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"International Diabetes Federation IDF pada tahun 2014 menyatakan penyandang DM yang berusia 20 -79 tahun sejumlah 8 dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia. Jali merupakan tumbuhan serealia yang mengandung 24,9 gram fruktooligosakarida dari setiap 100 gram bijinya. Perpaduan satu porsi yogurt jali yang terdiri dari 100 ml yogurt, mengandung probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Bifidobacterium masing masing sebesar 109cfu/mL, dicampur dengan 25 g jali rebus dapat menurunkan inflamasi epitel usus yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar Calprotectine CP feses, meningkatkan kadar Glucagon Like Peptide-1 GLP-1 dan menurunkan resistensi insulin yang berperan dalam mengontrol kadar glukosa darah.Penelitian ini menggunakan randomized controlled trial parallel group study, untuk menilai pengaruh pemberian yogurt dan yogurt jali selama 12 minggu pada 60 subjek penyandang DM tipe2 masing-masing sebanyak 30 subjek pada kelompok yogurt dan yogurt jali.Didapatkan penurunan rerata BB p.

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Background: International Diabetes Federation IDF in 2014 reported that diabetes mellitus prevalence in Indonesia were 8. Job`s tears is a cereal containing 24.9 grams of fructooligosaccharide per 100 grams of dry seed. The combination of one serving of yogurt with Job`s tears composed from 100 ml yogurt, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium probiotics of 109cfu / mL each, mixed with 25 g of boiled Job`s tears could decrease the inflammation of the intestinal epithelium, decrease the oxidative stress and insulin resistance that will play a role in controlling blood glucose.Method: This study used randomized controlled trial parallel group study to evaluate the effect of yogurt and yogurt with Job`s tears on FBG, GLP-1, CP and body weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects in this study were 60 employees of Atma Jaya Jakarta with randomization block, each of 30 subjects in intervention yogurt with Job`s tears and control yogurt only groups.Result: A reduced body weight p."

"Asupan serat dalam menu harian penyandang diabetes masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serat dalam makanan selingan penyandang diabetes melitus (DM) 2 terhadap kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan desain menyilang alokasi acak pada 7 laki-laki dan 13 perempuan di Klinik Dokter Keluarga Kayu Putih Jakarta. Subyek penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok: kelompok kontrol mendapat anjuran diet DM dan kelompok perlakuan mendapat anjuran diet DM dan pemberian makanan selingan yang mengandung serat 6 gram/hari selama 3 minggu. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan 2 jam postprandial dilakukan pada awal dan akhir perlakuan. Status gizi obes didapatkan pada 55% subyek. Sebagian besar subyek tidak mematuhi anjuran diet DM: asupan lemak tinggi sedangkan asupan serat 7,0–13,7 g/hari. Pada awal penelitian, kadar glukosa darah puasa dan 2 jam postprandial serum kedua kelompok perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna. Setelah periode perlakuan, perubahan kadar glukosa darah tidak bermakna, namun terlihat cenderung menurun pada kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan: pada penyandang DM tipe 2, pemberian makanan selingan yang mengandung serat 6 gram selama 3 minggu tidak menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan 2 jam postprandial serum.

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Fiber intake in the daily menu of diabetes patients was observed to be lower than recommendation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber supplementation as snack on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic subjects. This randomized, cross-over controlled clinical trial involved 7 men and 13 women, who visited to Family Doctor Clinic Kayu Putih in Jakarta. Subjects were assigned into two groups: control group who got diabetic diet recommendation, while treatment group got diabetic diet recommendation and snack containing 6 grams fiber/day for three weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels were assessed before and after intervention. Fifty five percent of the subjects were obese. Majority of subjects could not comply with diabetic regiment: high in fat, while fiber intakes was around 7.0–13.7 g/day. At baseline, FBG and PPBG levels were comparable. After intervention period, blood glucose level did not changed significantly, but tend to decrease in the treatment group. In conclusion: snack containing 6 grams of fiber for three weeks did not decrease FBG and PPBG of type 2 diabetic subjects."

"Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan kelainan metabolik yang terjadi karena penurunan sensitifitas insulin. Latihan fisik mempunyai peranan penting dalam manajemen diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif terhadap kadar glukosa darah penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest dengan jumlah sampel 37 orang yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada ruang perawatan penyakit dalam RSUD Pasar Minggu. Responden diberikan intervensi latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif selama 30 menit yang dilakukan 2 jam setelah makan yang diperkirakan antara jam 09.00-10.00 WIB. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu responden dilakukan sebelum dan segera setelah latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif yang signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2 antara sebelum dan setelah latihan (p=0,000; α 0,05). Namun, disarankan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh latihan ini dengan meningkatkan frekuensi latihan dan mempertimbangkan jenis pengobatan diabetes responden.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Physical exercise plays an important role in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a decreases blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of active range of motion exercises on the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research is an experimental study used the one group pretest-posttest design. Thirty seven respondents were selected using consecutive sampling technique in general ward in Pasar Minggu Hospital. Respondents were given 30-minute active range of motion exercise which were carried out 2 hours after meals which were estimated between 09.00-10.00 WIB. Blood glucose level was measured before and immediately after active range of motion exercise. The results showed that active range of motion exercises had a significant effect in reducing blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus between before and after exercise (p = 0,000; α 0,05). However, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of this exercise by increasing the frequency of exercise and considering the type of diabetes treatment respondents."

"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik yang sering dijumpai dan merupakan salah satu dari empat prioritas penyakit tidak menular. Prevalensi penyakit DM meningkat dengan pesat dan akan menjadikan Indonesia perillgkat kc empat dunia. Bctrunbalmya jumlnh penyandang DM dan komplikasi akibat DM menjadi beban negara terutama bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi yang l~rkail d~Ilgan bidang Hum Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin adalah komplikasi mikrovaskular yakni neuropati. Neuropati otonom ditandai dengan kulit kering dan jumlah keringat yang berkurang. Kekeringan kulit yang tidak di tata laksana dengan baik mempennudah timbulnya kaki diabetik. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kadar HbAle dan gula darah terhadap kulit kering pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan terhadap pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poliklini.k Endokrin IImu Penyakit Dalam dan Poliklinik Hmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSUPN. Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta pada bulan Juli hingga September 2018. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik untuk menentukan derajat kekeringan kulit dengan menggunakan penilaian SRRC, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan eorneometer dan tewameter. Terakhir dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah untuk kadar HbAle dan GDS. Basil: Didapatkan total 95 subjek clengan usia rerata 54 tahun, hampir sebagian besar pasien tidak merokok, tidak menggunakan pelembap dan AC, tidak menggunakan air hangat untuk mandi, mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol, mengalami neuropati dan menopause, serta durasi lama DM 2:5 tabun. Hasil utama penelitian ini didapatkan korelac;;i yang hennakna seeara statistik antara kadar HbAle dengan nilai SRRC berdasarkan uji nonparametrik Spearman (r· = 0,224; P = 0,029). Perhitungan statistik dilanjutkan kembali dengan anal isis stratiflkasi dan regresi linear stepwise. Kesimpulan: Pada pasicn DM tipe 2 terdapat peningkatan SRRC dan SCap yang dipengaruhi oleh kadar HbAle.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases and is one of the top four non-contagious priorities. DM prevalence has been increasing rapidly and would make Indonesia ranked fourth in the worldwide. The increasing number of people with DM and its associated complications are major burden, especially for developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the complications associated with Dermatology and Venereology is microvascular complications, specifically neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is characterized by dry skin and reduced amount of sweat. Unmanaged dry skin is a potential risk factor of developing diabetic foot. Objective: To determine the effect ofHbAlc and blood glucose level on dry skin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Endocrine outpatient clinic of the Internal Medicine and Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic of RSUPN. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta from July to September 2018. History taking, physical examination to dctcrminc the degree of skin dryness using SRRC assessment, followed by examination of the comeometer and tewameter. At last, blood test examination was performed for HbAlc and random blood glucose levels measurement. Results: A total of95 subjects were enrolled with an average age of 54 years, most if the patients were non-smoker, did not use moisturizers and air conditioning, did not use warm water for bathing, consumed cholesterol lowering agent, experienced neuropathy and menopause, and have been suffering DM for more than 5 years. The main results of this study were statistic3.Ily significant correlation between HbAlc levels and SRRC values based on the Spearman nonparametric test (r = 0,224; P = 0,029). Statistical calculations were continued with stratification analysis and stepwise linear regression. Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients experience increment in SRRC and SCap, which are associated with HbA 1 c level."

"Kontrol gula darah dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, salah satunya adalah tingkat stres. Dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus komponen intervensi untuk menurunkan stres terabaikan. Terapi progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) diketahui mampu mengontrol kadar gula darahyang merupakan salah satu bagian dari intervensi keperawatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan PMR terhadap tingkat stres dan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengandesain pre and post test with control group. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 18 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling. Kelompok intervensi diberikan latihan PMR 2 kali sehari selama 3 hari. Kadar gula darah sewaktu diambil melalui pembuluh darah kapiler. Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan kuesioner depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi 7 item. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan PMR terhadap tingkat stres pada kelompok intervensi dengan nilai p didapat 0,0001. Pada penelitian ini pula didapatkanadanya perubahan yang bermakna kadar gula darah sewaktu pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Namun pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna dengan pvalue 0,448 (p>0,05). Kesimpulan dari peneliian ini adalah latihan PMR berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat stres pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada kelompok intervensi akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar gula darah sewaktu antar kedua kelompok.

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Blood glucose control is influenced by many factors, one of which is the level of stress. In the

management of diabetes mellitus component interventions to reduce stress neglected. Treatment of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is known to control blood sugar levels which is one part of nursing interventions. The research objective was to determine the effect of PMR on the level of stress and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This study applied a quasi experimental design with a pre and post test control group. Each group consisted of 18 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. PMR exercise intervention group was given twice a day for 3 days. Blood sugar levels when taken through the capillaries. Stress levels were measured using a questionnaire depression anxiety stress scales

(DASS) which has been modified to 7 items, to measure stress levels. The results shows that there is a significant effect of PMR exercise on the level of stress in the intervention group with a p value of 0.0001, found also the presence of significant changes in blood glucose levels in the intervention group and the control group. But, the two groups did not differ significantly with p value 0.448 (p> 0.05). This study concludes that PMR exercises significant has a significant effect on stress levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus intervention group and there is no significant difference on blood glucose levels between the two groups."

"Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 merupakan sekumpulan gangguan metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia. Komplikasi klinis akibat DM berkolerasi dengan status glikemik, sehingga diperlukan upaya pengontrolan status glikemik pasien DM, baik jangka pendek, jangka menengah maupun jangka panjang untuk mencegah atau mengurangi komplikasi progresif akibat penyakit tersebut. Parameter laboratorium untuk pemantauan status glikemik meliputi kadar glukosa darah harian, HbA1c, dan albumin glikat (AG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar HbA1c dan kadar AG pada pasien DM tipe 2 tidak terkontrol, mendapatkan korelasi antara kadar HbA1c dan kadar AG, juga melihat penurunan kadar HbA1c dan AG sesudah terapi 1 dan 3 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain studi diagnostik, yang melibatkan 32 subyek penelitian yang diikuti selama 3 bulan mulai bulan Februari hingga Mei 2014. Diagnosis DM tipe 2 ditegakkan oleh dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam dan diagnosis DM tipe 2 tidak terkontrol didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan HbA1c > 7 %. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata (SD) kadar glukosa darah puasa bulan ke-0, ke-1, dan ke-3 berturut-turut sebesar 170,5(51,6) mg/dL; 162,7(54,6) mg/dL, dan 147,3(45,9) mg/dL. Median (rentang) kadar glukosa darah 2 jam postprandial l(G2PP) bulan ke-0 dan ke-1 sebesar 220 mg/dL (90-544) mg/dL dan 191,5 mg/dL (114-468) mg/dL; rerata(SD) kadar G2PP bulan ke-3 sebesar 201(65,98) mg/dL. Korelasi antara kadar HbA1c dan kadar AG adalah : pada bulan ke-0, r=0,79, p<0,001, bulan ke-1 r=0,74, p<0,001 dan bulan ke-3 r=0,78, p<0,001. Penurunan kadar HbA1c dari baseline (delta-1) dan pada bulan ke-3 (delta-3) adalah median (rentang) delta-1 sebesar 0,43% (0,35-0,74)%, p<0,001 dan median (rentang) delta-3 sebesar 0,89% (0,64-2,30)%, p<0,001. Penurunan kadar AG bulan ke-1 dari baseline (delta-1) dan pada bulan ke-3 (delta-3): median (rentang) delta-1 sebesar 0,94% (0,48-1,64)%, p<0,001, dan median (rentang) delta-3 sebesar 1,79% (0,33-1,40)%, p<0,001. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara kadar HbA1c dan kadar AG pada bulan ke-0, ke-1, dan ke-3, dengan kekuatan korelasi kuat (r = 0.7-0.8), selain itu terdapat penurunan kadar HbA1c dan AG yang bermakna sesudah terapi 1 dan 3 bulan.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a group of metabolic disorders with hyperglycemic characteristic. Clinical complications of DM correlate with glycemic state, therefore it is necessary to make an effort to control DM glycemic state, in short-, medium-, and long-term to prevent or minimize progressive complications due to the disease. Laboratory parameters to monitor glycemic state include daily blood glucose, HbA1c, and glycated albumin (GA).

This study aimed to obtain HbA1c and GA levels in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, the correlations between HbA1c and GA levels, and also the decrease in HbA1c and GA levels after 1 month and 3 months treatment. This was a diagnostic study involving 32 subjects that were followed for 3 months from February to May 2014. Type 2 DM was diagnosed by the internist in the Department of Internal Medicine and the uncontrolled type 2 DM was confirmed by HbA1c measurement of > 7%.

The results showed that mean (SD) fasting blood glucose levels at baseline, 1 month and 3 months were 170.5 (51.6) mg/dL; 162.7 (54.6) mg/dL, and 147.3(45.9) mg/dL, respectively. Median (range) 2 hours postprandial blood glucose levels at baseline and 1 month respectively, were 220 mg/dL (90-544) mg/dL and 191.5 mg/dL, respectively, and mean (SD) at 3 months was 201,7 (65,98) mg/dL. Correlations between HbA1c and GA levels : at baseline r =0.79, p<0.001, at 1 month r=0.74, p<0.001 and at 3 months r=0.78, p<0.001.

Decreases of HbA1c level from baseline, at 1 month (delta-1) and at 3 months (delta-3) : median (range) delta-1was 0.43% (0.35-0.74)%, p<0.001 and median (range) delta-3 was 0.89% (0.64-2.30)%, p<0.001. Decreases of GA level from baseline, at 1 month (delta-1) and at 3 months (delta-3) : median (range) delta-1 was 0.94%(0.48-1.64)%, p<0.001, and median (range) delta-3 was 1.79%(0.33-1.40)%, p<0.001.

We concluded that there were significant positive correlations between HbA1c and GA levels at baseline,1 month and 3 months, with strong correlations (r=0.7-0.8). In addition, there were also significant decreases in HbA1c and GA levels from baseline at 1 month and 3 months therapy."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya pengaruh pemberian 100 gram tempe per hari selama empal minggu tcrhadap kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM) tipc 2 usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis parael, acak, terbuka. Subyck penelitian adalah 30 orang pcndcxita DM tipc 2 usila yang tinggal di empat panti wredha di Jakarta. Alokasi acak dengan cara randomisasi blok diiakukan untuk membagi subyek menjadi dua kelompok. Seluruh subyek dibesikan pengaturan diet DM sesuai PERKENI. Kelompok sebanyak I6 orang yang diberikan 100 gram tempe, sedangkan kelompok K sebanyak I4 orang yang diberikan kacang-kucangan pengganti tcmpe. Data yang diambil meiiputi usia, jenis kelamin., berat badan dan indeks massa tumbuh (IMT), serta data asupan dengan metodc food record, Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan glukosa darah 2 jam poslprandial (GDPP) dilakukan pada awal dan akhir pcrlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Subyek yang mengikuti penelilian secara lengkap sebanyak 27 orang yang terdiri dari 15 orang kclompok perlakuan dan i2 orang kelompok kontrol. Kcrata usia suhyek adalah ?70,4:b9,5 rahun. Mayoritas subyck (63,5%) adalah perempuan, dan hampir setengah jumlah subyek mempunyai status gizi normai berdasarkan lMT. Sebagian besar (80%) subyck bclum menerima obat DM. Pada awal penclitian, usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, asupan kalori dan zat gizi subyek tidak menunjukkan pcrbcdaan bermakna (p>0,05). Seluruh subyek tidak dapat mematuhi anjuran diet DM yang dibcrikan, asupan Iemak subyek tinggi sedangkan asupan secara rendah. Setelah perlakuan terlihat kecenderungan penurunan kadar GDP dan peningkatan kadar GDPP yang tidak bcfbeda bermakna antam keiompok P dan K. Pcmbcrian 100 glam tempc selama empat minggu tidak menumnkan kadar GDP dan GDPP.

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Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of daily intake of 100 gram tempe for four weeks on plasma glucose level in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 'this study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. Subjects were 30 diabetic elderly living in four nursing homes in Jakarta. In the study, subjects were assigned into two groups using block randomization. All subjects had to take diabetic regiment with calorie and macronutrient following diabetic recommendation diet. The treatment group (n=I6) received tempe, while control group (n=14) received legumes other than tempe. Data collection included age, sex, body weight, body mass index, and nutrient intake using 3x24 hours food records. In addition isotlavone intake was also assessed. Fasting plasma glucose levels (FPG) and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) levels were assessed before and after intervention Unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney wen: used to analysed data with the 5% significance level. There were 27 subjects completed the study: I5 of treatment group and I2 of control group. Mean of age were 70.4 :L 9.5 years. Majority (63.5%) of subjects were female, and almost half subjects had normal BMI. About 80% of subjects did not use diabetic medication. At base line age, BMI, sex, use of diabetic medication, calorie and macronutrient intake wene comparable. All subjects could not comply with diabetic regiment: high fat and low fiber intakes Far, tiber and isotiavoue intake were signiticantly higher in treatment group compare to control group. Decrease in FPG and increase in PPPG alter intervention were observed but were statisticaly insigniticant. In conclusion, daily intake of 100 gram tempc for four weeks did not decrease PPG and PPPG."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah masalah global yang sangat serius. Penyakit ini menyerang pada usia yang paling produktif sehingga dapat menurunkan derajat ekonomi dan mengurangi usia harapan hidup. Patogenesis DM sangat erat kaitannya dengan inflamasi, ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-6, IL-8 dan TNF. Namun, belum ada agen antiinflamasi yang terbukti berperan dalam tatalaksana DMT2. Butirat merupakan asam lemak rantai pendek yang diproduksi dari fermentasi pati resisten di lumen usus. Dalam kondisi normal butirat diserap dan digunakan sebagai sumber energi bagi sel kolonosit, hati dan otot. Butirat mampu berikatan dengan reseptor GPR41 dan GPR43 pada monosit sehingga mampu mengubah pola ekspresi sitokin, aktivasi, migrasi dan diferensiasi sel. Sehingga menarik untuk meneliti pengaruh butirat terhadap migrasi dan sitokin yang diekspresikan oleh monosit pada pasien DMT2. Kadar sitokin dihitung dari supernatan yang diambil dari kultur monosit . Sebanyak 37 subJek dibagi menjadi dua perlakuan yaitu kontrol dan dengan penambahan butirat. Monosit hari pertama diisolasi dalam gel kolagen tipe 1 untuk dilakukan uji migrasi menggunakan μ-slide chemotaxis IBIDI. Analisis gambar menggunakan software ImageJ dan Chemotaxis tool. Terdapat adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada rasio TNF/IL 10 antara kelompok sehat dan DMT2. Butirat juga terlihat menekan produksi sitokin TNF dan meningkatkan produksi IL10. Indikator migrasi monosit seperti jarak akumulasi dan kecepatan migrasi memiliki perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok sehat dan DMT2. Butirat dapat menekan laju migrasi monosit diikuti dengan penurunan jarak dan kecepatan migrasi monosit

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ABSTRACTType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) is a very serious global problem. This disease attacks at the most productive age so that it can reduce economic status and reduce life expectancy. The pathogenesis of DM is very closely related to inflammation. characterized by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. However, no anti-inflammatory agent has been proven to play a role in the management of T2DM. Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid produced from resistant starch fermentation in the intestinal lumen. In normal conditions the butyrate is absorbed and used as an energy source for colonocytes, liver and muscle cells. Butirate is able to bind to GPR41 and GPR43 receptors on monocytes so that it can change the pattern of cytokine expression, activation, migration and cell differentiation. So it is interesting to examine the effect of butyrate on migration and cytokines expressed by monocytes in T2DM patients. Cytokine levels were calculated from supernatants taken from monocyte cultures. A total of 37 subjects were divided into two treatments, namely control and with addition of butyrate. The first day monocytes were isolated in type 1 collagen gel for migration testing using the slide chemotaxis IBIDI. Image analysis using ImageJ and Chemotaxis tool software. There was a significant difference in the TNFα / IL 10 ratio between healthy groups and T2DM. Butyrate also appears to suppress TNF cytokine production and increase IL10 production. Monocyte migration indicators such as accumulation distance and migration speed have significant differences between healthy groups and T2DM. Butirat can reduce inflammation responds and the distance and speed of monocyte migration"

"Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronik yang dapat menimbulkan stress. Relaksasi dengan terapi murotal Al-Qur?an merupakan terapi yang dapat mengatasi hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh terapi murotal Al-Qur?an terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada DM tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen pre-post with control group. Jumlah sampel 39 orang dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu 20 orang dalam kelompok intervensi dan 19 orang pada kelompok kontrol, pemilihan responden purposive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji Anova repeated measure.Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada pengaruh terapi murotal Al-Qur?an terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 61 mg/dl (p=0,029, ∝= 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, terapi murotal Al-Qur?an efektif menurukan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause stress. Murotal Qur'an relaxation therapy is a therapy that suggested to reduce hyperglycemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of murotal Qur'an therapy on blood glucose levels. This study design was quasi-experimental pre-post with control group. Number of samples are 39 people who were divided into two groups: the intervention group consist of 20 people, and 19 people in the control group, the selection of participants with purposive sampling. Statistical tests were using repeated measure Anova test.

The results of this study found there was an effect of murotal Qur'an therapy to decrease blood glucose levels (p = 0.029, α = 0.05). In conclusion, murotal Qur'an therapy effectively to decrease blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronik yang dapat menimbulkan stress. Relaksasi dengan terapi murotal Al-Qur’an merupakan terapi yang dapat mengatasi hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh terapi murotal Al-Qur’an terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada DM tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen pre-post with control group. Jumlah sampel 39 orang dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu 20 orang dalam kelompok intervensi dan 19 orang pada kelompok kontrol, pemilihan responden purposive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji Anova repeated measure. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada pengaruh terapi murotal Al-Qur’an terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 61 mg/dl (p=0,029, ). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, terapi murotal Al-Qur’an efektif menurukan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause stress. Murotal Qur'an relaxation therapy is a therapy that suggested to reduce hyperglycemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of murotal Qur'an therapy on blood glucose levels. This study design was quasi-experimental pre-post with control group. Number of samples are 39 people who were divided into two groups: the intervention group consist of 20 people, and 19 people in the control group, the selection of participants with purposive sampling. Statistical tests were using repeated measure Anova test. The results of this study found there was an effect of murotal Qur'an therapy to decrease blood glucose levels (p = 0.029, ? = 0.05). In conclusion, murotal Qur'an therapy effectively to decrease blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"