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"Latar belakang :Pekerja sektor informal pinggir jalan adalah salah satu golongan pekerja yang kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Perkembangannya di Jakarta semakin pesat seiring berjalannya waktu. Hasil studi sebelumnya menunjukkan terdapat 46,7 pekerja sektor informal tepi jalan pengecat mobil mengalami gangguan fungsi paru, namun hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai penyakit infeksi pada pekerja informal pinggir jalan. Prevalensi TB pada masyarakat dewasa di DKI Jakarta adalah 0,6 , lebih tinggi dari prevalensi TB pada masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya dan tertinggi kedua setelah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi penyakit tuberkulosis paru pada pekerja informal pinggir jalan dan hubungannya dengan pajanan logam berat di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Metode :Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 responden. Digunakan data sekunder dari penelitian lain, berupa hasil pengukuran logam Cd, Cr dan Pb dalam darah. Variabel bebas lainnya adalah karakteristik pekerja dan karakteristik pekerjaan. TB ditentukan dengan data hasil pemeriksaan Rontgen Thoraks dan atau Pemeriksaan BTA serta riwayat penyakit Tuberkulosis dalam masa kerja. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Hasil : Prevalensi TB paru pada pekerja informal pinggir jalan adalah 18,75 . Ditemukan satu variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan TB paru, yaitu status gizi kurang OR = 73,00; 95 CI = 15,72-338,96 . Kesimpulan dan saran : Dengan demikian, maka disarankan kepada pihak terkait diantaranya Dinas Kesehatan dan Dinas Tenaga Kerja untuk melakukan upaya promotif dan preventif agar kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja para pekerja sektor informal terutama pinggir jalan dapat lebih baik. Serta pemantauan pengoabatan TB terutama pada pekerja agar dapat dilaksanakan dengan tuntas.

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Background We see that informal workers is one of group worker that has lack of concern by government of example, whereas the amount of them grow so fast by time. A study at different place showed that 46,7 of roadside car painting workers experienced lungfunction disorder. But there is no study that analyze disease caused by infection among the roadside informal workers, for example tuberkulosis. Prevalence of TB among adult in DKI Jakarta province is 0,6 , higher than TB prevalence in Indonesia, and Jakarta has the second highest prevalence after West Java Province. The aim of the study is to know the prevalence of TB among the roadside informal workers, anad the association between heavy metal exposure with the incidence of tuberkulosis on roadside informal workers in Jakarta. Method The design of this study is cross sectional design. There were 96 of respondens were studied. This study was use secondary data from other study, that is heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr levels in their blood. The independent variables in this research are job and worker characteristics. And this study analysis use SPSS 20 version. Result Prevalence that have tuberkulosis of the roadside informal workers is 18,75 . One variable had significant association with tuberkulosis, it is nutritional status of the roadside informal workers OR 72,000 95 CI 15,722 338,957. Summary Therefore suggested to District Health Office and to increase the promotif and preventive effort for better health and safety status of roadside informal workers. "

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia yang insidennya terus meningkat. Pajanan logam berat diketahui mempunyai efek gangguan kesehatan apabila terpajan dalam konsentrasi yang cukup, termasuk gangguan sistem kardiovaskular. Pajanan logam berat merupakan risiko yang harus dihadapi banyak pekerja. Pekerja sektor informal merupakan kelompok pekerja yang kurang mendapat perlindungan, sehingga lebih berisiko untuk mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara pajanan logam berat terhadap peningkatan skor Framingham pada pekerja sektor informal.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 96 pekerja informal laki laki yang dipilih secara konsekutif, di area pinggir jalan raya. Pada seluruh sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar logam kadmium, kromium dan timbal dalam darah serta pemeriksaan laboratorium lainnya yang diperlukan untuk menghitung skor Framingham.Hasil : Kadar logam kromium dan timbal dalam darah pada semua menunjukkan nilai di bawah Indeks Pajanan Biologis IPB , sedangkan kadar Kadmium pada 5 pekerja menunjukkan nilai di atas IPB. Ada 13 pekerja 13,5 yang Skor Framingham termasuk golongan risiko tinggi. Ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara pajanan kadmium dengan skor Framingham OR 12,15, 95 CI 1,80-81,72 , serta adanya korelasi lemah yang signifikan dengan nilai r pearson sebesar 0,23. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan kadar logam lainnya, faktor individu dan faktor pekerjaan lain dengan skor Framingham.Kesimpulan: Pajanan logam Kadmium di atas IPB meningkatkan risiko skor Framingham tinggi sebesar 12 kali, meskipun korelasi lemah 23,5 . Pajanan logam berat kromium dan timbal tidak ditemukan hubungan dengan peningkatan skor Framingham.

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Background Coronary Artery Disease is the number one cause of death globally more people die annually from Coronary Artery Disease. Heavy metal exposure has proven to be a major threat to health risk, including cardiovascular disorders at sufficient concentration. Many workers are exposed to heavy metals and informal workers belong to the unprotected population, therefore are at higher risk to have health problems. The aim of this study is to know the relationship between heavy metal cadmium, chromium, lead exposure and risk of coronary heart disesase using Framingham score among informal workers.Method The design of this study was cross sectional with 96 informal workers as sample. Cadmium, Chromium and Lead blood levels were measured and other laboratorium examination was conducted that are needed to calculate the Framingham Score.Results Chromium and Lead blood levels, were all below their Biologic Exposure Index BEI , 5 workers had Cadmium blood above the BEI , 13 workers had a high risk Framingham score 13,5 . Framingham risk score was significantly associated with Cadmium exposure with OR 12,15 , 95 CI 1,80 81,72. Pearson correlation between blood cadmium and Framingham score was significant with r 23,5 weak correlation .Conclusion A positive correlation was found between blood cadmium with Framingham score 23,5 . Chromium ad Lead blood levels had no association with Framingham score."

"This title discusses various effects of heavy metal exposure to legumes as well as the bioremediation potential of rhizosphere microbes. Availability of heavy metals, their uptake and the effects of metals on various signaling pathways within legumes are presented. Furthermore, the effects of heavy metals to nitrogen fixing microorganisms and how microsymbionts can overcome metal stress is presented in detail. The role of nitrogen fixers in decontamination of heavy metal toxicity, mycoremediation of metal contaminated soils, microbially mediated transformation of heavy metals and action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fixers together in detoxifying heavy metals are broadly explained."

"ABSTRACTSerapan logam berat tiga jenis sayuran air yaitu Genjer(Limnocharis flava), Kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) dan Selada air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br) diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan gizinya. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi logam berat yang berpotensi terakumulasi pada organ sayuran air, dan pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan vitamin A, dan vitamin C. Penelitian Dilakukan pada lingkungan bersih dan tercemar. Data dianalisis dengan One-Way Anova dan uji lanjut LSD untuk mengetahui perbedaan serapan logam, dan vitamin; serta regresi untuk mengetahui kontribusi cadmium dalam mempengaruhi gizi sayuran. Akumulasi pada ketiga jenis sayuran dominan pada akar dan terendah pada daun. Genjer paling tinggi mengakumulasi semua macam logam, selanjutnya kangkung air dan terendah selada air. Cadmium memberi kontribusi pada penurunan vitamin A dan C.

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AbstractThe absorption of cadmium heavy metal in 3 (three) kinds of aquatic vegetables; water lettuce (Limnocharis flava), water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) and watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br) was studied to determine the influence of the contents of vitamins A and C. The purpose of this research was to identify the accumulation of cadmium in the organs of the aquatic vegetables, and their influence to the contents of vitamins A and C. This research was conducted by employing the factorial experimental design of randomized block design (RBD) with 3 (three) factors. The data was analyzed by regression to detect the correlation and contribution of cadmium influence on the aquatic vegetables. The accumulation of cadmium in the 3 (three) aquatic vegetables was mainly occured in the stems and leaves. Water lettuce has the highest accumulation of cadmium, followed by water convolvulus and watercress has the least. Cadmium is responsible for the declining levels of vitamins A and C. "

"The purpose of this book mainly concerning the uptake and translocation of heavy metals in plants, mechanisms of toxicity, perception of metal and regulation of cell response under metal stress. Another key feature of this book is related to the studies on signaling and remediation processes in recent years, which have taken advantage of recent technological advances including "omic" approaches. In recent years transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies have become very important tools for analyzing both the dynamics of changes in gene expression and the profiles of protein and metabolites under heavy metal stress. "

"Paper Electroanalytical Devices (PeAD) merupakan salah satu perangkat sensor kimia yang mulai banyak dikembangkan karena luasnya bidang aplikasi, salah satunya adalah untuk mendeteksi logam berat. Prinsip kerja dari PeAD yaitu dengan mengukur konsentrasi logam dari hasil reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi menggunakan metode potensiometri. Pada penelitian ini PeAD dikembangkan dengan adanya elektrodeposisi logam Bismut secara in situ pada elektroda, dengan menggunakan voltametri pelucutan anodik gelombang persegi (SWASV), logam Bismut dideposisi dengan membetuk film lapis tipis Bi pada permukaan elektroda dan dilakukan pemindaian dengan mikroskop elektron. Logam Bismut digunakan sebagai modifikator elektroda karena memiliki kapasitas untuk membentuk paduan dengan logam berat, seperti Pb dan Cd, selain itu juga karena sifatnya yang kurang beracun dan memiliki jendela potensial negatif yang besar sehingga proses pembentukan ikatan dengan logam dapat terjadi. Pengujian variasi pH, variasi potensial deposisi, dan variasi konsentrasi penambahan Bismut, dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil pengujian yang optimum, dan diperoleh kondisi optimum pada pH larutan 4,6 dengan potensial deposisi -1,2 V, dan penamabahan 1 mg/L Bismut. PeAD. Yang berhasil di fabrikasi kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Micsroscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Contact Angle Meter (CAM). Uji performa analisis PeAD terhadap ion logam berat Pb dan Cd dilakukan dengan pengukuran linearitas, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), interferensi, presisi, dan akurasi. Persamaan yang didapat dari uji linearitas, dengan y = 1.4508 + 0.1723 [Cd (II)] dengan R2 = 0.9839 dan y = 0.6789 + 0.1218 [Pb (II)] dengan R2 = 0.9851, yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai sensitivitas PeAD untuk logam Cd sebesar 1.4508 μA dan logam Pb sebesar 0.6434 μA, dan LOD untuk logam Cd dan Pb yaitu 6.43 µg/L dan 7.01 µg/L, dengan LOQ yaitu 22.07 µg/L dan 23.39 µg/L.

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Paper Electroanalytical Devices (PeAD) is one of the chemical sensor devices that has been widely developed due to its wide application in various field, one of which is detecting heavy metals. The working principle of PeAD is to measure the metal concentration from the reduction and oxidation reactions using the potentiometric method. In this study, PeAD was developed by the presence of in situ electrodeposition of Bismuth metal on the electrode, using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Bismuth metal was deposited by forming a thin layer of Bi film on the electrode surface and then scanning with an electron microscope. Bismuth metal is used as an electrode modifier because it has the capacity to form alloys with heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd, as well as because it is less toxic and has a large negative potential window so that the process of bonding with metals can occur. Test for Variations in pH, variations in the deposition potential, and variations in the concentration of addition of Bismuth, were carried out to obtain optimum test results. The optimum conditions were obtained at a solution pH of 4.6 with a deposition potential of -1.2 V, with the addition of 1 mg/L Bismuth. The PeAD that were successfully fabricated were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Contact Angle Meter (CAM). Analysis performance test of PeAD for heavy metal ions Pb and Cd was carried out by measuring linearity, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), interference, precision, and accuracy. The equation obtained from the linearity test, with y = 1.4508 + 0.1723 [Cd (II)] with R2 = 0.9839 and with y = 0.6789 + 0.1218 [Pb (II)] with R2 = 0.9851, which shows that the metal sensitivity value of PeAD is 1.4508 µA for Cd and 0.6434 µA for Pb, and the LOD for Cd and Pb were 6.43 µg/L and 7.01 µg/L, with LOQ 22.07 µg/L and 23.39 µg/L."

"Organoclay Jambi merupakan hasil modifikasi montmorillonite (MMT) dengan interkalasi kation organik agar dapat menjadi organofilik. Sebelum digunakan untuk preparasi, proses yang pertama adalah fraksinasi terhadap bentonit Jambi untuk memurnikan montmorillonite (MMT) yang ada pada bentonit. Hasil MMT kemudian diseragamkan kation penyeimbangnya dengan Na+ menjadi Na-MMT. Selanjutnya menggunakan [Cu(en)2]2+, dihitung nilai Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK). Preparasi organoclay menggunakan Na-MMT dengan Monosodium Glutamat (MSG) sebagai agen penginterkalasi dan konsentrasi MSG yang ditambahkan sesuai dengan nilai 1 KTK dan 2 KTK. Hasil karakterisasi organoclay menunjukkan MSG telah berhasil terinterkalasi ke dalam MMT. Produk organoclay tersebut selanjutnya diuji kemampuan adsorpsinya terhadap kadmium dan timbal dengan variasi waktu, variasi konsentrasi dan variasi pH. Kemudian membandingkannya dengan kemampuan adsorpsi dari bentonit alam dengan konsentrasi kadmium dan timbal yang sama. Dari data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa organoclay lebih efektif dari bentonit alam dalam menyerap kadmium dan timbal.

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Jambi Organoclay is a modified organoclay montmorillonite (MMT) with intercalation of organic cations in order to be organofilik. Before being used for the preparation, the first is the fractionation process to Jambi bentonite for purifying montmorillonite (MMT) which is in bentonite. Results MMT then homogenized with Na+ cations counterbalancing into Na-MMT. Furthermore, using [Cu(en)2]2+, calculated value Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Preparation of organoclay using Na-MMT with Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) as intercalate agent and concentration of MSG is added in accordance with the values 1 CEC and 2 CEC.

Organoclay characterization results indicate MSG has successfully intercalated into MMT. Organoclay products were then tested for their adsorption on cadmium and lead with time variation, concentration variation and pH variation. Then compare it with the adsorption capacity of natural bentonite with the same concentrations of cadmium and lead. From the data obtained show that the organoclay is more effective than the natural bentonite to absorb cadmium and lead."