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"Cakupan penelitian virtual manufacturing ini adalah menggunakan teknologi informasi dan simulasi menggunakan computer untuk memodelkan proses manufaktur di dunia nyata dengan menganalisis serta memahami prosesnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan arsitektur, konseptualisasi, dan pengujian sistem yang dapat membaca pergerakan dan kontraksi otot lengan manusia yang dapat berinteraksi dengan objek secara maya dalam sistem 3D CAD. Target kelompok pengguna untuk sistem ini adalah industri manufaktur atau individu yang tidak mau menghabiskan terlalu banyak waktu dan biaya untuk proses pembuatan prototipe. Input sistem terdiri dari sinyal electromyogram EMG dari otot-otot di tangan dan pengolahan citra tangan. Setiap input diproses oleh algoritma yang menghasilkan informasi real time dengan menggunakan NRF24L01 radio frequency tranciever. Output sistem ini digabungkan untuk menghasilkan kontrol kursor yang efektif dan efisien. Eksperimen dilakukan untuk membandingkan kinerja electromyogram di lokasi yang berbeda pada lengan manusia dan menciptakan lingkungan maya sebagai media kontrol kursor. Dari hasil penelitian, model arsitektur yang dikembangkan berhasil dengan baik, dimana pengaruh gaya dan kontraksi otot dapat dibaca dan berinteraksi dengan objek maya pada 3D CAD system.

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The research scope for virtual manufacturing is the use of information technology and computer simulation to model real world manufacturing processes for the purpose of analysing and understanding them.This study aims to develop architecture, conceptualization, and system testing that can read the movement and contraction of human arm muscles also interact with objects virtually in 3D CAD system. Target user groups for this system are manufacturing industries or individuals who do not want to spend too much time and cost for the prototype manufacturing process. The system input consists of electromyogram EMG signals from the arm muscles and hand image procession. Each input is processed by an algorithm that generates real time information using NRF24L01 radio frequency tranciever. These system outputs are combined to produce effective and efficient cursor controls. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the electromyogram at different locations on the human arm and create a virtual environment as a cursor control medium. From the results of the research, this model architecture successfully worked well, in which force and muscle contraction can be read and interacted with virtual objects in 3D CAD system."

"Kemajuan teknologi juga berkembang pada dunia perakitan. Sekarang analisa proses perakitan ini sudah bisa dilakukan pada dunia virtual dengan bantuan program Computer-Aided Design dan beberapa sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit, dan sensor flex, dan lain-lain), sehingga tanpa memerlukan bentuk fisik dari material maupun proses pembuatan. Kegiatan perakitan ini akan lebih mudah dan lebih terlihat nyata jika adanya interaksi dengan lingkungan, maka dari itu penggunaan augmented reality digunakan. Karya tulis ini membahas cara mengimplementasikan augmented reality pada sistem InvenGlove (motion glove dari penelitian sebelumnya), yaitu: penggunaan kamera, merubah background 3D Computer-Aided Design Autodesk Inventor, dan pemilihan program augmented reality yang akan digunakan; serta membahas peningkatan kinerja InvenGlove. Dalam implementasi memanfaatkan Application Programming Interface pada program Autodesk Inventor dan Windows. Pada akhirnya dihasilkan virtual assembly dengan augmented reality berdasarkan pada program Autodesk Showcase.

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Advanced technology is also developing in the assembling world. Now, assembly process analysis can be done in virtual with some programs suggests Computer-Aided Design and some sensors (Inertial Measurement Unit, flex sensor, etc) without the actual physic materials and the process of making the product itself. Assembling will be easier and looked more real if there are interactions with the environment. Hence augmented reality is used. This paper explains how to implement augmented reality in the InvenGlove system (motion glove from the researches before), such as: using camera device, changing 3D Computer-Aided Design Autodesk Inventor background, and the selection of augmented reality program; and also improvement in performance of InvenGlove. In the implementation utilize Application Programming Interface in Autodesk Inventor program and Windows. The product is virtual assembly with augmented reality based on Autodesk Showcase program."

"Seiring meningkatnya penggunaan CAD/CAM dan kemajuan pesat Virtual Reality dalam sistem manufaktur maka proses perencanaan assembly (perakitan) bisa dilakukan dalam Dunia Virtual tanpa memerlukan bentuk fisik dari material maupun proses. Karya tulis ini membahas perancangan dan pengembangan sebuah sistem Data Glove yang membaca perpindahan tangan dan lentingan jari menggunakan sensor Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) dan sensor flex. Microcontroller dan program komputer antarmuka Application Programming Interface (API) kemudian mentranslasikan bacaan sensor menjadi kontrol rotasi, translasi dan zoom di dalam program CAD 3D (Autodesk Inventor). Pengujian kinerja mendemonstrasikan Motion Glove memungkinkan penggunanya untuk melakukan manipulasi objek dalam proses Virtual Assembly secara optimal dan intuitif.

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With the increasing use of CAD/CAM and virtual reality in manufacturing system, the assembling process planning can now be done virtually. This paper discusses the design and development of a data glove system, which capture the hand motion and finger flex (respectively using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and flex sensors) connected to microcontroller (a “Motion Glove”). API program then interprets the sensors readings into object rotation, translation and zoom control in a 3D CAD program (Autodesk Inventor). Performance test demonstrates motion glove allows more immersion into virtual reality and consequently more intuitive experience of manipulating objects in virtual assembling process."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan dunia manufaktur di abad ke-21 ini berkembang seiring bertambahnya permintaan produk. Pembuatan produk baru yang inovatif, cepat, dan murah dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi industri manufaktur. Desain produk dengan pembuatan prototipe nyata membuat harga penelitian produk dan risiko kegagalan menjadi tinggi. Penelitian ini menggagas konsep virtual manufacturing yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan assembly dan desain memanfaatkan hasil data image processing. Penggunaan perakitan secara virtual dapat memangkas harga pembuatan produk uji coba dan merasakan sensasi langsung. Model software yang dikembangkan menggunakan kamera webcam pada laptop dan integrasi hasil identifikasi dan tracking tangan dengan 3D CAD System. Pengguna menggunakan software ini tanpa perlu terganggu dengan sensor yang banyak maupun pembelian device tambahan yang mahal sehingga lebih leluasa dalam melakukan simulasi virtual manufacturing. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah model software virtual designing dan virtual assembly sebagai bagian dari virtual manufacturing.

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ABSTRACTThe development of the manufacturing world in the 21st century is growing as the demand for product rsquo s increase. Creating innovative, fast, and inexpensive new products can provide benefits for the manufacturing industry. Product design with real prototype has expensive cost for research and the failure is too high. This research initiated a concept of virtual manufacturing that can be used to perform assembly and design utilize the results of image processing data. The use of virtual assembly can cut the price of making test products and feel the sensation instantly. The software model is developed using webcam cameras on laptop and integration of the results of identification and hand tracking based on image processing with 3D CAD System. User can use this software without feeling interupted by the sensors so they can feel more flexible in performing virtual manufacturing simulation and do not have to purchase of additional devices that are expensive. The end results of this research are virtual designing and virtual assembly software model as part of virtual manufacturing. "

"[Computer-aided nonlinear control system design provides such an approach based on the use of describing functions. The text deals with a large class of nonlinear systems without restrictions on the system order, the number of inputs and/or outputs or the number, type or arrangement of nonlinear terms. The strongly software-oriented methods detailed facilitate fulfillment of tight performance requirements and help the designer to think in purely nonlinear terms, avoiding the expedient of linearization which can impose substantial and unrealistic model limitations and drive up the cost of the final product.Design procedures are presented in a step-by-step algorithmic format each step being a functional unit with outputs that drive the other steps. This procedure may be easily implemented on a digital computer with example problems from mechatronic and aerospace design being used to demonstrate the techniques discussed. The author?s commercial MATLAB®-based environment, available separately from insert URL here, can be used to create simulations showing the results of using the computer-aided control system design ideas characterized in the text.;Computer-aided nonlinear control system design provides such an approach based on the use of describing functions. The text deals with a large class of nonlinear systems without restrictions on the system order, the number of inputs and/or outputs or the number, type or arrangement of nonlinear terms. The strongly software-oriented methods detailed facilitate fulfillment of tight performance requirements and help the designer to think in purely nonlinear terms, avoiding the expedient of linearization which can impose substantial and unrealistic model limitations and drive up the cost of the final product.Design procedures are presented in a step-by-step algorithmic format each step being a functional unit with outputs that drive the other steps. This procedure may be easily implemented on a digital computer with example problems from mechatronic and aerospace design being used to demonstrate the techniques discussed. The author?s commercial MATLAB®-based environment, available separately from insert URL here, can be used to create simulations showing the results of using the computer-aided control system design ideas characterized in the text.;Computer-aided nonlinear control system design provides such an approach based on the use of describing functions. The text deals with a large class of nonlinear systems without restrictions on the system order, the number of inputs and/or outputs or the number, type or arrangement of nonlinear terms. The strongly software-oriented methods detailed facilitate fulfillment of tight performance requirements and help the designer to think in purely nonlinear terms, avoiding the expedient of linearization which can impose substantial and unrealistic model limitations and drive up the cost of the final product.Design procedures are presented in a step-by-step algorithmic format each step being a functional unit with outputs that drive the other steps. This procedure may be easily implemented on a digital computer with example problems from mechatronic and aerospace design being used to demonstrate the techniques discussed. The author?s commercial MATLAB®-based environment, available separately from insert URL here, can be used to create simulations showing the results of using the computer-aided control system design ideas characterized in the text., Computer-aided nonlinear control system design provides such an approach based on the use of describing functions. The text deals with a large class of nonlinear systems without restrictions on the system order, the number of inputs and/or outputs or the number, type or arrangement of nonlinear terms. The strongly software-oriented methods detailed facilitate fulfillment of tight performance requirements and help the designer to think in purely nonlinear terms, avoiding the expedient of linearization which can impose substantial and unrealistic model limitations and drive up the cost of the final product.Design procedures are presented in a step-by-step algorithmic format each step being a functional unit with outputs that drive the other steps. This procedure may be easily implemented on a digital computer with example problems from mechatronic and aerospace design being used to demonstrate the techniques discussed. The author’s commercial MATLAB®-based environment, available separately from insert URL here, can be used to create simulations showing the results of using the computer-aided control system design ideas characterized in the text.]"