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"The financial statements can be used as a basis for measuring the bankruptcy of an enterprise through financial ratios exist. This study aims to determine the financial ratios that could be used to predict financial distress in the service and manufacturing companies. Financial ratios used in this research include performance measures include measures of performance (profitability ratio and size of the assessment), a measure of operational efficiency (asset management and investment and management costs) and the size of the financial policy regression and analysis. Independent variables in this study are financial policy (leverage ratio and liquidity ratio). Testing this hypothesis can be used logistic regression analysis. Independent variables in this study are financial ratios, while the dependent variable in this study is to predict financial distress using altman z-score. Results from is that the ratio (current assets-inventory)/ current liabilities can be used to predict financial distress service company in Indonesia, while the ratio of sales/ total assets can be used to predict the financial distress of manufacturing companies in Indonesia."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh determinasi aksesibilitas terhadap pengeluaran perkapita dan menganalisis determinan aksesibilitas keuangan rumah tangga. Adanya pengaruh dua arah antara aksesibilitas dan pengeluaran perkapita rumah tangga, menyebabkan penelitian harus diestimasi dengan pendekatan simultan. Dari hasil estimasi dapat diketahui bahwa keinginan rumah tangga untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran perkapitanya mendorong mereka untuk mengakses kredit baik itu secara umum, perbankan maupun program bantuan pemerintah, disisi yang lain adanya keterlibatan rumah tangga dalam mengakses kredit mendorong peningkatan pengeluaran perkapita.Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa antara pengeluaran perkapita dan aksesibilitas rumah tangga di pasar kredit memberikan pengaruh secara simultan. Determinan yang mempengaruhi keputusan rumah tangga berpartisipasi di pasar kredit, menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan masih menjadi kendala bagi rumah tangga untuk bisa berpartisipasi. Kendala ini juga yang menyebabkan rumah tangga pertanian enggan untuk mengakses kredit sekalipun itu adalah program bantuan dari pemerintah.

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ABSTRAKThe purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.;The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program., The purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two- stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program.]"

"ABSTRAKKrisis keuangan global yang terjadi pada tahun 2008 menimbulkan dampak yang luas pada perekonomian di Indonesia. Dampak tersebut berpengaruh pada perusahaan-perusahaan publik yang dapat menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami kondisi financial distress sehingga menimbulkan ancaman kebangkrutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap prediksi kondisi financial distress dengan menggunakan model regresi logistik. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan-perusahaan sektor non-keuangan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2008-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan 235 sampel dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio Cash Flow Margin dan Debt to Equity Ratio memberikan pengaruh positif dalam memprediksikan kondisi financial distress perusahaan, sedangkan rasio Return on Asset dan Cash to Current Liabilities memberikan pengaruh negatif dalam memprediksikan kondisi financial distress perusahaan. Terdapat 2 rasio keuangan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan, yaitu Cash Flow Margin dan Cash to Current Liabilities, sedangkan 2 rasio lainnya yaitu Return on Asset dan Debt to Equity Ratio tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam memprediksikan kondisi financial distress perusahaan."

"Penelitian ini meneliti faktor yang berpengaruh dalam mempresiksi financial distress. Data yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah perusahaan non-keuangan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indoensia (BEI) pada periode 2008-2019 dengan 2.088 total observasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rasio profitabilitas, rasio likuiditas, rasio leverage, rasio arus kas, faktor pasar, dan faktor ekonomi makro dalam memprediksi financial distress pada perusahaan non-keuangan. Regresi logistik biner digunakan untuk mengestimasi signifikansi pengaruh variabel-variabel independen dalam memprediksi financial distress. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio likuiditas yang terdiri dari rasio current assets to total liabilities, current assets to current liabilities, dan working capital to total assets, rasio leverage yaitu total equity to total liabilities, dan rasio arus kas yaitu cash flow from operation to total assets berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan market value of equity dan harga saham merupakan faktor pasar yang signifikan terhadap financial distress.

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This study examines the factors that influence financial distress prediction. The data used as a sample are non-financial firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2008-2019 with 2,088 total observations. This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, cash flow ratios, market factors, and macroeconomic factors in predicting financial distress in non-financial firms. Binary logistic regression is used to estimate the significance of the effect of independent variables in predicting financial distress. The results of this study indicate that the liquidity ratio consists of the ratio of current assets to total liabilities, current assets to current liabilities, and working capital to total assets, leverage ratio namely total equity to total liabilities, and cash flow ratio namely cash flow from operation to total assets have a significant effect on financial distress. In addition, the results of this study show that market value of equity and stock prices are significant market factors for financial distress."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio-rasio keuangan antara perusahaan yang dalam kondisi distress dengan perusahaan yang sehat/non distress, dan juga untuk menguji rasio keuangan apakah yang paling tepat untuk dapat memprediksi suatu perusahaan dalam kondisi sehat atau tidak sehat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2010 sampai 2014 sebanyak 532 perusahaan. Klasifikasi pengelompokan awal perusahaan distress dan non distress berdasarkan saldo Total Arus Kas Operasi pada tahun 2013 dan 2014. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik, hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: (1) Rasio DER, NPM, ROA, ROE dan EPS dapat memprediksi kesulitan keuangan, (2) Rasio ROA, ROE dan NPM terbukti secara signifikan bisa memprediksi financial distress.

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This study aimed to examine the effect of the financial ratios of the company which is in a state of distress with healthy corporate/non-distress, and also to test which financial ratios are the most appropriate to be able to predict a financial distress. The population in this study are companies registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2014 for total 532 companies. The company's initial grouping classification distress and non-distress based on the balance of the operating cash flow statement in 2013 and 2014. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, the results of the study concluded : (1) Ratio of EPS, DER, ROA, ROE and NPM are able to predict financial distress, (2) ROA, ROE, and NPM shown to significantly able to predict financial distress."

"Implementasi desentralisasi fiskal masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) yang menjadi bagian dari dana perimbangan serta belanja modal seharusnya dapat membantu meningkatkan tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah agar tujuan desentralisasi fiskal dapat terwujud. Tujuan desentralisasi fiskal yaitu sebagai alat untuk menciptakan pelayanan publik berkualitas yang merata dan kemakmuran masyarakat di seluruh Indonesia yang tercermin dari pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Namun pada realisasinya pemerintah daerah belum mampu sepenuhnya memisahkan diri dari pemerintah pusat dalam mendanai kebutuhan daerahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Belanja Modal (BM) terhadap tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah dan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan objek studi yaitu Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi di Indonesia, menggunakan data realisasi APBD TA 2010-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan DAU berpengaruh secara negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap perubahan tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah, perubahan Belanja Modal berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap perubahan tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah, perubahan tingkat DAU dan perubahan tingkat belanja modal, masing-masing berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap perubahan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah

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The implementation of fiscal decentralization still faces various challenges. The General Allocation Fund (DAU), which is part of the balancing fund and also capital expenditures, should be able to help increase the level of regional financial independence so that the goals of fiscal decentralization can be realized. Where the purpose of fiscal decentralization is as a tool to create quality public services that are evenly distributed and the prosperity of people throughout Indonesia which is reflected in regional economic growth. However, in reality, local governments have not been able to completely separate themselves from the central government in funding their regional needs. This study aims to analyze the influence of the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Capital Expenditures (BM) on the level of regional financial independence and on regional economic growth. This research is quantitative research with Provincial Governments of Indonesia as the object of the study, using data on the realization of APBD FY 2010-2020. The results showed that changes in the level of DAU has a negative but not significant effect on changes in the level of regional financial independence, changes in Capital Expenditure has a significant positive effect on changes in the level of regional financial independence, changes in the level of DAU and changes in the level of capital expenditure, each has a positive but not significant effect to changes in regional economic growth."

"Krisis ekonomi global yang terjadi pada tahun 2008 turut berdampak kepada kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia, salah satunya ancaman terjadinya kebangkrutan pada perusahaan. Penelitian mengenai prediksi terjadinya kebangkrutan (financial distress) pada awalnya hanya menggunakan rasio keuangan saja, kemudian diperluas hingga ekonomi makro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan berupa total turnover asset ratio, debt ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, working capital to total asset ratio, dan return on asset serta ekonomi makro berupa Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK), jumlah uang yang beredar (M2), Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) dan BI Rate terhadap probabilitas terjadinya financial distress perusahaan non – keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008 – 2017. Sampel terdiri dari 192 perusahaan yang di kategorikan sebagai perusahaan financial distress dan non – financial distress. Data tersebut kemudian di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis regresi logistik dan data akan diolah dengan SPSS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rasio keuangan dan ekonomi makro dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor terjadinya financial distress dengan tingkat akurasi dalam memprediksi jawaban yang benar sebesar 80,4%. Dari enam rasio keuangan hanya total turnover asset ratio, working capital to total asset ratio dan return on asset ratio yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Serta, hanya dua komponen dari ekonomi makro yaitu Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) dari lima komponen lainnya yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress.

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The economic crisis that occurred in 2008 affected Indonesia economic conditions by way of increased threat of bankruptcy. Studies prediction of financial distress are initially limited to financial ratios for determinants, however they were extend to macroeconomic variables. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial ratios that are total asset turnover ratio, debt ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, working capital to total asset ratio, and return on assets also macroeconomic variables that are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Money Supply (M2), Indonesia Composite Index, and BI Rate on the probability of financial distress of non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008 - 2017. The sample consisted of 192 listed companies which are categorized financially and non-financially distressed companies. Data analyzed using logistic regression analysis techniques. The results show that financial ratios and macroeconomic variables can be used as predictors of financial distress with 80.4% accuracy rate in variables. From six financial ratios only total asset turnover ratio, working capital to total asset ratio and return on asset ratio significantly affect to financial distress. Only two components out of the five macroeconomic variables that has significant effect on financial distress, namely Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Indonesia Composite Index.

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"Salah satu segmen pasar yang patut diperhitungkan dalam industri konstruksi saat ini adalah segmen pasar rumah susun. Besarnya potensi pasar ini semakin dirasakan setelah peresmian proyek 1000 Tower Rusunami oleh presiden RI. Saat ini berbagai pengembang sedang berlomba-lomba untuk melakukan kajian mengenai kelayakan pelaksanaan proyek ini karena diperkirakan memiliki potensi daya tarik investasi yang sangat tinggi. Walaupun memiliki potensi yang sangat besar, namun tingkat risiko investasi pada proyek ini masih terlalu tinggi.Hal ini disebabkan karena faktor pasar yang memiliki faftor pengaruh yang besar terhadap proyeksi keuntungan kurang menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam memperhitungkan proyeksi keuntungan yang diinginkan investor. Dikarenakan hal tersebut, banyak sekali kasus pada proyek ini yang berupa kegagalan pencapaian target keuntungan yang disebabkan oleh minat dan kemampuan pasar yang tak terfasilitasi dengan baik. Oleh karena itu skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu skema pendanaan yang berdasarkan kemampuan dan minat pasar dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap perilaku pasar yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan dan minat pasar.Dengan adanya Skenario Pendanaan yang tertuang dalam cash flow yang didasari oleh kemampuan dan minat market dengan penerapan stratgi pendanaan tertetu, maka IRR yang muncul diharapkan akan menarik bagi investor. Skema pendanaan dari hasil pengolahan data dan dari pengolahan alternatif strategi pendanaan menghasilkan beberapa tingkat kelayakan yang terukur melalui IRR pada tiap model arus kas yang dibuat. IRR yang muncul adalah sebesar 59% untuk model arus kas dengan strategi S1 dan sebesar 75% untuk model arus kas dengan strategi S2 yang dalam hal ini sedikit lebih kecil dari IRR perencanaan awal proyek Apartemen Prima 1 sebesar 92%, akan tetapi memiliki risiko pasar yang jauh lebih kecil. Sehingga kemugkinan terjadinya permasalahan pasar yang menyebabkan IRR turun menjadi 7% dapat diminimalisir.

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One of market segmentation in the construction industy that have to be considered nowadays is the segment that related to low cost apartment (Rusun). The potential value from this segment has been increasing significantly since the launching of the 1000 Rusunami Towers Project by the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Because of the high economic values of this project, nowadays, there are quite sum of pengembangs that has been intensively conducting some research regarding to this project?s initial investment value which been predicted to be very high for the investors. Even though this segment has very high potential values that can be earned, but the risk level that has to be taken is still very high and yet to be described.This circumstances occur due to the lack of informations regarding market behaviors that affect the reliability of financial planning that has been conducted by the investor. Regarding the circumstances that occurred there are a lot of cases that has been taken place related to failure of financial target achievement associated by market capability and interests that arise in this project. Therefore the aim of this research is to discover a market based financial schemes. Steps that take place in order to complete this research are initial research for market capability and interests data so that it can be used as a baseline in the financial scheme to be made.With the presence of market based financial scheme inthis project. It is with high expectation that this financial scheme can be the solution of the tribulations that occur upon this project. The esult of this research is a financial solution which can be shown in an IRR chart to illustrate the project?s financial feasibility level. The IRR that has been generated in this research has a high investment value as high as 75% and has low market risks which can be very risky to the scheme?s financial objective. This solution is generated using a cash flow modelling with the combination of two kinds financial strategies which will be explained in the research report."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor faktor keuangan terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2009 2013 Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi logistik Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor faktor keuangan memiliki pengaruh terhadap financial distress.

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ABSTRACTAim of this study is to analyze the influence of financial factors to financial distress on manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2009 2013 period The test is conducted by using logistic regression model This study found that financial factors are having an influence to financial distress "