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"ABSTRAKTinjauan dilakukan terhadap latar belakang tumbuhnya industri Bioplastik termasuk masalah mikroplastik. Pemahaman pengertian Bioplastik dan tata cara standard pengujiannya diuraikan dari sudut praktis industri. Proses compounding sebagai satu dari prosesproduksi campuran biopolimer dengan polimer sintetis diuraikan dengan mempergunakan kasus bahwa baku starch cassava. Enviplant sebagai resin bioplastik produk compounding diuraikan sifat mekanis, hasil biodegradasinya maupun aplikasinya. "

"Bahan biopoliester seperti poli(asam glikolat) umum digunakan sebagai bahan biopolimer untuk benang jahit. Masalah utama pada penggunaan bahan tersebut adalah hasil degradasi yang bersifat asam sehingga menimbulkan peradangan pada jaringan tubuh sekitar. Maka dikembangkan benang jahit berbahan dasar biopolimer berbasis pati termoplastik (thermoplastic starch atau TPS), dengan hasil degradasi berupa glukosa yang tidak menimbulkan peradangan atau reaksi dengan jaringan tubuh. Masalah baru muncul dalam pemanfaatan zat pati, yaitu sifat mekanis zat pati yang lemah. Selulosa mikrokristal (microcrystalline cellulose atau MCC) digunakan dalam penelitian sebagai zat penguat (reinforcement) untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis TPS. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan pati dari sagu (Metroxylon sagu) dengan variasi jenis plasticizer gliserol dan sorbitol serta variasi kadar MCC 0%, 2%, 5%, dan 10%. Karakteristik degradasi juga diuji dalam penelitian dengan merendam sampel dalam larutan PBS (pH 7.4 dan suhu 37℃) selama 6 pekan. Didapat bahwa untuk sampel dengan plasticizer gliserol, degradasi semakin lambat dengan penambahan MCC. Tren sebaliknya didapat pada sampel dengan plasticizer sorbitol. Sampel dengan plasticizer sorbitol dan kadar MCC 2% merupakan sampel optimum secara sifat mekanis dengan nilai tensile strength sebesar 4.68 MPa dan sisa massa 14.35% setelah 6 pekan degradasi, sehingga layak dijadikan sebagai potensi bahan benang jahit.

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Common bio-based surgical sutures are made from biopolyesters like poly(glycolic acid). The main problem in such materials is the acidic degradation products which can cause inflammation in surrounding body tissues. To tackle this problem, thermoplastic starch (TPS) based surgical sutures are researched, which degrade into glucose and does not cause unwanted reactions with surrounding body tissues. However, TPS on its own has relatively poor mechanical properties. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is used in this research as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of TPS. In this research, sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch is used with two types of plasticizer (glycerol and sorbitol) and MCC contents of 0%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. Degradation characteristics are also tested by immersing the samples in PBS solution (pH 7.4 and 37℃) for 6 weeks. The sample set with glycerol has shown a slower trend in degradation with the addition of MCC, and the opposite trend has been observed within the sample set with sorbitol. The optimum sample is plasticized with sorbitol and has 2% MCC content, with a tensile strength of 4.68 MPa and remaining mass of 14.35% after 6 weeks of degradation, thus being feasible for potential surgical suture material"

"Bioplastics, easily degraded plastics made from renewable biopolymers such as starch and protein, are being studied as possible substitute for synthetic plastics. One of Indonesian natural resources, Jicama (Pachyrizous erosus), also known as yam bean, is believed to have the potential to be made as bioplastics. This study aims to develop starch-based biofilms made from Jicama. The films were fabricated by using the solution casting method, with varying contents of water (67–93 wt%) and sodium hydroxide (0.3–0.7 g). Examinations were carried out by means of visual inspection, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. A continuous bioplastic film was successfully made with 93 wt.% water. The addition of water increased film formability. Sodium hydroxide improved the film formability but, also, induced fragility. The highest tensile strength and stiffness of 11.5 MPa and 0.98 GPa, respectively were achieved from the film prepared with 93 wt% water. These values are comparable to LDPE but with a lower ductility."

"Kelangkaan minyak bumi yang tidak terbarukan terus mendorong kenaikan produk-produk turunannya, salah satunya adalah plastik. Untuk mencari alternatif dari hal tersebut, dikembangkanlah plastik komposit yang terbuat dari Polylactic Acid (PLA) dengan penambahan serat ijuk diharapkan mempunyai sifat mekanis yang cukup tinggi dan ramah lingkungan. Kompatibilitas dari kedua bahan tersebut menjadi perhatian utama untuk menciptakan material komposit dengan sifat mekanis yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan matriks PLA dengan serat ijuk yang dicampur dengan metode pelarutan menggunakan Dichloromethane dan kemudian dicetak menjadi sampel uji tarik dengan metode cetak panas. Variabel yang digunakan adalah fraksi volum penguat 0%; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40% dan 50%, serta modifikasi permukaan serat dengan perlakuan alkali (NaOH) 0,25 M selama 30 menit untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas serat terhadap matriks. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penurunan sifat kekuatan tarik dan Modulus Young terhadap fraksi volum penguat dari 0% hingga 50%, yang tidak menunjukkan efek penguatan serat terhadap matriks untuk sampel tanpa modifikasi perrmukaan, sementara nilai elongasi menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Hal ini diakibatkan kompatibilitas yang buruk antara matriks dan serat. Setelah dilakukan modifikasi permukaan serat, terjadi peningkatan dari sifat mekanis komposit tersebut. Hasil pengujian FTIR menunjukkan terjadinya pengurangan lignin dan hemiselulosa yang dapat meningkatkan kompatibilitas matriks dan serat.

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Petroleum as a non-renewable resources shows price increment for its derivative products, which one of those is plastics. The development for an alternative solution are developed, that is composite material from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which combined with Ijuk (Arenga pinnata) with the main focus in their compatibility to meet the demand for high specific strength and environmetalfriendly material. This research use PLA as a matrices dan Ijuk as a reinforcement, which is solution mixed using Dicholoromethane and then pressed by hot pressing method to formed tensile test specimens. The variations are volume fraction and fiber surface modification. Volume fraction used are 0%; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40% and 50%, while alkali treatment with NaOH 0,25M for 30 minutes is used for surface modification. Tensile test results show the decreament in tensile strength and Young’s Modulus versus fiber addition from 0-50%, while the elongation shows the conversely results, is showing no strengthening effect of fiber to the matrices for untreated composites. This is due to poor compatibility between matrices and fibers. After surface modification, tensile test results show the improvement in the mechanical properties due to elimination of lignin and hemicellulose which increases its compatibility, supported by the FTIR test results."

"ABSTRAKBatubara adalah salah satu komoditas ekspor terbesar Indonesia, namun pengangkutan batubara masih belum efisien dalam penggunaan bahan bakar. Terbatasnya cadangan minyak dunia memerlukan inovasi dalam rangka mecnapai pengurangan konsumsi bahan bakar pada kendaraan laut. Salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi adalah dengan mengurangi hambatan total kapal dengan menggunakan cat biopolimer. Biopolimer dipilih karena bersifat biodegradable. Biopolimer yang akan diuji coba adalah minyak kulit mete (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid/CNSL). Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji coba tongkang pelat datar model di kolam percobaan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh cat biopolimer dari CNSL terhadap hambatan total kapal. Hasil ditunjukkan dalam grafik hubungan koefisien hambatan total dengan variasi bilangan Froude. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cat biopolimer dari CNSL dapat mengurangi hambatan gesek kapal dimulai pada bilangan Froude 0.3466 pada kondisi tanpa beban dan 0.3178 pada kondisi diberikan beban 3 kilogram.

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ABSTRACT

Coal is one of Indonesia?s largest export commodity, yet still not efficient in fuel use. Limited world?s oil reserve requires innovation in order to achieve fuel consumption reduction on marine vehicles. One solution to improve efficency is to reduce ship?s total resistance by using biopolymer paint. Biopolymer chosen because it has biodegradable properties. Biopolymer to be tested is the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The study was conducted by using a flat plat barge models to investigate the biopolymer paint effect against ship?s total resistance. The results are shown on the graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number. It shows that the use of CNSL biopolymer paint can reduce ship?s total resistance begins at Froude number 0.3466 with no-load and 0.3178 with 3 kilograms load."

""This book will cover the development and utilization of polymer films and coatings derived from non-petroleum, renewable resources from an applications perspective rather than being designed in the form of chapters in which individual polymers or polymer types are described. It will also include the topic of sustainability and how it is defined as well as a chapter on new developments in film production or coating technology in relation to existing technology (e.g., nanocomposites, plasma or corona treatment technology and lamination)"--"

"This reference work offers a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of functional biopolymers. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as synthetic biopolymers, blood-compatible polymers, ophthalmic polymers and stimuli responsive polymers. An up-to-date review of cell encapsulation strategies and cell surface and tissue engineering is also included in this work, and readers will discover more about hydrogels and polymers from renewable resources. Edited by an international team of experts in the field, this reference work will appeal to researchers, scientists, and practitioners working in this field, or entering this vibrant research area"

"In recent years, much attention has been focused on biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Due to its availability and low cost, starch is a promising candidate among biopolymers for use in biodegradable packaging materials and for other purposes. Starch-Based Polymeric Materials and Nanocomposites: Chemistry, Processing, and Applications presents the latest developments in starch chemistry, rheology, starch derivatives, starch-based nanocomposites, and their applications.Topics discussed include:The chemistry, microstructure, processing, and enzymatic degradation of starchThe importance and role of starch as a gelling agentPlasticization and the role of plasticizersVarious rheological techniques applied to starch-related products and the characteristics of starch dispersionsPolymeric aspects of reactive extrusion (REX) and its use on starch and other biopolymersCyclodextrins (CDs) and their industrial applications, and CD-based supramole and polymersThe potential of starch in food packaging, edible packaging, feedstock for bioproducts, and industrial and consumer productsThe theoretical basis and derivation of the mathematical model for multicomponent systems and its solution algorithmThe book also explores recent progress in biodegradable starch-based hybrids and nanomaterials and the incorporation of nanoparticles in starches to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties. The book concludes by discussing the use of biopolymeric nanoparticles (BNPs) in drug delivery and life cycle assessment (LCA) of starch-based polymeric materials for packaging and allied applications.With contributions from leading experts in academia and industry, this volume demonstrates the versatility of starch and its potential in a variety of applications."

"This book about synthesis of polypeptides by ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, peptide synthesis and self-assembly, elastomeric polypeptides, self-assembled polypeptide and polypeptide hybrid vesicles : from synthesis to application, and peptide-based and polypeptide-based hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering."