Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penambahan substrat sampah makanan dan limbah minyak dan lemak berpotensi menghasilkan akumulasi VFA yang berdampak kepada ketidakseimbangan proses AD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesesuaian limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi yang dioperasikan menggunakan AD terhadap parameter kualitas efluen dengan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara akumulasi VFA dan LCFA dalam pembentukan biogas dan VSD. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 245 hari menggunakan Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR dengan kapasitas 400 L dengan rata-rata suhu 29 0,90 C dan pH 6,2 0,71. Reaktor dioperasikan dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 Kg VS/m3.2-3hari dan pengadukan 30 rpm selama 4 jam/hari. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga variasi, yang terdiri dari variasi 1 sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 9:1, variasi 2 limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 1:7, dan variasi 3 limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 1:2. Pada kondisi steady state, Variasi 1 menunjukan rata-rata reduksi COD 54,24 7,11 ; VSD 75,8 6,47 ; amonia 1,17 6,74 ; dan pH 6,0 3,87. Penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak dengan variasi 2 menunjukan hasil pengujian yang berbeda secara signifikan dengan variasi 1 yang ditandai dengan uji test-T dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95. Hasil pengujian varasi 2 menunjukan rata-rata reduksi COD mencapai 57,6 6,9 ; VSD 88,9 5,49 ; amonia 1,08 11,55 ; pH 5,82 3,6 , dan rasio VFA/TA akhir proses dengan nilai 0,36 yang menunjukan proses AD berjalan stabil dan tidak ada akumulasi VFA dan LCFA. Sedangkan variasi 3 lebih efisien dalam mengolah limbah minyak dan lemak menggunakan reaktor AD sampah makanan yang dibuktikan dengan reduksi COD diatas 50 dengan range 52,21 ndash; 68,27, rata-rata VSD 93,46, rasio VFA/TA akhir proses 0,69 yang menunjukan ada beberapa ketidakstabilan akan terjadi pada proses AD, akan tetapi, tetap tidak terjadi akumulasi VFA pada dan LCFA pada variasi 3, serta menghasilkan volume biogas tertinggi hingga 980 L/hari.

---

The addition of food waste substrate and waste oils and fats has the potential to produce VFA accumulation which has an impact on the imbalance of the AD process. This research was aimed to determine the suitability between of fat, oil, and grease FOG wastes, and food waste and cow mannure that was operated using AD on effluent quality parameter by identifying the relationship between VFA and LCFA accumulation in the formation of biogas and VSD. This research was conducted for 245 days used Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR with it area of capacity 400 by its averages temperature and pH, were 29 0,90 C and pH 6,2 0,71, respectively. To operate the reactor using Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 Kg VS m3.2 3day and steering 30 rpm for 4 hours day. The study consisted of three variations, consisting of variation 1 food waste and cow mannure in the ratio of 9 1 , variation 2 waste of fat, oil, and grease with food waste and cow mannure in the ratio of 1 7 , and variation 3 waste of fat, oil, and grease with food waste and cow mannure with a ratio of 1 2. In steady state conditions, Variation 1 shows the average COD reduction reached 54,24 7,11 VSD 75.81 6,47 ammonia 1,17 6,74 and pH 6,0 3,87, respectively. The addition of FOG waste with variation 2 have significantly different test results with variation 1 characterized by a test T with a 95 confidence level. The test results of variation 2 obtained that the average reduction of COD reached 57,6 6,9 VSD 88,9 5,49 ammonia 1,08 11,55 pH 5,82 3,6, and a final process VFA TA ratio of 0,36 indicating that the AD process is stable and there is no accumulation of VFA and LCFA, respectively. While the addition of FOG waste variation 3 more efficient in treating FOG waste using AD reagent food waste as evidenced by the reduction of COD above 50 with a range of 52.21 68.27 and average VSD 93.46, a final process VFA TA ratio of 0,69 indicates that some instability will occur in the AD process, however, there is no VFA accumulation in and LCFA in variation 3 with produce highest biogas volume up to 980 L day. "

"Sampah organik sebagian besar berasal dari sampah makanan yang menyebabkan karakteristiknya memiliki konsentrasi nitrogen dan lemak tinggi, kelembaban tinggi. Limbah domestik di Indonesia memiliki karakteristik kandungan organik yang sesuai dengan kondisi anaerobik. Limbah minyak dan lemak dapat membantu dalam proses AD yang dijadikan sebagai ko-substrat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja reaktor dry anaerobic digestion sampah makanan dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak terhadap kinerja reaktor dry anaerobic digestion. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR dengan volume terisi 400 L yang beroperasi pada suhu rata-rata 27,8 1,07oC.Penelitian operasi skenario pertama dilakukan dengan input substrat sampah makanan dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 kg VS/m3 selama 43 hari dan diaduk menggunakan variasi intensitas pengadukan 30 rpm dan 60 rpm secara konstan.Operasi skenario kedua dilakukan selama 59 hari menggunakan substrat sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi banding limbah Fat Oil and Grease FOG dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR yang sama dengan skenario pertama dan diaduk menggunakan intensitas 30 rpm secara konstan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara input substrat sampah makanan dengan penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak.

---

Organic waste mostly comes from food waste that has characteristics of high concentrations of nitrogen and fat, high humidity. Domestic waste in Indonesia has characteristics of organic content which is suitable with anaerobic conditions. Waste oil and fat can help in the process of AD which is used as co substrate.

This research is intended to analyze the performance of dry anaerobic digestion reactor of food waste and analyze the effect of oil and waste addition on dry anaerobic digestion reactor performance. The research was conducted using Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR with a volume of 400 L applied at an average temperature of 27.8 1.07oC.

The first scenario operation study was performed with food waste substrate input with Organic Loading rate OLR is 10 kg VS m3 for 43 days and stirred using constantly strirring intensity variation of 30 rpm and 60 rpm.

The second scenario operation was conducted for 59 days using food waste and cow dung substrate of Fat Oil and Grease waste FOG with Organic Loading Rate OLR which is similar to the first scenario and stirred using constant 30 rpm intensity.

The results of study showed that there was a significant difference between the input of food waste substrate with the addition of Fat Oil and Grease p."

"Organic waste mostly comes from food waste, which has characteristics of high concentrations of nitrogen and fat, and high humidity. Domestic waste in Indonesia has a high organic content, which is suitable for anaerobic conditions. Waste oil and fat can be used as co-substrates and are helpful in yielding biogas in an anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The aim of this research is to analyze the performance of a food waste dry anaerobic digestion reactor after the addition of fat oil and grease (FOG) waste. The research was conducted using a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor (SCSTR) with an active volume of 400 L, operated at an average temperature of 27.8±1.07oC. Two experimental scenarios were performed, using varying types of food waste, food waste with cow dung as substrate, and FOG waste as co-substrate. The experiment was conducted using an Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of approximately 10 kg VS/m3, with a constant mixing intensity of 30 rpm. The results show that there was a significant difference between the input of food waste substrate with and without the addition of FOG (p<0.05). The average reduction of volatile solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the substrate input with FOG addition was higher than without the addition. The mean percentages of COD removal and VS reduction in the substrate input with FOG addition were 63.3±2.71% and 89.30±1.55%, whereas those for substrate input without FOG addition were 59.45±4% and 77.65±1.46%, respectively. The study concludes that the use of FOG as a co-substrate in a dry AD food waste reactor is not only beneficial in reducing FOG waste generation, but also has a significant impact on reducing COD and VS, which can enhance potential biogas yield."

"Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengonsumsi makanan mengandung minyak dan lemak menjadi pemicu peningkatan timbulan limbah minyak dan lemak serta nilai COD dan VS air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi biogas dan rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan yang paling optimum.Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 42 hari inkubasi pada suhu 37˚C dengan tiga variasi rasio VS limbah minyak dan lemak dan sampah makanan yaitu 1:7, 1:2, dan 1:1 dengan metode biochemical methane potential. Limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki karakteristik COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, dan VS 759 g/L.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki potensi menghasilkan biogas tertinggi melalui proses anaerobic co- digestion dengan sampah makanan dan menghasilkan 485 mLCH4/grVS dari variasi 1:7. Sementara variasi rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan 1:2 dan 1:1 hanya menghasilkan 128 dan 4 mLCH4/grVS.

---

Tendency of Indonesian people to eat foods containing oils dan fats trigger increasing in generation of fat, oil, and grease waste and increasing in wastewater?s COD and VS. This research is conducted to know potential of fat, oil, and grease and its ratio with food waste that obtain the highest biogas production through biochemical methane potential method.

The research was conducted over 42 days incubation at 37˚C including three variation of volatile solids (VS) ratio of fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste, that is 1:7, 1:2, and 1:1. As co- substrate of the anaerobic co- digestion process, fat, oil, and grease characteristics are COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, and VS 759 g/L.

Result showed that fat, oil, and grease waste has potential to produce biogas through anaerobic co- digestion process with food waste and produce 485 mLCH4/grVS as the highest methane yield of 1:7 ratio. While the variation of ratio fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste at 1:2 and 1:1 only produce 128 and 4 mLCH4/grVS, respectively."

"ABSTRAKPermasalahan sampah dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan sistem digestasi anaerobik. Sampah makanan mengandung banyak kandungan organik serta limbah ikan yang kaya akan lemak yang dapat berfungsi sebagai substrat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan rasio C/N dan pH dengan komposisi gas, hubungan logam ringan dan LCFAs sebagai faktor penghambat dengan komposisi gas, dan mengetahui fluktuasi pembebanan COD. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sistem batch menggunakan dua digester (A perbandingan sampah makanan dan limbah ikan 70:30 dan B 50:50) dengan variabel rasio C/N, komposisi gas, pH, logam ringan, LCFAs, dan COD. Hasil yang didapat ialah rasio C/N berkisar 8,6-11,1; pH berkisar 3,1-5,7; komposisi gas menunjukkan tidak ada metana dan yang mendominasi adalah karbon dioksida berkisar 23-64% dan 11-66% pada digester A dan B. Terdapat kandungan logam ringan, pada digester A dan B masing-masing Mg 82,01 mg/L dan 86,16 mg/L; Ca 647,98 mg/L dan 1231,62 mg/L; K 777,88 mg/L dan 734,50 mg/L; Na 1261,7 mg/L dan 1191,98 mg/L. Terdapat kandungan LCFAs, pada digester A dan B masing-masing asam oleat 29,23% dan 38,86%; asam palmitat 25,09% dan 40,04%; asam miristat 0,75% dan 1,39%. Konsentrasi COD untuk digester A dan B berkisar 28.339 – 47.373 mg/L dan 23.616 – 49.866 mg/L. Hasil menunjukkan proses masih berada pada tahap asidogenesis. Adanya kandungan logam ringan di atas ambang batas optimum dan kandungan LCFAs di dalam substrat menjadi penghambat bagi terbentuknya metana.

---

ABSTRACTWaste problem can be reduced by using anaerobic digestion system. Food waste contains high organic and fish waste that is rich in fatty and can be useful as substrate. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship of C/N ratio and pH with gas composition, relationship of light metals and LCFAs as inhibitor variables with gas composition, and to investigate fluctuation of COD loading. This study was conducted with a batch system using two digesters (with A with substrate comparison food waste and fish waste 70:30 and B 50:50) with variables C/N ratio, gas composition, pH, light metals, LCFAs, and COD. The results are C/N ratio ranged from 8.6-11.1; pH ranged from 3.1-5.7; gas composition showed no methane and dominated by carbon dioxide ranging from 23-64% and 11-66% for digester A and B. There are light metals content, the digester A and B contained Mg 82.01 mg/L and 86.16 mg/L; Ca 647.98 mg/L and 1231.62 mg/L; K 777.88 mg/L and 734.50 mg/L; Na 1261.7 mg/L and 1191.98 mg/L. There are LCFAs content, the digester A and B contained oleic acid 29.23% and 38.86%; palmitic acid 25.09% and 40.04%; miristic acid 0.75% and 1.39%. Concentration of COD for digester A and B ranged from 28,339 – 47,373 mg/L and 23,616 – 49,866 mg/L. The results indicate the process is still at the acidogenesis stage. There are high concentration of light metals and LCFAs in substrate become inhibitor to the formation methane."

"ABSTRAKAnaerobic Digestionadalah teknologi alternatifuntuk mengolah sampah makanan. Namun proses AD dapat dipengaruhi beberapa elemen yang dapat bersifat racun. Salah satunya adalah sodium, kandungan sodium dalam sampah makanan dengan kosentrasi > 3.100 mg/L berpotensi mengakibatkan inhibisi yang berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan proses AD dengan indikator pembentukan VFA dan penghilangan PCOD. Inhibisi sodium dapat dikendalikan dengan magnesium karena ion logam magnesium memiliki efek berlawanan terhadap inhibisi sodium dengan mereduksi konsentrasi VFA dan meningkatkan persentase penyisihan COD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan magnesium terhadap VFA dan PCOD pada tahap hidrolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan single stagereactor berkapasitas 848 L selama 192 hari. Pada tahap penelitian yang dilakukan selama 50 hari, reaktor diisi substrat 5 hari dalam seminggu dengan Organic Loading Rate(OLR) 10 kg VS/m3dalam 2 fase pengisian, fase kontrol dan fase uji. Pada fase kontrol reaktor hanya diisi substrat, sedangkan pada fase uji, selain substrat, magnesium (MgSO4) ditambahkan sebanyak 170 gr/hari. Pada kondisi steady state, fase kontrol menunjukkan rata-rata penyisihan COD 94,2 ± 3,34%, SCOD 98 ± 1%, PCOD 94 ± 3,6%, serta pembentukan VFA 1.800 ± 200 mg/L dan laju hidrolisis 6,92 ± 0,32 mg.PCOD/L/d. Penambahan MgSO4 pada fase uji menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) pada pembentukan VFA menjadi 1.066 ± 57,7 mg/L. Sedangkan rata-rata penyisihan COD, SCOD, dan PCOD tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0,05) dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 84,7 ± 6,8%; 96 ± 1%; 83,3 ± 7,3%. Laju hidrolisis pada fase uji juga tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan menjadi 6,24 ± 0,57 mg.PCOD/L/d. Penelitian ini juga meninjau hubungan antara parameter VFA dan PCOD dengan laju hidrolisis. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tingkat korelasi yang kuat (P = 0,67) antara parameter VFA terhadap laju hidrolisis, sedangkan hasil uji parameter PCOD menunjukkan tingkat korelasi sedang (P = 0,41) terhadap laju hidrolisis. Saat laju hidrolisis tinggi maka tingkat pembentukan VFA dan penyisihan PCOD meningkat

---

ABSTRACTAnaerobic Digestion is an alternative technology used for treating food waste. But the AD process can be influenced by several elements that can be toxic. One of them is sodium, the sodium content in food waste with a concentration of > 3.100 mg/L has the potential to cause inhibition which results in an imbalance of the AD process with indicators of VFA formation and PCOD removal. Sodium inhibition can be controlled with magnesium because magnesium metal ions have the opposite effect on sodium inhibition by reducing VFA concentration and increasing the percentage of COD removal. This study aims to analyze the effect of magnesium addition on VFA and PCOD at the hydrolysis stage. This research was conducted with a 848 L capacity single stage reactor for 128 days. In the research stage carried out for 50 days, the reactor is filled with substrate 5 days a week with Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 10 kg VS / m3 with 2 filling phases, control phase and test phase. In the control phase, the reactor is only filled with substrate, while in the test phase, in addition to the substrate, magnesium (MgSO4) is added as much as 170 gr/day. In steady state conditions, the control phase shows the average COD removal 94.2 ± 3.34%, SCOD 98 ± 1%, PCOD 94 ± 3.6%, and formation of VFA 1,800 ± 200 mg/L and hydrolysis rate 6.92 ± 0.32 mg.PCOD/L/d. The addition of MgSO4in the test phase showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the formation of VFA to 1,066 ± 57.7 mg/L. While the average allowance for COD, SCOD, and PCOD did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) with a value of 84.7 ± 6.8% respectively; 96 ± 1%; 83.3 ± 7.3%. The hydrolysis rate in the test phase also did not show a significant difference to 6.24 ± 0.57 mg.PCOD/L/d. This study also reviewed the relationship between VFA and PCOD parameters with the hydrolysis rate. Correlation test results showed a strong level of correlation (P = 0.67) between VFA parameters on the rate of hydrolysis, while the PCOD parameter test results showed a moderate correlation level (P = 0.41) to the rate of hydrolysis. Therefore, when the hydrolysis rate is high, the level of VFA formation and PCOD removal increases."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai pemanfaatan limbah sebagai bahan uji dalam digester anaerobik. Percobaan dilakukan dengan pengujian di laboratorium, meliputi karakteristik awal substrat (Feedstock), seperti rasio C/N, konsentrasi Total Solids (TS) dan Volatile Solids (VS), serta pH dan suhu. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali secara batch. Karakteristik slurry yang ditinjau meliputi pH, suhu, konsentrasi TS dan VS, dan efisiensi Volatile Solids Destruction (VSD). Konsentrasi awal VS/TS substrat dari digester A dan B (komposisi substrat sampah makanan : limbah ikan masing-masing 70 : 30 dan 50 : 50) dalam percobaan ketiga masing-masing adalah sebesar 57.720/62.500 dan 52.140/59.100 mg/L. Efisiensi VSD hari ke-32 dari digester A dan B dalam percobaan ketiga masing-masing sebesar 29,23 dan 39,01%. Korelasi antara efisiensi VSD terhadap laju produksi biogas kumulatif dari digester A dan B dalam percobaan ketiga didapatkan korelasi positif masing-masing sebesar 0,814 dan 0,962. Hasil perhitungan dengan pendekatan model first order reaction menunjukkan konstanta (k) kecepatan degradasi substrat VS dalam percobaan ketiga dari digester A adalah 0,0078/hari dan digester B adalah 0,0209/hari.

---

ABSTRACTThis experimental research discusses the utilization of waste as substrate in anaerobic digesters. Research methods were conducted by laboratory testing, included baseline characteristics of the substrate (Feedstock), such as C/N ratio, Total Solids (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS) concentration, as well as pH and temperature. The research was conducted three times in a batch. The characteristics of slurry that were reviewed included pH, temperature, TS and VS concentration, and Volatile Solids Destruction (VSD) efficiency. Initial VS/TS concentration of substrate of the digester A and B (substrate compositions of food waste : fish waste were 70 : 30 and 50 : 50, respectively) in the third trial, respectively, were 57,720/62,500 and 52,140/59,100 mg/L. VSD efficiency on the 32nd day of the digester A and B in the third trial were 29.23 and 39.01%, respectively. The correlation between VSD efficiency and cumulative biogas production rate of the digester A and B in the third trial found a positive correlation, respectively, were 0.814 and 0.962. The calculation results with the first order reaction model approach showed the VS substrate degradation rate constant (k) in the third trial of the digester A was 0.0078/day and digester B was 0.0209/day."

"Anaerobic digestion(AD) dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengolah limbah organik. Pengadukan dalam AD dapat meningkatkan kinerja proses di dalam AD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengadukan terhadap pembentukan biogas dari degradasi TS dan VS pada AD dengan menggunakan pengadukan dengan kecepatan 30 rpm selama 4 jam/hari dibandingkan dengan AD tanpa pengadukan. Perbandingan substrat sampah makanan dan feses sapi yang digunakan adalah 9:1 dan organic loading rate (OLR) 7,83 kg VS/m3-hari. Operasional reaktor menggunakan 2 buah dry AD satu tahap dengan volume 51 L dalam kondisi suhu mesofilik selama 31 hari. Hasil uji menunjukkan substrat cocok untuk dry AD dengan total solids (TS) sebesar 20,50-28,5%; nilai volatile solid (VS) 86,75-87,53%TS; rasio C/N sebesar 14,12-16,35 dan tingkat inhibitor <3.000 mg/L amonia.Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyisihan COD pada reaktor dengan pengadukan 66,2±11,0% sedangkan pada reaktor tanpa pengadukan 58,4±17,4%. Penyisihan TS dan VS pada reaktor dengan pengadukan 59,6±7,11% dan 5,71±3,56% sedangkan pada reaktor tanpa pengadukan 64,8±4,80% dan 8,10±2,31%. Perhitungan produksi biogas dari degradasi TS dan VS pada reaktor pengadukan lebih tinggi dengan 2,77±0,57 L CH4/kg VS dibandingkan dari reaktor tanpa pengadukan 2,35±0,37 L CH4/kg VS.Untuk mendapat kesimpulan dilakukan uji statistik dengan hasil statistik menunjukan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara produksi biogas pada reaktor dengan pengadukan dan tanpa pengadukan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengadukan tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan TS, VS, COD, dan produksi biogas.

---

Anaerobic digestion (AD) can be a solution in treating organic waste. Stirring in AD can improve process performance in AD. This study aims to analyze the effect of stirring on biogas formation with degradation of TS and VS in AD using stirring at a speed of 30 rpm for 4 hours per day compared with an AD without stirring. The comparison of food waste substrate and cow feces used was 9:1 and organic loading rate (OLR) 7.83 kg VS/m3-day. The reactor operation uses 2 dry AD one stage with a volume of 51 L in mesophilic conditions for 31 days. The test results show that the substrate is suitable for dry AD with total solids (TS) of 20.50-28.5%; volatile solid (VS) value of 86.75-87.53% TS; C/N ratio of 14.12-16.35; and inhibitor level <3,000 mg/L of ammonia.

The results showed that removal of COD in the reactor with stirring 66.2±11.0% while in the reactor without stirring 58.4±17.4%. The removal for TS and VS in the reactor with stirring 59.6±7.11% and 5.71±3.56% while in the reactor without stirring 64.8±4.80% and 8.10±2.31%. Meanwhile, biogas production from TS and VS degradation in the stirring reactor produce higher volume of biogas with 2.77±0.57 L CH4/kg VS compared to biogas production from the reactor without stirring which 2.35±0.37 L CH4/kg VS.

To conclude, a statistical test was performed with the results of statistics showing that there was no significant difference between the production of biogas in the reactor with stirring and without stirring. This study concluded that stirring had no effect on decreasing TS, VS, COD, and biogas production."

"Indonesia merupakan negara maritim yang memiliki kurang lebih 62.388 Unit Pengolahan Ikan (UPI) yang tersebar di Indonesia. Dalam pengelolaan hasil laut, limbah hasil pengolahan ikan memiliki proporsi 30‒40% dari total berat ikan yang terdiri dari padatan dan cairan yang dapat menjadi ancaman bagi lingkungan dan sumber eutrofikasi di pesisir, jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Anaerobic Digester (AD) dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif pengolahan sebagai penghasil biogas dan limbah ikan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substratnya, namun terdapat beberapa kekurangan yaitu memiliki Long-Chain Fatty Acids dan konsentrasi logam ringan yang tinggi, sehingga menggangu bakteri metanogen, serta dapat mendegradasi protein yang menyebabkan konsentrasi tinggi amoniak bebas (NH3). Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan susbtrat lain dengan variasi rasio menggunakan komposisi massa substrat limbah ikan, sampah makanan, kotoran sapi, dan serbuk gergaji yaitu 40:40:15:5 (reaktor A) dan 30:30:20:20 (reaktor B). OLR yang digunakan yaitu 2,5 kg VS/m3.hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Al Hikam, Depok selama 15 hari dalam kondisi mesofilik menggunakan 2 (dua) reaktor skala pilot berkapasitas 1.200 L. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis reduksi padatan dan logam ringan, serta produktivitas dan komposisi biogas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan eksperimental skala pilot. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistic 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reaktor A dan B (secara berurutan) mampu mereduksi padatan sebesar 97,42±0,76% dan 97,95±0,21%; reduksi logam Natrium (Na) 91,56±0,66% dan 73,85%±5,73%, Calcium (Ca) 99,55±0.22% dan 99,52±0.04%, Kalium (K) 94,89±0,51% dan 91,56±0,23%, Magnesium (Mg) 95,08±0,64% dan 96,77±0,39%; menghasilkan volume biogas 190,73±L/kg.VS dan 205,74±72,94 L/kg.VS; methane yield 122,36±32,85 L.CH4/kg.VS dan 131,76±45,78 L.CH4/kg. Pengukuran komposisi gas CH4 64,19±5,24% dan 64,12±2,03%, CO2 35,57±5,20% dan 35,79±2,02%, H2S 0,24±0,10% dan 0,08±0,09%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara variasi rasio komposisi massa substrat reaktor A dan B terhadap volume dan komposisi gas, serta reduksi padatan dan logam ringan.

---

Indonesia is a maritime nation with roughly 62,388 Fish Processing Units (UPI) dispersed throughout the nation. In marine product management, fish processing waste has a proportion of 30‒40% of the total fish weight consisting of solids and liquids that can be a threat to the environment and a source of eutrophication on the coast, if not managed properly. The anaerobic digester (AD) is a viable alternative for biogas production because it can utilize fish waste as a substrate. However, it has certain disadvantages, including the presence of high levels of light metals and long-chain fatty acids, which can disrupt the methanogen bacteria and break down proteins that raise free ammonia (NH3) concentrations. Thus, another substrate was added to this study in a different ratio based on the mass composition of sawdust, food waste, cow dung, and fish waste substrates, specifically 40:40:15:5 (reactor A) and 30:30:20:20 (reactor B). The OLR used is 2.5 kg VS/m3.day. This study used 2 (two) 1,200 L pilot-scale reactors with mesophilic conditions over a 15-day period at the Al Hikam Student Islamic Boarding School in Depok. This study aims to analyze the reduction of solids and light metals, as well as the productivity and composition of biogas. The research methods used are quantitative descriptive approaches and pilot scale experiments. Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistic 25 software. The results showed reactors A and B (respectively) were able to reduce solids by 97.42±0.76% and 97.95±0.21%; metal reduction Sodium (Na) 91.56±0.66% and 73.85%±5.73%, Calcium (Ca) 99.55±0.22% and 99.52±0.04%, Potassium (K) 94.89±0.51% and 91.56±0.23%, Magnesium (Mg) 95.08±0.64% and 96.77±0.39%; resulting in a biogas volume of 190.73±L/kg. VS and 205.74±72.94 L/kg. VS; methane yield 122.36±32.85 L.CH4/kg. VS and 131.76±45.78 L.CH4/kg. Measurement of CH4 gas composition 64.19±5.24% and 64.12±2.03%, CO2 35.57±5.20% and 35.79±2.02%, H2S 0.24±0.10% and 0.08±0.09%. The results showed no significant difference between variations in the ratio of mass composition of reactor substrates A and B to gas volume and composition, as well as reduction of solids and light metals."

"ABSTRAKSampah rumah tangga yang sebagian besar berupa sampah makanan masih mendominasi timbulan sampah di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, Indonesia juga mengalami krisis energi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu teknologi ramah lingkungan yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan dan menghasilkan energi terbarukan. Salah satu alternatif penyelesaian permasalahan ini adalah dengan penerapan dry Anerobic Digester (AD). Pemilihan sistem dry utamanya adalah karena kebutuhan airnya yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan sistem lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaktor anaerobik batch selama 45 hari dengan volume 130 liter. Suhu operasi reaktor adalah pada rentang mesofilik. Substrat yang digunakan adalah sampah makanan kantin dan inokulum yang digunakan adalah efluen anaerobic digester. Terjadi penurunan produksi metana teoritis seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi amonia. Adanya indikasi toksisitas amonia dimana konsentrasi amonia mencapai 1.088 mg/L pada pH 7,9. Didapatkan efektifitas reaktor dry anaerobic digester adalah sebesar 43,85% destruksi volatile solid (VS) dan 27,34% destruksi chemical oxygen demand (COD). Rata-rata produksi metana teoritis adalah 0,14 L CH4 / gram VS feedstock

---

ABSTRACTHousehold waste which consist largely amount of food waste, still dominates waste generation in Indonesia. On the other hand, Indonesia is also experiencing an energy crisis. Therefore environmentally friendly technology that can solve problems and generate renewable energy is needed. One alternative that can solve the problems is by the application of dry Anerobic Digester (AD). Selection of dry system is mainly because of its water reqirements is less than with other systems. Research carried out by anaerobic batch reactor for 45 days with a volume of 130 liters. The substrate used was cafeteria food waste and inoculum used is the anaerobic digester effluent. The theoretical methane production decrease due to the increased concentration of ammonia. The indication of the toxicity of ammonia in which the ammonia concentration reached 1088 mg / L at pH 7.9. Obtained effectiveness of dry anaerobic digester reactor was amounted to 43.85% VS destruction and 27.34% COD destruction. The average theoretical methane production was 0.14 L CH4 / g VS feedstock."