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"ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pengaruh profit-sharing terhadap produktivitas perusahaan berskala besar telah banyak dilakukan di beberapa negara. Sedangkan penelitian yang dilakukan kali ini mencoba menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh profit-sharing terhadap produktivitas di usaha mikro dan kecil dengan menggunakan data dari Survei Industri Mikro dan Kecil Indonesia Tahun 2014. Profit-Sharing merupakan sebuah insentif yang diberikan perusahaan agar pekerja dapat memberikan upaya yang lebih untuk mencapai produktivitas yang lebih besar. Hasil estimasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Profit-Sharing tidak berdampak signifikan pada produktivitas Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Indonesia.Hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara variabel profit-sharing dan produktivitas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian UMK di Indonesia belum memerlukan profit-sharing sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, karena UMK masih dihadapkan pada kondisi ketidakstabilan jumlah penjualan dan jumlah produksi. Profit-sharing masih belum digunakan secara umum sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pada UMK, karena mayoritas UMK masih berfokus pada pemenuhan upah pekerja untuk mendorong produktivitas pekerja. Kata Kunci : Produktivitas; Profit-Sharing; Usaha Mikro dan Kecil

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Research on the effect of profit sharing on large scale enterprise productivity has been done in many countries. This study tries to analyze how the effect of profit sharing on productivity in micro and small enterprises using data from the Micro and Small Industry Survey of Indonesia 2014. Profit sharing is an incentive given the company so that workers can give more effort to achieve greater productivity. The estimation results show that Profit sharing has no significant impact on the productivity of Micro and Small Enterprises in Indonesia.The insignificant relationship between the variables of profit sharing and productivity shows that some MSEs in Indonesia do not need profit sharing as a tool to increase productivity, because some MSEs have problems in terms of instability in the number of sales and the amount of production. Profit sharing is not generally used as a tool to increase productivity in MSEs, because the majority of MSEs are still focused on giving sufficient workers 39 wages to encourage worker productivity. Keywords Productivity Profit Sharing Micro and Small Enterprises "

"Studi ini mengkaji tentang produktivitas usaha mikro dan kecil di Indonesia yang dipengaruhi oleh keterlibatan keluarga melalui kepemilikan usaha dan keterlibatan anggota keluarga sebagai pekerja keluarga pekerja tidak dibayar . Analisis model estimasi fungsi produksi pada level perusahaan digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai prediksi Total Factor Productivity TFP . Kami menemukan bahwa TFP pada masing-masing perusahaan relatif rendah. Metode estimasi Ordinary Least Square OLS digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pekerja keluarga dan peran inovasi terhadap produktivitas, dengan 57.974 data sampel perusahaan.Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan rasio pekerja keluarga yang lebih tinggi akan membuat produktivitasnya cenderung menurun. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya hubungan timbal balik antara pekerja keluarga dengan pengusaha. Peran inovasi melalui bimbingan/pelatihan BIMTEK dengan melibatkan pekerja keluarga terbukti mampu meningkatkan produktivitas. Karena melalui informasi dan pengetahuan pekerja keluarga setelah mengikuti BIMTEK, perusahaan akan membuat keputusan yang cenderung mengambil resiko untuk melakukan perubahan, dan selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan produktivitas.

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This study investigate the productivity of micro and small enterprises in Indonesia that are affected by family involvement through firm rsquo s ownership and family members rsquo as family workers unpaid workers . Analysis of estimastion model of production function at firm level is used to get predicted value of total factor productivity TFP. We found that TFP in each firm is relatively low. The Ordinary Least Square OLS estimation method was used to determine the effect of family workers and the role of innovation on productivity, with 57,974 sampled firms data.The results show that firms with a higher family worker ratio will make their productivity less than other firms. The role of innovation through counseling training BIMTEK by involving family workers has proven to increse productivity. Because through the information and knowledge sharing of family workers after BIMTEK activity, the firms will make decisions that thend to take risks to make changes, and further improve productivity."

"UMKM berkontribusi besar terhadap perekonomian. Sebagai motor penggerak perekonomian, UMKM memiliki keterbatasan yaitu kurangnya produktivitas yang disebabkan keterbatasan sumber daya, terutama keuangan. Berbagai program dukungan dijalankan untuk membantu UMKM meningkatkan produktivitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan bukti empiris pengaruh dukungan finansial dan nonfinansial terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja Usaha Mikro dan Kecil menggunakan data pada level mikro. Menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda yang bersifat cross section, penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa unit usaha penerima dukungan finansial, dukungan non finansial dan kedua bentuk dukungan sekaligus berturut-turut terbukti memiliki produktivitas 28,12%, 16,04% dan 6,36% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok unit usaha tanpa dukungan sama sekali.

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MSMEs contribute significantly to the economy. As a driving force for the economy, MSMEs have limitations, namely the lack of productivity due to limited resources, especially finance. Various support programs are implemented to help MSMEs increase productivity. This study was conducted to provide empirical evidence of the effect of financial and non-financial support on the productivity of Micro and Small Enterprises using the micro-level data. Using the cross-sectional multiple linear regression method, this study concludes that business units receive financial support, non-financial support financial, and both forms of support proved to have a productivity of 28.12%, 16.04%, and 6.36% higher than the group of business units without support."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompetisi terhadap kredit UMKM. Menggunakan data dari bank yang beroperasional di Indonesia pada tahun 2009 hingga 2016, penelitian ini melakukan regresi data panel. Persaingan memiliki efek yang tidak signifikan pada kredit UMKM, sementara faktor-faktor spesifik bank seperti ROE dan LDR memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kredit UMKM. NPL kredit UMKM memainkan peran penting dalam mengurangi kredit UMKM. Indeks lerner dengan peraturan memiliki efek positif yang signifikan terhadap persentase pinjaman UMKM. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, bank lebih cepat bereaksi terhadap peraturan daripada kondisi industri dalam hal pinjaman UMKM kepada perusahaan besar ketika pertumbuhan ekonomi meningkat.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of the competition on MSME credit. Using data from Indonesia banks in 2009 until 2016, this research performed panel data regression. Competition has an insignificant effect on MSME credit, while bank-specific factors such as the ROE and LDR have a significant effect on the level of MSME Credit. The NPL of MSME Credit plays a significant role in reducing MSME credit. Lerner index with regulation has significant positive effects on the percentage of MSME loans. This result indicates that, in general, banks are faster reacting to regulations than industry conditions in terms of MSME lending to big firms when the economic growth is increasing."

"Bank Umum Syariah menjadi kontributor terbesar dalam mendukung keuangan syariah dengan total aset pada tahun 2020 sebesar 397,07 trilliun yang menggambarkan perkembangan kinerja Bank Umum Syariah dalam menghadapi pandemic COVID-19 terlihat baik. Namun, tidak bisa dipungkiri perbankan syariah pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 ini dimana terjadi nya penurunan penyaluran dan pengembalian pembiayaan dan Bank Umum Konvensional pun ikut terdampak karena adanya pandemic COVID-19 dilihat dari terjadi Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh COVID-19, Inflasi, dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum (studi kasus : Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia dan Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia) dengan rentang waktu tahun 2016-2021 melalui data panel. Pada penelitian ini Random Effect Model yang digunakan untuk melihat hasil estimasi. Hasil estimasi penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pandemic COVID-19 berdampak negatif terhadap kinerja bank yang diukur melalui ROA, ROE, dan NIM baik Bank Umum Syariah maupun Bank Umum Konvensional dibuktikan dengan adanya pertumbuhan ROA,ROE,NIM yang menurun ketika tahun 2020-2021. Kemudian, inflasi berpengaruh signifkan negatif terhadap Bank Umum Syariah yang diukur melalui ROE, namun tidak terdampak apabila diukur ROA dan NIM serta dibandingkan dengan Bank Umum Konvensional yang tidak terdampak oleh inflasi baik diukur ROA,ROE,dan NIM.

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Islamic Commercial Banks are the largest contributor to supporting Islamic finance with total assets in 2020 amounting to 397.07 trillion which illustrates the development of Islamic Commercial Bank performance in dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic looks good. However, it cannot be denied that Islamic banking has also been affected due to the COVID-19 Pandemic where there has been a decrease in distribution and return of financing and Conventional Commercial Banks have also been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic as seen from the occurrence This study discusses the effect of COVID-19, Inflation, and Profit-Sharing Financing on Commercial Bank profitability (case study: Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia and Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia) with a time span of 2016-2021 through panel data. In this study, the Random Effect Model was used to see the estimation results. The estimation results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on bank performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM for both Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks as evidenced by the growth of ROA, ROE, NIM which decreases in 2020-2021. then, inflation has a negative significant effect on Islamic Commercial Banks as measured by ROE, but is not affected when measured by ROA and NIM and compared to Conventional Commercial Banks which are not affected by inflation as measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM."

"Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dilihat dalam penulisan tesis ini. Pertama, untuk melihat apakah terdapat indikasi moral hazard di bank umum syariah (batasan moral hazard adalah moral hazard tidak langsung, yaitu suatu kondisi dimana bank kurang berhati-hati dalam memberikan pembiayaan sehingga menimbulkan moral hazard di sisi debitur) dan untuk melihat apakah kebijakan pembiayaan di perbankan syariah dipengaruhi oleh sistem profit sharing. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari laporan keuangan publikasi bulanan bank umum syariah yaitu BSM dan BMI, pada periode Januari 2001 s.d Desember 2004. Hasil penelitian dengan metode Error Correction Model (ECM), dalam keseimbangan jangka panjang, peningkatan rasio alokasi pembiayaan murabahah terhadap pembiayaan musyarakah dan mudharabah meningkatkan rasio non performing financing, yang jika dikaitkan dengan hipotesis berarti terdapat indikasi moral hazard di sisi bank BMI. Indikasi moral hazard menunjukkan bank kurang berhati-hati dalam menyalurkan pembiayaan atau bank kurang melakukan monitoring. Hal ini sekaligus menunjukkan kelemahan dalam sistem operasional di bank syariah karena belum dapat meng-counter terjadinya moral hazard di sisi debitur. Dari basil pengujian dengan Uji Kausalitas Granger ditemukan bahwa rasio nisbah bagi basil antara bank dengan debitur menyebabkan rasio return namun tidak menyebabkan alokasi pembiayaan. Sebaliknya rasio alokasi pembiayaan menyebabkan rasio nisbah, bahkan untuk kasus BSM, rasio return juga mempengaruhi rasio nisbah. Gambaran ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio nisbah selain sebagai instrumen dalam perhitungan distribusi pendapatan jugs menjadi alat bagi bank syariah dalam menyesuaikan tingkat imbal hasil bank syariah dengan tingkat bunga di bank konvensional.

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There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this thesis. The first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this thesis is the Indirect Moral Hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to asses whether the financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system. The data for assessing this thesis are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004. The research based on the Error Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BMI. The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard. The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand, financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest rate in conventional bank."

"There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this study The _first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this paper is the indirect Moral hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to assess whether the _financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system, The data for assessing this paper are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM? and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004.

The research based on the Ever Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BML The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand _financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest Vale in conventional bank."

"There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this paper. The first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this paper is the Indirect Moral Hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to assess whether the financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system. The data for assessing this paper are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM and BM] from January 2001 to December 2004. The research based on the Error Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BM]. The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank ?s operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard. The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not ?influence financing allocation). On the other hand, financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest rate in conventional bank."

"Penelitian ini akan mencoba mengambil sudut pandang dengan melihat keterkaitan kredit untuk usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah terhadap output dari usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Dengan adanya peraturan yang mendukung peningkatan kredit untuk UMKM dari Bank Indonesia di tahun 2012 diharapkan akan memberikan akses yang lebih mudah bagi pelaku usaha UMKM untuk memperoleh pembiayaan. Walaupun demikian, pengaruh dari kredit UMKM ini akan berbeda dampaknya bagi wilayah-wilayah di Indonesia karena tiap wilayah memiliki karakteristik jenis usaha yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh kredit tersebut terhadap UMKM di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia dan melihat sektor apa yang memberikan dampak and Medium Enterprises (MSME) credpositif untuk menerima pembiayaan.

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The focus of this study is analyzing the correlation between Micro, Smallits and MSME output. In 2012 Bank Indonesia issues a regulation that encourage banks to provide MSME with credit, MSMEs are expected to get easier access from getting loan to develop their business. Nevertheless, the impact of these credits are diverse across Indonesian regions, because each regions have their uniqueness in their business activity. This study try to analyze the impact of MSME credit to regions in Indonesia and observing which economic sectors that will get positive return from credits."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kehadiran bank asing terhadap aksesibilitas bank yang diilustrasikan melalui jumlah ATM dan kantor cabang serta alokasi kredit oleh bank untuk usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 63 bank umum di Indonesia sebagai sampel selama 8 tahun dari 2010 hingga 2017 dan melalui metode pengolahan data panel. Kehadiran bank asing diilustrasikan melalui persentase kepemilikan asing di bank dimana bank asing kemudian dibedakan menjadi dua jenis berdasarkan metode masuk mereka, yaitu akuisisi dan greenfield. Kehadiran bank asing yang dijelaskan melalui persentase kepemilikan asing di bank ditemukan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap jumlah ATM yang dimiliki oleh bank, namun, ditemukan efeknya signifikan dan negatif untuk jumlah kantor cabang bank dan alokasi kredit kepada UMKM. Metode masuknya bank asing melalui akuisisi bank domestik tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah ATM dan kredit UMKM tetapi tidak pada jumlah kantor cabang, sedangkan metode greenfield ditemukan memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada jumlah ATM tetapi tidak pada jumlah kantor cabang dan kredit UMKM.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of the presence of foreign banks on bank accessibility illustrated through the number of ATMs and branch offices and the allocation of credit by banks for micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. This study used 63 commercial banks in Indonesia as samples for 8 years from 2010 to 2017 and through panel data processing methods. The presence of foreign banks is illustrated by the percentage of foreign ownership in banks where foreign banks are then divided into two types based on their entry methods, acquisition and greenfield. The presence of foreign banks explained through the percentage of foreign ownership in banks was found to have no significant effect on the number of ATMs owned by banks, however, the effect was found to be significant and negative for the number of bank branches and credit allocation to MSMEs. The method of entry of foreign banks through the acquisition of domestic banks did not have a significant effect on the number of MSMEs and ATMs but not on the number of branch offices, while the greenfield method was found to have a significant influence on the number of ATMs but not on the number of MSME branch offices and loans."