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"Tugas karya akhir ini akan membahas tentang Lone Wolf Terrorism, kasus LWT di Indonesia sendiri terjadi pada tahun 2016 sebanyak tiga kasus. LWT hingga saat ini masih susah terdeteksi, karena LWT bergerak secara sendiri walaupun dalam pembelajaran radikalnya diperoleh dari interaksi dalam dunia internet. Revolusi informasi dan teknologi khususnya internet sangat memberikan dampak besar pada LWT. LWT menjadikan internet sebagai media pembelajaran radikal sekaligus self radicalization. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran sosial dari Sutherland, tipologi- tipologi LWT dari National Security Critical Issue Task Force NSCITF, proses self radicalization dan internet radicalization. Hasil tugas karya akhir ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan tentang hubungan bagaimana LWT melakukan pembelajaran dan self radicalization khususnya pada informasi teknologi.

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This research will be discussing about Lone Wolf Terrorism, LWT is the terrorism act that is done not in groups. There are three LWT cases that has occurred in Indonesia in the year 2016. To this day LWT is still hard to be detected, because LWT move on its own even in radical learning from interactions in the internet. Information and technology revolution especially the internet has given a big impact on LWT. LWT has made the Internet both as a media of spreading radicalism also self radicalization. This research uses social learning method by Sutherland, types of LWT from National Security Critical Issue Task Force NSCITF, self radicalization process and Internet radicalization. The result of this research is hoped to be a reference about the relationship of how LWT learns and self radicalization especially through the Internet."

"Tugas karya akhir ini membahas mengenai strategi pencegahan kejahatan terhadap radikalisasi online. Radikalisasi online secara definisi adalah proses dimana individu melalui aktivitas online berinteraksi dengan menggunakan berbagai fasilitas internet, hingga menerima persepsi bahwa kekerasan sebagai metode yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan konflik sosial dan politik. Radikalisasi online dapat terjadi karena adanya penguatan dari luar. Dampak dari radikalisasi online sangat besar, karena dapat memunculkan aksi terorisme di kemudian hari. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah pencegahan kejahatan secara sosial yang melibatkan masyarakat. Pencegahan kejahatan secara sosial yang dapat digunakan adalah pemblokiran situs. Pemblokiran situs tentu saja dilakukan oleh kominfo berdasarkan 4 kriteria BNPT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa pemblokiran dapat mencegah radikalisasi online.

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This thesis discusses about crime prevention strategy of online radicalization. Online radicalization by definition is a process whereby individuals through online activities interact using various internet facilities, thus accepting the perception that violence is the right method for resolving social and political conflicts. Online radicalization can occur due to outside reinforcement. The impact of online radicalization is huge, because it can lead to terrorism in the future. Therefore, it takes a social crime prevention involving the community. Social crime prevention that can be used is blocking sites. Blocking sites done by Ministry of Communication and Information Technology RI (Kominfo RI) based on 4 criteria from National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT). The purpose of this research is to know that blocking can prevent online radicalization."

"Fenomena pelaku tunggal atau lone wolf terorisme merupakan masalah yang terus berkembang di Indonesia. Hal ini biasanya tidak terlepas dari pengaruh radikalisme online, yang terjadi melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana penggunaan media sosial dapat berpengaruh terhadap terorisme lone wolf di Indonesia menggunakan studi kasus Raden Bagaskara. Penelitian ini membahas 5 teori yang berkaitan dengan radikalisme online dan terorisme lone wolf, yaitu teori analisis jaringan sosial, echo chamber pada media sosial, piramida radikalisasi, passion obsesif dan obsesi ideologi, dan teori bathtub motivasi lone wolf.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa seorang pengguna media sosial memasuki jaringan sosial bersifat online, dan algoritma media sosial dapat menciptakan echo chamber yang akan memaparkan konten propaganda radikalisme terhadap pengguna secara terus menerus. Dengan paparan tersebut, maka pemahamannya akan bergeser menjadi radikal dan keinginan untuk melakukan serangan akan muncul. Apabila motivasi untuk menyerang berakumulasi dan melebihi ambang batas, maka serangan terorisme lone wolf akan terjadi.

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The phenomenon of lone wolf terrorism is a problem that continues to develop in Indonesia. This usually relates to the influence of online radicalism through social media. This study aims to examine how the use of social media can influence lone wolf terrorism in Indonesia using the case study of Raden Bagaskara. This study discusses five theories related to online radicalism and lone wolf terrorism, namely the social network analysis theory, the echo chamber theory on social media, the radicalization pyramid, obsessive passion and ideological obsession, and the lone wolf motivation bathtub theory. This research uses a qualitative approach. The research data for this study were collected through interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis technique for this research was carried out using qualitative data analysis techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verifying data. The result of this study is that a social media user enters an online social network, and the social media algorithm can create an echo chamber that will continuously present radical propaganda contents to the user. With this exposure, their understanding will shift to become radicalized and the desire to carry out an attack will emerge. If the motivation to attack accumulates and exceeds its limits, then a lone wolf terrorist attack will occur."

"What drives the lone wolf terrorist to commit mass violence? What are their ideologies and motivations? How do they plan and carry out their attacks, and who do they target? How can lone wolf terrorism be effectively countered? One of the first in-depth analyses of lone wolf terrorism, this publication sets out to answer these questions. Drawing on extensive international data and qualitative case studies, it examines the global patterns in and key features of lone wolf terrorism over the past four decades. "

"This book explores the interface between terrorism and the internet and presents contemporary approaches to understanding violent extremism online.The volume focuses on four issues in particular: terrorist propaganda on the internet; radicalisation and the internet; counter campaigns and approaches to disrupting internet radicalisation; and approaches to researching and understanding the role of the internet in radicalisation. The book brings together expertise from a wide range of disciplines and geographical regions including Europe, the US, Canada and Australia. These contributions explore the various roles played by the Internet in radicalisation; the reasons why terroristic propaganda may or may not influence others to engage in violence; the role of political conflict in online radicalisation; and the future of research into terrorism and the internet. By covering this broad range of topics, the volume will make an important and timely addition to the current collections on a growing and international subject.This book will be of much interest to students and researchers of cyber-security, internet politics, terrorism studies, media and communications studies, and International Relations."

"Fenomena desistensi dari terorisme tidak hanya sebatas menjelaskan bagaimana mantan pelaku teror dapat berhenti menjadi teroris atau kembali terlibat dalam kelompok teroris.  Di sisi lain, penelitian tentang Desistensi dari terorisme harus menjawab berbagai macam faktor dan pengaruh lain yang mendukung seseorang mengalami Desistensi dari terorisme. Peneliti memulai penelitian ini dengan tinjauan existing literatur tentang Desistensi dari terorisme, dengan mempertimbangkan tantangan konseptual dan meninjau teori utama kerangka kerja dan temuan empiris dari Desistensi dari terorisme khususnya di Indonesia. Didasarkan pada hal ini terdapat kemungkinan pembentukan tipologi Desistensi dari terorisme berserta peramalannya dapat memberikan pandangan yang berbeda terkait penanganan dan pencegahan tindak pidana terorisme. Peramalan tersebut akan mencakup berkembangnya kondisi idling mode yang cenderung dialami oleh mantan pelaku teror. Setelah idling mode, ditemukan catalyst event yang mendorong mantan pelaku teror kembali melakukan aksinya. Kondisi ini juga tidak terlepas dari pengaruh globalisasi yang telah mengakibatkan badai informasi, di mana mantan pelaku teror terlibat dan memiliki peran dalam organisasi terorisme. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, Peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap 35 Mantan Teroris, serta melakukan Focus Group Disscussion (FGD) bersama 13 Pakar intervensi pelaku teror. Dari hasil penelitian ini, tergambarkan bagaimana wujud dari tipologi Desistensi dari terorisme. Berdasarkan tipologi tersebut, dapat dilihat faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat terjadinya Desistensi dari terorisme, seperti catalyst event dan idling mode. Di bagian akhir, penelitian ini membahas tentang bentuk intervensi yang dapat dilakukan kepada Mantan pelaku teror, yaitu pendekatan heaven, home, dan habit.

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The phenomenon of Desistance from Terrorism is not only limited to explaining how former terrorists can stop being terrorists or get involved in terrorist groups again. On the other hand, research on Desistance from Terrorism must address various other factors and influences that support a person experiencing Desistance from Terrorism. The researcher started this research by reviewing the existing literature on Desistance from Terrorism, taking into account the conceptual challenges and reviewing the main theoretical framework and empirical findings of Desistance from Terrorism, especially in Indonesia. Based on this, there is a possibility that the establishment of a typology of Desistance from Terrorism along with its forecasting can provide different views regarding the handling and prevention of terrorism crimes. The forecasting will include the evolving conditions of idling mode that former perpetrators of terror tend to experience. After idling mode, a catalyst event was found that pushed former terror perpetrators back into action. This condition is also inseparable from the influence of globalization which has resulted in a storm of information, in which former terror perpetrators are involved and have a role in terrorism organizations.  Using qualitative methods, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 35 former terrorists, as well as conducted a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 13 terrorism intervention experts. From the results of this study, it is described how the form of the tipology of Desistance from Terrorism is described. Based on this tipology, it can be seen the factors that support and inhibit the occurrence of Desistance from Terrorism, such as catalyst events and idling modes. In the end, this study discusses the forms of intervention that can be done to ex-terrorists, namely heaven, home, and habit approaches."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan modus operandi residivis terorisme kasus bom Thamrin dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pisau analisis penelitian ini adalah teori jejaring aktor dan differential association theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian ini dikumpullkan melalui wawancara secara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan observasi. Adapun sumber informan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 8 (delapan) sumber informan meliputi Pelaku residivis terorisme kasus bom Thamrin, Pihak Lapas, BNPT, Densus 88 Anti Teror, dan teman pelaku, serta peneliti yang pernah meneliti kedua pelaku residivis terorisme. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah modus operandi yang dilakukan dalam kasus bom Thamrin adalah melakukan penyerangan langsung dan melakukan aksi bom bunuh diri yang sasaran utamanya adalah Pemerintah dan Kepolisian yang dianggap sebagai anshar thogut serta masyarakat yang mereka anggap bertentangan dengan paham dan keyakinan kelompok mereka. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi fenomena residivis terorisme dalam kasus bom Thamrin adalah faktor ideologi. Disamping itu para pelaku residivis terorisme ini menolak dengan tegas untuk mengikuti program deradikalisasi sehingga pemahaman dan keyakinan mereka selama di dalam Lapas tidak berkurang sehingga melakukan kembali aksi teror

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This study aims to explain the modus operandi of recidivism in terrorism in the Thamrin bombing case and identify the factors that influence it. The theory used as an analysis tool in this research is actor network theory and differential association theory. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data for this research were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and observation. The sources of informants in this study were 8 (eight) sources of informants including recidivists of terrorism in the Thamrin bombing case, Penitentiary, BNPT, Densus 88 Anti-Terror, and friends of the perpetrators, as well as researchers who had studied the two recidivists of terrorism. The data analysis technique of this research was carried out using qualitative data analysis techniques including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/data verification. The result of this study is that the modus operandi used in the Thamrin bombing case was to carry out direct attacks and carry out suicide bombings whose main targets were the Government and the Police who were considered as anshar thogut and the people who they considered contradicted their group's understandings and beliefs. The factor influencing the phenomenon of recidivism in terrorism in the Thamrin bombing case is the ideological factor. Besides that, these recidivists of terrorism firmly refuse to take part in the deradicalization program so that their understanding and belief while in prison is not reduced so that they commit acts of terror again."