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"Kondisi di penangkaran berbeda dengan kondisi di habitat alami. Hal tersebut dapat memengaruhi perilaku, salah satunya ialah perilaku pengasuhan. Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pengasuhan monyet hitam sulawesi Macaca nigra di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari tiga individu yaitu induk betina, induk jantan dan anak. Pengambilan data perilaku pengasuhan M. nigra menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling dengan interval waktu 10 menit tanpa jeda selama 25 hari dengan total waktu pengamatan 7500 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan selama lima hari dalam satu minggu. Waktu pengamatan dalam satu hari dimulai dari pukul 09.00--15.00 WIB. Perilaku pengasuhan yang teramati meliputi perilaku menggendong, menelisik, mendekat, istirahat, bergerak, kontak tubuh, menyusui dan penolakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk betina mendominasi perilaku pengasuhan, sementara induk jantan hanya melakukan perilaku penolakan. Rerata persentase perilaku pengasuhan tertinggi yang dilakukan induk yaitu menggendong 29,45 10,97 dan terendah yaitu perilaku penolakan 0,12 0,21.

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Conditions in captivity are different from those in natural habitats. It can affect animal behavior, one of them is parenting behavior. Research has been conducted to know the parenting behavior of celebes black macaques Macaca nigra in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Subject of the study consists of three individuals, female parent, male parent and infant. Data of parenting behavior of M. nigra is collected using focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods with 10 minutes interval without interlude for 25 days with a total time of 7500 minutes. Observations were made five days a week. Observation time in one day starting from 09 00 to 15 00 pm. Parenting activities observed include cradling, allogrooming, approaching, resting, moving, body contact, nipple contact and rejection. The results show that the female parent dominates parenting behavior, while the male parent only show rejecting behavior. The highest percentage of parenting behaviors performed by the parent was cradling 29,45 10,97 and the lowest was rejection behavior 0,12 0,21."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap perilaku pengasuhan anak pada keluarga Macaca hecki Matschie, 1901 di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengamati pengasuhan terhadap infant yang ditempatkan dalam satu kelompok dan ada atau tidaknya keterlibatan anggota keluarga lain dalam peran pengasuhan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling dengan interval waktu 10 menit tanpa jeda selama 25 hari dengan total waktu 7500 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan selama lima hari dalam sepekan. Pengamatan perilaku pengasuhan dimulai pada pukul 09.00--15.00 WIB. Waktu pengamatan disesuaikan dengan Macaca hecki yang bersifat diurnal aktif pada pagi hingga sore hari dan disesuaikan dengan perizinan yang diberikan oleh pihak Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Aktivitas pengasuhan yang diamati berupa perilaku menggendong, menelisik, mendekat, istirahat, bergerak, kontak tubuh, menyusui dan penolakan. Subjek pengamatan yaitu satu kelompok Macaca hecki yang terdiri dari induk jantan, induk betina, empat ekor anak dan satu infant. Pola pengasuhan yang terjadi menunjukan induk betina mendominasi dari seluruh perilaku harian aktivitas pengasuhan sebesar 92,99, diikuti oleh kakak ketiga 11, kakak keempat 4,5, kakak pertama 4,195, kakak kedua 3,56 serta induk jantan 0,09. Aktivitas perilaku pengasuhan yang mendominasi adalah aktivitas istirahat.

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Research has been toward parenting behavior of Macaca hecki Matcshie, 1901 family in Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Jakarta. Research conducted to observe parenting toward infant that placed in one group family and the presence or absence of other family members 39 involvement in parenting roles. The focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods is used to record parenting behavior within 10 minute intervals without interlude of 25 days with a total time of 7500 minutes. Observations were made five days a week. Observation of parenting behavior begins at 09.00 15.00 WIB. The observation time is adjusted to diurnal Macaca hecki active in the morning to late afternoon and adjusted to the permission given by the Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Parenting activities observed include carrying, allogrooming, approaching, resting, moving, body contact, breastfeeding and rejection. The subject of observation is one group family of Macaca hecki include male parent, female parent, four childerns and one infant. The pattern of parenting that occurs shows the female parent dominates from all the daily behavior of parenting activities by 92.99, followed by third sister 11, fourth brother 4.5, first brother 4.195, second sister 3.56 and male parent 0.09. Resting is the activities of parenting behavior that dominate."

"Banteng jawa (Bos javanicus javanicus) merupakan spesies yang terancam punah akibat berbagai aktivitas manusia, sehingga perlu dilakukan konservasi secara ex-situ seperti di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Masalah baru, yaitu inbreeding, terjadi sehingga dilakukan pertukaran individu banteng jawa berdasarkan rekomendasi Global Species Management Plans (GSMP) untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku reproduksi dan interaksi banteng jawa jantan dan betina yang dipasangkan melalui program GSMP. Subjek penelitian ini adalah satu individu banteng jawa jantan (J1) asal Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, yang dipasangkan dengan satu banteng jawa betina (B1) asal Taman Safari Prigen, serta satu banteng jawa betina (B2) asal Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian dilakukan selama dua bulan (Januari—Maret 2024) sebanyak 5 (lima) kali dalam sepekan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan scan sampling dan ad libitum dengan interval 5 (lima) menit tanpa jeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase perilaku harian tertinggi pada J1 dan B1 merupakan perilaku makan, diikuti dengan perilaku istirahat dan lokomosi. Persentase perilaku sosial positif, seperti approaching dan allogrooming, antara J1 dengan B1 tinggi, tetapi agonistic action juga cukup tinggi. Perilaku sosial yang paling dominan teramati merupakan perilaku approaching yang dilakukan J1 terhadap B1. Perilaku reproduksi berupa sniffing genitalia, licking genitalia, dan flehmen dapat teramati. Persentase perilaku reproduksi antara J1 dengan B1 yang dipasangkan lebih rendah dibandingkan J1 dengan B2, sedangkan perilaku mounting hingga kopulasi tidak teramati.

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Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) is a species that is categorized endangered due to various human activities that lead to the need for ex-situ conservation, such as in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Another problem that is inbreeding occurred, then the javan banteng were exchanged based on the recommendations of the Global Species Management Plans (GSMP) to solve this problem. This study aims to analyze the reproductive behavior and interactions of male and female javan banteng that was paired through the GSMP. The subject of this study was a male javan banteng (J1) from Taman Margasatwa Ragunan that was paired with a female javan banteng (B1) from Taman Safari Prigen, and a female javan banteng (B2) from Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. This study was conducted from January to March 2024 for 5 days a week. The research methods used were scan sampling and ad libitum with 5 minutes intervals without pause. The results showed that the highest percentage of daily behavior of J1 and B1 was eating behavior, followed by resting and locomotion behavior. Percentage of positive social behaviors, such as approaching and allogrooming between J1 and B1 was high, but the agonistic actions was also quite high. The most dominant social behavior observed was approaching behavior of J1 towards B1. Reproductive behaviors such as sniffing genitalia, licking genitalia, and flehmen were observed. Reproductive behaviors between J1 and B1, that was paired, are found lower than J1 and B2. Mounting and copulation behavior were not observed."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian pada Macaca nigra di penangkaran. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi yaki yang hidup di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta melalui pengamatan perilaku makan. Penelitian pada empat individu yaki (1 jantan dan 3 betina) dilakukan selama bulan April 2013--Mei 2013 menggunakan metode scan animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Jumlah jam pengamatan setiap hari adalah 4 jam sehingga total pengamatan selama 20 hari adalah 80 jam. Jumlah titik sampel per harinya berjumlah 48 sampel sehingga total titik sampel selama 20 hari adalah 960 titik sampel. Tabulasi data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Rerata aktivitas makan harian masing-masing individu menunjukkan bahwa Jenny (betina dewasa usia 8 tahun) merupakan individu dengan rerata aktivitas makan tertinggi (60.32 ± 0.08%), diikuti dengan Nonik (betina dewasa usia 14 tahun) (58.06 ± 0.11%), Rani (betina muda usia 2 tahun) (55.05 ± 0.08%), dan Ramos (jantan dewasa usia 13 tahun) (45.27 ± 0.07%). Perbedaan frekuensi aktivitas makan antara kelompok yaki di penangkaran dengan kelompok yaki di alam menunjukkan adanya strategi adaptasi tersendiri pada kelompok yaki tersebut terhadap habitatnya.

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It has been done research on Macaca nigra in captivity. A study on adaptation strategies of yaki whose living in Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta through observation of feeding behavior. Research on four individuals yaki (1 male and 3 females) have been done during April 2013--May 2013 using the scan animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. The number of hours of observation each day is 4 hours so the total observation period of 20 days is 80 hours. Tabulation of the data presented in tables and graphs and analyzed descriptively. The mean of daily feeding activity of each individual showed that Jenny (8 years old adult female) is an individual with the highest mean feeding activity (60.32 ± 0.08%) followed by Nonik (14 years old adult female) (58.06 ± 0.11%), Rani (2 years old young female) (55.05 ± 0.08%), and Ramos (13 years old adult male) (45.27 ± 0.07%). The difference of feeding behaviour frequencies between yaki group in captivity and nature shows distinct adaptation strategy toward their habitat."

"Lutung perak (Trachypithecus cristatus) tergolong ke dalam status vulnerable berdasarkan IUCN yang menyebabkan salah satu lembaga konservasi ex-situ yakni Taman Margasatwa Ragunan berperan dalam melestarikannya. Perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang signifikan dapat memunculkan gejala stres sehingga mereka harus menyesuaikan diri di lingkungan yang baru. Dalam proses tersebut, penting untuk melihat perilaku yang dapat terdampak salah satunya perilaku pengasuhan anak (parental care). Terdapat tipe pengasuhan berupa alloparental care pada lutung perak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku pengasuhan anak pada lutung perak di luar habitat aslinya yang berada di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Terdapat 7 individu yang menjadi subjek penelitian, yaitu dua jantan dewasa, tiga betina dewasa, satu betina remaja dan satu anak lutung perak. Metode dalam penelitian ini berupa scan sampling dan ad-libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil, terdapat 9 perilaku dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi berupa feeding sebesar 15,6 kali saat hari libur satwa dan breastfeeding sebesar 14,3 kali saat akhir pekan. Secara keseluruhan pengasuhan anak lutung perak di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan tergolong baik karena tidak memunculkan perilaku agonistik.

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The silver langur (Trachypithecus cristatus) is classified as vulnerable according to the IUCN, which causes one of the ex-situ conservation institutions, Ragunan Wildlife Park, to play a role in preserving it. Significant changes in environmental conditions can lead to symptoms of stress so that they must adjust to the new environment. In this process, it is important to look at behaviors that can be affected, one of which is parental care behavior. There is a type of alloparental care in silver langurs. This study aims to analyze parenting behavior in silver langurs outside their natural habitat at the Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo. There were 7 individuals that became the subject of the study, namely two adult males, three adult females, one juvenile female and one infant silver langur. The methods in this study were scan sampling and ad-libitum sampling. Based on the results, there were 9 behaviors with the highest average value of feeding 15,6 times during animal holidays and breastfeeding 14,3 times on weekends. Overall, the parenting of silver langur children in Ragunan Wildlife Park is classified as good because it does not cause agonistic behavior."

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai perilaku pengasuhan induk betina dan jantan terhadap anak bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) di Taman Safari Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemunculan perilaku pengasuhan oleh induk betina dan jantan bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) terhadap anak di kawasan konservasi ex situ Taman Safari Bogor. Subjek pengamatan yang diamati berjumlah tiga individu bekantan yaitu, B1, B2, dan J1 yang memiliki anak berumur 8 bulan dan 20 bulan masing-masingnya. Pengamatan perilaku pengasuhan menggunakan focal animal sampling dan ad libitum dengan interval waktu 10 menit tanpa jeda. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu bulan dengan pengulangan sebanyak 10 kali untuk masing-masing individu. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan data yang setara dengan 11.100 menit waktu pengamatan di Pusat Primata. Perilaku pengasuhan didominasi oleh induk betina bekantan B1 73,4%. Perilaku pengasuhan induk betina bekantan B1 didominasi oleh aktivitas menggendong yaitu sebesar 47,1%, sedangkan induk betina bekantan B2 dan induk jantan J1 didominasi oleh aktivitas kontak tubuh dengan masing-masing 43,3% dan 41,2%. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan usia bekantan anak yang lebih besar pada bekantan anak A2 dibandingkan A1. Keterbatasan ukuran kandang yang terdapat di Pusat Primata juga dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas kontak tubuh yang terjadi pada induk jantan.

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Research has been conducted about the parenting behavior of female and male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) parents toward child in Taman Safari Bogor, West Java. The study aims to evaluate the emergence of parenting behavior of female and male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) parents to their child in Taman Safari Bogor as an ex situ conservation. Subjects observed were three individuals, B1, B2, and J1 which had children aged 8 month dan 20 month old. Observation of parenting behavior is using focal animal sampling and ad libitum method at interval 10 minutes without a break. Observations were carried out for one month with repetition 10 times for each individual. The results of the study obtained is equivalent to 11,100 minutes of observation time at the Primate Center. Parenting behavior is dominated by female parent B1 73.4%. Parenting behavior of female parent B1 is dominated by cradling activities as much as 47.1%, whereas female parent B2 and male parent J1 are dominated by body contact activities with 43.3% and 41.2%. This is due to the greater age difference in child proboscis monkey in A2 compared to A1. Limitation of the cage size located in Primate Center area can affect the body contact that occurs in the male parent.

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"Anoa dataran rendah kini berstatus terancam punah sehingga perlu dikonservasi secara ex-situ seperti di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Ditemukannya kasus perkawinan sedarah anoa di TMR mendorong mereka untuk terlibat dalam program collaborative captive breeding antarhabitat ex-situ di bawah pedoman Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik anoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku sosial dan reproduksi anoa jantan di TMR untuk mengevaluasi kesiapannya sebelum dipasangkan dengan anoa betina hasil pertukaran. Pengamatan terhadap satu ekor anoa jantan dewasa dilakukan selama 2 bulan (Januari—Maret 2024) dengan metode scan sampling dan ad libitum, mencakup 60 sampling point dari 38 hari pengamatan. Hasil menunjukkan variasi aktivitas harian dan kecenderungan berinteraksi secara sosial dan reproduktif oleh anoa jantan, ditandai dengan perilaku approaching, vocalization, dan sniffing (termasuk flehmen) meski terhalang pagar pemisah dengan anoa betina di kandang sebelahnya. Anoa jantan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan ketertarikan dan pendekatan aktif untuk berinteraksi sosial dan reproduksi, sehingga dapat mendukung potensi keberhasilan program breeding.

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The lowland anoa is an endangered species which requires ex-situ conservation efforts like those at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Inbreeding cases discovered at TMR prompted their participation in a collaborative captive breeding program guided by the Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) aimed at increasing the genetic diversity of anoa. This study focused on observing the social and reproductive behavior of a male anoa at TMR as part of evaluating his readiness to be paired with an exchange-bred female anoa. The observation of one adult male anoa was conducted for two months (January—March 2024) using scan sampling and ad libitum method, covering 60 sampling points from 38 observation days. The results revealed that male anoa engaged in various daily activities and exhibited a propensity for social and reproductive behaviors, such as approaching, vocalization, and sniffing (including flehmen), despite being separated by fences from a female anoa in the adjacent enclosure. The overall observations suggest that male anoa displayed interest and actively sought social and reproductive interactions, supporting the potential success of the breeding program."

"Pengelompokkan sosial dan kondisi lingkungan yang tercipta di kebun binatang dapat memengaruhi perilaku reproduksi gajah sumatra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis perilaku reproduksi tahap pre-copulatory sebagai perilaku diurnal pada gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus, Temminck 1847) jantan adolescence di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian dilakukan selama masa Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) level 3 di DKI Jakarta. Waktu pengamatan dimulai pukul 08.00—14.00 WIB dengan interval waktu 15 menit selama 60 hari. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah continuous focal sampling dan ad libitum untuk mengamati perilaku pre-copulatory meliputi flehmen, agonistic, reaching over, drive, erection, dan attempt mount. Penelitian pula dilakukan untuk mengamati perilaku harian dan perilaku interaksi sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku harian dan interaksi sosial tertinggi gajah sumatra jantan adolescence di TMR yaitu makan (55,26%) dan conspecific play (0,96%). Gajah sumatra jantan adolescence hanya menunjukkan perilaku flehmen kepada gajah betina yang dikandangkan bersama dengan persentase sebesar 0,114% (0,107%: alpha female; 0,007%: betina subordinat). Perilaku flehmen ditunjukkan oleh gajah jantan adolescence saat betina urinasi di hari ke-11 hingga 14. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa gajah sumatra jantan adolescence yang terdapat di TMR sudah melewati inisiasi pubertas dengan menunjukkan perilaku reproduksi pre-copulatory yaitu flehmen kepada gajah betina dewasa.

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Social groupings and environmental conditions in zoos can affect the reproductive behaviour of elephant. This study evaluated the pre-copulatory behaviour as diurnal pattern of adolescent male sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus, Temminck 1847) at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Observations have been carried out sixty days during the implementation of the third level of community activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in the DKI Jakarta province, starting from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. with an interval of 15 minutes. Continuous focal sampling and ad libitum were employed as study methods to observe the pre-copulatory behaviour, including flehmen, agonistic, reaching over, drive, erection, and attempt mount. Furthermore, the researcher observed daily and social interaction behaviour. Daily behaviour and social interaction behaviour of adolescent male sumatran elephant in TMR dominated by feeding (55.26%) and conspecific play (0.96%). The results showed that adolescent male sumatran elephant only performed flehmen behaviour to female elephant, caged together with 0.114% (0.017%: alpha female; 0.007%: subordinate female). Flehmen’s behaviour was shown by an adolescent male sumatran elephant when a female elephant urinated on days 11—14. Thus, this study reports that adolescent male sumatran elephant passed the initial of puberty by showing flehmen as precopulatory behaviour to female elephant."

"Perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus) menjadi gambaran adanya interaksi antara orangutan induk dan anaknya. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pola perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka. Peralihan habitat dari alam ke kebun binatang dapat menyebabkan perubahan perilaku salah satunya perilaku pengasuhan. Perilaku pengasuhan menjadi bagian terpenting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan orangutan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati dan menganalisis pola perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan, sehingga orangutan dapat berperilaku secara alami dan orangutan anak dapat diasuh dengan baik. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu satu orangutan induk (Mony) dan satu orangutan anak (Hope). Metode yang digunakan yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat pola pengasuhan yang terbentuk, yaitu breastfeeding, grooming, following, food sharing, protection, carried, playing, no food sharing, dan aggression. Perilaku pengasuhan tertinggi yaitu perilaku breastfeeding (32,60%), sedangkan perilaku terendah yaitu perilaku no food sharing dan aggression (0%). Pengaruh keberadaan pengunjung membuat perilaku pengasuhan yang muncul memiliki perbedaan, seperti ketika ramai pengunjung perilaku yang mendominasi (following), sedangkan ketika sepi pengunjung perilaku yang mendominasi (breastfeeding). Kesejahteraan orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka, Yogyakarta termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata 85,20. Perilaku pengasuhan yang diberikan orangutan induk sesuai dengan kondisi anaknya dimana masih usia yang belum disapih. Selain itu, terdapat pengaruh keberadaan pengunjung terhadap beberapa perilaku pengasuhan yang muncul pada orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka.

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Parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) becomes an overview of interactions between parent orangutans and their children. A study regarding the parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo has been conducted. Habitat transition from nature to the zoo can cause changes in behavior, one of which is parenting behavior. Parenting behavior becomes the most important part of the growth and development of baby orangutans. Therefore, this study aims to observe and analyze the parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans, so that orangutans can behave naturally and baby orangutans can be well cared for. The subjects of the study were one parent orangutan (Mony) and one baby orangutan (Hope). Methods used were focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Based on the results of the study, the parenting behaviors formed were breastfeeding, grooming, following, food sharing, protection, carried, playing, no food sharing, and aggression. The highest parenting behavior was breastfeeding (32,60%), while one lowest parenting behavior was no food sharing and aggression (0%). The influence of visitors made parenting behavior different. When there were many visitors, the dominating behavior was following, while when there were no visitors, the dominating behavior was breastfeeding. The welfare of Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta is included in a very good category with an average score of 85,20. The parenting behavior given by parent orangutans is in accordance with the babies’ conditions, which are not weaned yet. Moreover, there is an influence of visitors on some parenting behavior that appear in Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo."

"Harimau sumatra menurut IUCN merupakan hewan dengan status terancam punah (Critically endangered), sehingga untuk mencegah dari kepunahan, dibutuhkan peningkatan populasi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati dan menganalisis perilaku sosial dari harimau sumatra jantan dan betina yang mengarah pada perilaku reproduksi. Pengambilan data diambil menggunakan metode focal sampling dan ad libitum. Dilakukan selama tiga jam per hari dan interval lima menit dengan ulangan 18 hari, mulai dari April hingga Mei 2023. Subjek penelitan adalah harimau sumatra jantan dan betina di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melihat perilaku sosial yang mengarah ke perilaku reproduksi pada harimau sumatra. Pengamatan dilakukan pada kandang tidur dengan adanya pemisah antara harimau sumatra jantan dan betina. Hasil yang di dapat dari penelitian ini adalah adanya perbedaan perilaku sosial pada kedua harimau sumatra. Perbedaan perilaku meliputi interaksi jantan mendekati betina (11,61±7,32), betina mendekati jantan (1±0), vokalisasi (102,6±35,59), menggeram (136,72±84,16), dan sifat agresif (27,08±20,78). Terdapat korelasi suhu dan kelembaban terhadap salah satu perilaku sosial harimau sumatra betina (Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05) yaitu perilaku interaksi betina terhadap jantan (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,044). Harimau sumatra jantan dan betina menunjukkan perilaku sosial seperti, adanya interaksi, vokalisasi, dan agresivitas, namun tidak di dapat perilaku sosial yang mengarah kepada perilaku reproduksi.

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IUCN has declared that Sumatran tiger has a status of critically endanger species and so to prevent it from extinction the raise of population is needed. This study aims to observed and analyze the social behavior of male and female sumatran tiger. This study also aims to observe if the social behavior will lead to reproductive behavior. The observation method use in this study is focal sampling, with addition of adlibitum. Data was collected by observing the social behavior that lead to reproductive behavior of sumatran tiger for 3 hours and five minute interval per day with 18 repetitions, starting from April to May 2023. The research subject were male sumatran tiger and female sumatran tiger in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Observation were carried out in sleeping cages with a separation between male and female tiger. The result of this study were that there are differences of social behavior between male and female tiger including, male approach it’s conspecies (11,61±7,32), female approach it’s conspecies (1±0), vocalization (102,6±35,59, growling (136,72±84,16), and aggressive behavior (27,08±20,78). There is a correlation between temperature and humidity on one of the female sumatran tiger’s social behavior (Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05) on female approach it’s conspecies (Sig. (2- tailed) = 0,044). Both male and female sumatran tiger shown social behavior including, interaction between each other, vocalization, and aggressive behavior but no social behavior that lead to reproductive behavior."