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"Sebagian besar sampah yang dihasilkan di Indonesia merupakan sampah organik dengan persentase sebesar 58. Kantin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia FT UI merupakan salah satu penyumbang sampah organik yang cukup tinggi. Pengolahan sampah makanan yang dilakukan masih terbatas pada pengomposan yang membutuhkah waktu 6-7 minggu. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan sampah makanan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan proses biokonversi menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly Hermetia Illucens. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah organik Kantin FT UI, menganalaisis durasi optimal biokonversi, serta menganalisis potensi biokonversi dari sampah organik di Kantin FT UI. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan skala laboratorium yang menggunakan 4 jenis variasi durasi biokonversi yaitu 7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari, dan 28 hari. Durasi optimal biokonversi yang didapat selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengetahui potensi pengolahan dengan skala eksisting. Dari hasil pengukuran, rata-rata timbulan sampah sebesar 46,27 kg/hari. Selanjutnya dari keempat variasi durasi biokonversi, didapatkan durasi optimal yaitu selama 12 hari. Untuk potensi pengolahan sampah eksisting, proses biokonversi dengan larva Black Soldier Fly Hermetia Illucens dari sampah Kantin FT UI dapat mereduksi sampah sebesar 75 dengan nilai WRI sebesar 6,25 /hari, serta dapat menghasilkan biomassa larva sebanyak 800 gr per 4 kg sampah.

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Most of waste that produced in Indonesia is organic waste with percentage of 58. Canteen of Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia FT UI is one of the high enough contributor of organic waste. Food waste processing is still limited to composting that takes 6 7 weeks. One of the alternative food waste processing that can be applied is bioconversion process using Black Soldier Fly larvae Hermetia Illucens.

This study aims to determine the generation of organic waste in Canteen FT UI, analyze the optimum duration of bioconversion, and analyze the bioconversion potential of organic waste in Canteen FT UI. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale that used 4 variations of bioconversion duration those are 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. The optimum duration of current bioconversion was used to know the potency of processing with the existing scale.

From the measurement result, the average of waste generation is 46,27 kg day. Then from within the variation of bioconversion duration, the optimum duration is 12 days. For the potential of existing waste processing, the bioconversion process with Black Soldier Fly larvae Hermetia Illucens from waste in Canteen of FT UI can reduce organic waste by 75 with WRI value of 6.25 day, and can produce larvae biomass as much as 800 gr per 4 kg organic waste."

"Jumlah penduduk Kota Semarang yang kian meningkat tiap tahunnya dibarengi dengan meningkatnya jumlah timbulan sampah di TPA Jatibarang Semarang. Tercatat pada tahun 2021 hingga bulan Juni total sampah yang dihasilkan mencapai 137.715 ton dengan rata-rata mencapai 22.952 ton/bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung dan menganalisis tingkat efektivitas sampah organik lunak yang diolah menjadi pakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) di TPA Jatibarang Semarang pada tahun 2019-2021 serta mengetahui sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Jatibarang Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan langsung di TPA Jatibrang Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan ekologi. Variabel yang digunakan adalah jumlah timbulan sampah per bulan, jumlah intake dan residu sampah sebagai bahan pakan larva BSF per bulan. Berdasarkan observasi, pengelolaan sampah di TPA Jatibarang Semarang telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Daerah Kota Semarang nomor 6 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Selama tahun 2019-2021, efektivitas maksimum yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan sampah organik untuk pakan larva BSF mencapai 98,75% yaitu pada bulan Juni 2021. Sedangkan efektivitas secara keseluruhan sejak tahun 2019-2021 mencapai angka 94,3%. Metode ini dinilai efektif dan sangat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di TPA lainnya maupun Komunitas Swadaya Masyarakat guna mengurangi timbulan sampah organik.

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The population of Semarang City which is increasing every year, is accompained by an increasing amount of waste generated at Jatibarang landfill. It was recorded form January to June 2021, the total waste produced reached 137,715 tons with an avarage 22,952 tons/month. The purpose of this study was to calculate and analyze the effectiveness of organic waste that was processed into Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae feed at Jatibarang landfill in 2019-2021 and to know the waste management system at Jatibarang landfill. The research was conducted at the Jatibarang landfill. This study used a descriptive method with an ecological approach. The variables used were the amount of waste generated per month, the amount of intake and residual was as feed for BSF larvae per month. Based on observation, waste managemnet at Jatibarang landfill is in accordance with the Semarang Regional Regulation number 6 of 2012 about Waste Management. During 2019-2021, the maximum effectiveness from processing organic waste for BSF larvae feed reached 98,75% on June 2021. While the overall effectiveness from 2019-2021 reached 94,3%. This method is considered effective and highly recommender to be applied in other landfill or non-governmental organization to reuce the amount of organic waste."

"One of the materials with great potency for future nutrition source for animal feed is prepupae of black soldier fly larvae (BSFP) (Hermetia illucens) which is fed on organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of specific substance (omega-3) of organic wastes (marine fish offal and tofu dregs) inside harvested biomass of BSFP. A total of 150 gram food consist of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportion (10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs) was fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days.At the end of feeding trial, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content. Fatty acid content was analyzed using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Result of the experiment showed BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced highest biomass (8.1 g / 50 larvae) with least development time (19 days). The total of omega-3 recorded from application of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. This result showed the possibility of transferring specific nutrient from organic wastes biomass of BSFP which provides base knowledgement for further application in design of specific animal feed from BSFP."

"Fasilitas pengolahan sampah sayur dan buah dengan metode Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) di Puspa Agro, Jawa Timur, dapat mereduksi sampah yang dibuang ke TPA hingga 50%. Namun fasilitas ini juga memproduksi limbah cairan hasil pengeringan dan residu dari proses pengolahan oleh larva lalat yang masih berpotensi untuk diolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pembentukan metana dari sampah sayur dan buah, cairan hasil pengeringan, dan residu menggunakan digestasi anaerobik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode BMP pada suhu 35oC selama 5 minggu dengan wadah botol 500 mL. Karakteristik sampel sampah sayur dan buah adalah TS 7,09%; VS 5,96%; dan C/N 11,89. Cairan hasil pengeringan TS 2,65%, VS 2,04%, dan C/N 4,40. Residu TS 3,62%, VS 3,32%, dan C/N 15,53. Cairan hasil pengeringan dan residu dicampur sehingga mendapatkan rasio kombinasi optimal yang mempertimbangkan kondisi C/N dan OL. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan pembentukan metana untuk sampah sayur dan buah 0,0217 L CH4/g VS; cairan hasil pengeringan 0,1467 L CH4/g VS; residu 0,0876 L CH4/g VS; Rasio VS cairan hasil pengeringan dan residu dengan nilai 1:7; 1:3; dan 1:1. Pembentukan metana oleh kombinasi rasio 1:7 0,1121 L CH4/g VS; rasio 1:3 0,0736 L CH4/g VS; dan rasio 1:1 0,1378 L CH4/g VS.

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Fruit and vegetable waste processing facility using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) methode in Puspa Agro, Jawa Timur, might be able to reduce 50% of waste to dump into landfill. The purpose of this research is to find out the methane yield potential of fruit and vegetable waste, fruit and vegetable juice, and residue using anaerobic digestion. Methode used in this research is BMP assay in 35oC temperature for 5 weeks with 500 mL bottle as vessel. Characteristifs of fruit and vegetable waste TS 7,09%; VS 5,96%; and C/N 11,89. Fruit and vegetable juice TS 2,65%, VS 2,04%, and C/N 4,40. Residue TS 3,62%, VS 3,32%, and C/N 15,53. Fruit and vegetable juice are combined into a solution, the optimum ratio of the solution considering C/N and OL factors. The optimum combination ratio in this research is 1:3. The result is potential of methane yield for fruit and vegetable waste 0,0217 L CH4/g VS; fruit and vegetable juice 0,1467 L CH4/g VS; residue 0,0876 L CH4/g VS; Combination ratio used is fruit and vegetable juice and residue with ratio 0,5:3,5; 1:3; and 2:2. Potential of methane yield for ratio 1:9 0,1121 L CH4/g VS; ratio 1:4 0,0736 L CH4/g VS; dan ratio 3:7 0,1378 L CH4/g VS."

"Sampah makanan mengemisikan biogas yang mengandung CH4. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sampah makanan Kantin FTUI dan potensi kuantitas metana yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaktor anaerobik batch selama 43 hari dengan variasi C/N kisaran 25-30 dan 22-25. Selama operasi reaktor tidak dihasilkan metana karena nilai VFA/TA 0,68 dan 0,75 yang menandakan proses tidak berjalan baik. Namun degradasi zat organik tetap terjadi dengan penurunan nilai VS yang berkisar 12,42 ?45,94% selama proses. Penelitian BMP dilakukan selama 31 hari dengan variasi inokulum, yakni rumen dan feses sapi. BMP sampah makanan dengan inokulum feses sapi menghasilkan lebih banyak metana dengan produksi biogas 0,14 mL CH4/g VS; 29,85 mL saat volume puncaknya (hari ke - 20) dan destruksi VS total 80,06%. Sedangkan BMP sampah makanan dengan rumen sapi sebagai inokulum memiliki produksi biogas 0,014 mL CH4/g VS; volume sebesar 3 mL (hari ke ? 10) saat puncak dan destruksi VS total 70,34%.

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Food waste emits biogas which contains CH4. This study aims to acknowledge food waste characteristics from FTUI cafeteria and its methane potential. The study was conducted in batch reactors for 43 days with C/N variation: 25-30 and 22-25. The result showed no methane was produced because of its VFA/TA 0,68 and 0,75 that indicated the process did not go well. But, the degradation of organic matters still happened with VS value declined in a range of 12,42-45,94%.

BMP was conducted for 31 days with inoculum variation: rumen and cow dung. BMP of food wastes with cow dung inoculum produced more methane, with biogas production 0,14 mL CH4/g VS; 29,85 mL on its peak volume (day 20) and 80,06% VS reduction. Meanwhile BMP of, food wastes with rumen fluid as its inoculum has biogas production 0,014 mL CH4/g VS; 3 mL of volume on its peak (day 10) and 70,34% as its VS reduction."

"Sampah organik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang memiliki jumlah terbesar di Indonesia. Rumah tangga dan Restoran merupakan sumber terbanyak yang menghasilkan sampah organik khususnya sampah makanan. Salah satu teknologi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah melalui proses biokonversi dengan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk [1] menganalisis karakteristik sampah organik rumah tangga dan restoran; [2] menganalisis proporsi sampah organik dari rumah tangga dan restoran terhadap efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF; [3] menganalisis pengaruh penambahan substrat dengan campuran sampah organik rumah tangga dan restoran terhadap efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat, sampah organik rumah tangga, sampah organik restoran, dan lumpur susu memiliki kadar air masing-masing sebesar 73%, 81%, dan 82%. Berdasarkan hasil biokonversi, memberikan gambaran bahwa kelompok kontrol dengan proporsi sampah rumah tangga dan restoran 30:70 memiliki nilai WRI tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan proporsi lainnya. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan karena sampah organik restoran memiliki keadaan yang lebih murni dibandingkan sampah organik rumah tangga. Sementara, penambahan substrat limbah susu tidak dapat meningkatkan nilai WRI, namun penambahan substrat dapat meningkatkan terhadap nilai ECD, RGR, dan RSR. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan karena lumpur susu memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kadar air yang dimiliki oleh sampah organik rumah tangga dan sampah organik restoran.

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Organic waste is one type of waste that has the largest amount in Indonesia. Households and restaurants are the largest sources of organic waste, especially food waste. One technology to overcome this is through a bioconversion process with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This research aims to [1] analyze the characteristics of household and restaurant organic waste; [2] analyzed the proportion of organic waste from households and restaurants on the effectiveness of bioconversion of BSF larvae; [3] analyzed the effect of adding a substrate mixed with household and restaurant organic waste on the effectiveness of bioconversion of BSF larvae. The instrument used in this research was an experiment. Based on the results of proximate analysis, household organic waste, restaurant organic waste, and milk sludge have water contents of 73%, 81%, and 82% respectively. Based on the bioconversion results, it shows that the control group with a proportion of household and restaurant waste of 30:70 has the highest WRI value when compared to other proportions. These results can be caused because restaurant organic waste is purer than household organic waste. Meanwhile, the addition of milk waste substrate cannot increase the WRI value, but the addition of substrate can increase the ECD, RGR and RSR values. This result could be caused by milk sludge having a higher water content compared to the water content of household organic waste and restaurant organic waste."

"Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengonsumsi makanan mengandung minyak dan lemak menjadi pemicu peningkatan timbulan limbah minyak dan lemak serta nilai COD dan VS air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi biogas dan rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan yang paling optimum.Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 42 hari inkubasi pada suhu 37˚C dengan tiga variasi rasio VS limbah minyak dan lemak dan sampah makanan yaitu 1:7, 1:2, dan 1:1 dengan metode biochemical methane potential. Limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki karakteristik COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, dan VS 759 g/L.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki potensi menghasilkan biogas tertinggi melalui proses anaerobic co- digestion dengan sampah makanan dan menghasilkan 485 mLCH4/grVS dari variasi 1:7. Sementara variasi rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan 1:2 dan 1:1 hanya menghasilkan 128 dan 4 mLCH4/grVS.

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Tendency of Indonesian people to eat foods containing oils dan fats trigger increasing in generation of fat, oil, and grease waste and increasing in wastewater?s COD and VS. This research is conducted to know potential of fat, oil, and grease and its ratio with food waste that obtain the highest biogas production through biochemical methane potential method.

The research was conducted over 42 days incubation at 37˚C including three variation of volatile solids (VS) ratio of fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste, that is 1:7, 1:2, and 1:1. As co- substrate of the anaerobic co- digestion process, fat, oil, and grease characteristics are COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, and VS 759 g/L.

Result showed that fat, oil, and grease waste has potential to produce biogas through anaerobic co- digestion process with food waste and produce 485 mLCH4/grVS as the highest methane yield of 1:7 ratio. While the variation of ratio fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste at 1:2 and 1:1 only produce 128 and 4 mLCH4/grVS, respectively."

"Sampah sisa makanan menjadi salah satu masalah di Universitas Indonesia karena belum terdapat metode yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengelolaan limbah kantin dari fakultas-fakultas yang ada. Salah satu teknik pengelolaan limbah kantin adalah dengan pengomposan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Adanya proses fermentasi dan penguraian bahan kompleks oleh mikroorganisme pada substrat organik mampu mengoptimalkan daya biokonversi larva BSF. Namun, hingga saat ini, penelitian terkait pengaruh fermentasi limbah kantin terhadap efektivitas biokonversinya dengan larva BSF belum ditemukan sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan mikroorganisme EM4 terhadap efektivitas biokonversi limbah kantin menggunakan larva BSF dan juga kandungan kompos yang dihasilkan berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7030-2004. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yakni berupa kombinasi fermentasi EM4 dengan perbedaan perlakuan durasi (0, 5, dan 10 hari) serta larva BSF sebagai agen pengomposan pada limbah kantin. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap berat biomassa larva BSF dan kompos, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, serta analisis kandungan unsur hara kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF tertinggi didapatkan oleh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan EM4 selama 10 hari (F10) dengan berat biomassa total larva BSF sebesar 50,09 gram; nilai bioconversion rate sebesar 24,55%; nilai waste reduction index (WRI) sebesar 10,79%; dan berat kompos sebesar 27,38 gram. Sementara itu, sebagian besar kandungan unsur hara kompos pada semua perlakuan sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI 19-7030-2004, kecuali nilai kadar C-organik pada perlakuan F10 serta nilai rasio C/N pada semua perlakuan lainnya (F0, F5, F10, KL dan KF). Pada penelitian ini, didiskusikan juga potensi biokonversi dan peluang bioekonomi pengelolaan limbah kantin FMIPA UI dengan larva BSF.

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Food waste management has become one of the issues at the University of Indonesia due to the lack of an effective and efficient method in managing canteen waste from existing faculties. One common technique in food waste management is composting using larvae of Black Soldier Fly (BSF). The fermentation process and decomposition of complex substances by microorganisms in the organic substrate can optimize the bioconversion efficiency of BSF larvae. However, studies related to the influence of canteen waste fermentation on the effectiveness of bioconversion with BSF larvae have not been discovered to date. Hence, further study regarding this subject is necessary. This study aimed to identify the effects of canteen waste fermentation treatment with EM4 microorganisms on the effectiveness of canteen waste bioconversion using BSF larvae and the content quality of the resulting compost based on the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard. The method used in this study is combining EM4 fermentation with different durations treatment (0, 5, and 10 days) and BSF larvae as composting agent on canteen waste. Data analysis included the weight of BSF larvae biomass and compost, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, and content quality analysis of the compost. The results showed that the highest effectiveness of bioconversion by BSF larvae was obtained with a 10-day EM4 fermentation treatment (F10). The total biomass of F10 BSF larvae reached 50,09 grams; with bioconversion rate of 24,55%; waste reduction index of 10,79%; and a compost weight of 27,38 grams. Meanwhile, most of the content qualities in the compost for all treatments were following the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard, except for the C-organic content value in the F10 treatment and the C/N ratio values in all other treatments (F0, F5, F10, KL, and KF). In this study, the bioconversion potency and the bioeconomic opportunities of managing the waste from the FMIPA UI canteen using BSF larvae were also discussed."

"Sampah sisa makanan yang dihasilkan di kantin Fakultas Teknik UI memiliki persentase sebesar 73% dari total timbulan sampah. Jumlah sampah yang besar serta sifatnya yang mudah membusuk dan memicu kehadiran hewan pembawa penyakit seperti tikus, membuat pengolahan sampah sisa makanan perlu menjadi prioritas. Salah satu teknik pengolahannya adalah pengomposan, yaitu proses degradasi sampah organik oleh mikroorganisme menjadi material sejenis humus yang dapat dimanfaatkan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor (meliputi parameter fisik-kimia) yang mempengaruhi proses pengomposan, serta menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh faktor tersebut terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme selama proses pengomposan berlangsung. Analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis faktor, korelasi, dan multivariabel.Berdasarkan analisis faktor yang dilakukan, terbentuk 2 faktor baru yang mempengaruhi proses pengomposan, yaitu faktor 1 dinamakan parameter yang menunjukkan hasil dari proses pengomposan, terdiri dari konduktivitas, salinitas, dan kadar air; dan faktor 2 dinamakan parameter yang mendukung proses pengomposan, terdiri dari rasio C/N, kadar karbon, pH, dan kadar nitrogen.Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan kadar air, rasio C/N, kadar karbon, pH, kadar nitrogen memiliki pengaruh terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme. Berdasarkan analisis multivariabel, komposter 2 diperkirakan memiliki model regresi pengaruh faktor pengomposan terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme yang terbaik. Sedangkan dilihat dari penurunan kadar karbonnya, komposter 1 memiliki konstanta laju pengomposan dan laju dekomposisi terbesar dibandingkan dua komposter lainnya, yaitu sebesar 0,0006 dan 0,0224%/hari.

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Food waste is likely to degrade quickly and smell, become a breeding ground for bacteria and attract rodents. Food waste from canteen at Faculty of Engineering has a percentage of 73% of the total waste generation. Enormous amount of food waste and its nature made food waste processing needs to be a priority. One of food waste treatment is composting, which is a process of organic waste degradation by microorganisms into humus-like material.This study aimed to analyze the factors (including physico-chemical parameters) that affect the composting process, and analyze the relationship and the influence of factors on microorganisms activities during the composting process. Statistical analysis in this study include factor analysis, correlation and multivariable analysis.Based on factor analysis, there are two new factors that affect composting, factor 1 consist of conductivity, salinity, and water content, then named parameter that indicates the result of the composting process, and factor 2 consist of C/N ratio, carbon content, pH, and nitrogen content, then named parameters that support the composting process.Results of correlation analysis showed that moisture, C/N ratio, carbon content, pH, and nitrogen content has correlation to microorganisms activities. Based on multivariable analysis, composter 2 were estimated to have the best regression models. While based on carbon reduction, composter 1 has the largest composting rate constant and decomposition rate than the two largest composter at 0,0006 and 0,0224 %/day"