander. Discussing the relevance of legal forms, we do this by means of a comparative analysis, the result of which is that today's legal regulations still have relevance to the legal regulations used in ancient Javanese.

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