Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Sebagai negara yang menandatangani Deklarasi Umum PBB tentang Hak Asasi Manusia tahun 1948 pemerintah Indonesia berkewajiban mengikuti berbagai mekanisme HAM Internasional. Salah satunya, Indonesia telah menyampaikan laporan dalam Universal Periodic Review 3rd Cycle, dalam laporan tersebut terdapat diskursus yang dibawa oleh pemerintah. Banyak diskursus yang dibawa oleh pemerintah, salah satunya adalah diskursus kekerasan terhadap anak yang berasal dari teks yang biasa disebut sebagai kekerasan diskursif. Berdasarkan konstitutif kriminologi wacana kekerasan dibangun melalui kontrol ideologi dan reproduksi diskursus, praktik diskursif, membangun realitas melalui dominasi legal dan membangun klaim. Proses konstruksi diskursus dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis. Wacana kekerasan yang dibangun merupakan pelanggaran HAM dan state crime, menggunakan pemikiran kriminologi kritis diskursus tersebut dianalisis sebagai sebuah kejahatan. Kekerasan diskursif tersebut dibangun dalam suatu struktur sosial di masyarakat sehingga dapat dilihat sebagai suatu kekerasan struktural.

---

As a party to the UN Delcaration on Human Rights in 1948 the Indonesian government is obliged to follow international human rights mechanisms. One of them, Indonesia has submitted a report in the Universal Periodic Review 3rd Cycle, in the report there are discourses brought by the government, one of the discourses is discourse of violence against Childrens derived from the text commonly referred as discursive violence. Based on constitutive criminology the discourse of violence is established through the control of the ideology and reproduction of discourse, discursive practice, building reality through legal domination and establishing claims. The discourse construction process is analyzed using critical discourse analysis methods. The violent discourse that is built is a violation of human rights and state crimes, using critical criminological thinking the discourse is analyzed as a crime. Such discursive violence is built in a social structure in society so it can be seen as a structural violence."

"Artikel ini membahas mengenai peran keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Terdapat dua kelompok studi sebelumnya yang telah membahas ini. Kelompok studi pertama melihat faktor utama remaja menjadi pelaku kekerasan dikarenakan struktur dan fungsi keluarga yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan, pada kelompok studi kedua memandang bahwa kelompok pertemanan menjadi faktor utama remaja sebagai pelaku. Kelemahan dari kedua kelompok studi sebelumnya adalah studi tersebut hanya menjelaskan pada satu aspek saja dan tidak melihat bahwa terdapat relasi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Berdasarkan pendekatan ekologi, argumen pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Studi ini dilakukan di Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah pelaku kekerasan berusia 10-18 tahun dan tinggal di RPSA. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa relasi sendiri terlihat dengan adanya pandangan nilai kekerasan yang sama dari keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan yang mendorong remaja melakukan kekerasan. Selain itu, relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan juga dilanggengkan dengan kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal, hubungan keluarga dengan lingkungan sekitarnya dan pekerjaan orangtua. Budaya kekerasan di tempat tinggal dan kebijakan pemerintah juga mempunyai implikasi pada perilaku kekerasan remaja.

---

This article discusses about role of family and peer groups in adolescent as perpetrators of violence. There are two previous study groups that discussed adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The first group discussed that the main factor of adolescent become perpetrators of violence is because the instability stucture and family didn't do function of the family well. Meanwhile, the second group found that deviant peer is the main reason of adolescent become perpetrators of violence. The weakness from both previous studies are they're only explains from one point of view and didn't see that the two factors are essentially related.

Based on ecological approach, the argument in this study that there is a relations between family and peer groups in adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The study was conducted at the Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak and used a qualitative approach. The informants are adolescent between 10 18 years old who lives in RPSA. This research also used secondary data from previous studies.

This research found that the relation is seen from both family and peer groups point of view of violence that ecourage adolescent become prepetrator of violence. Neighborhood community context, family social networks, and parent's occupation context also effect adolescent as perpetrators of violence. Neighborhood's culture of violence and overnment policy also have contribution in adolescent as prepatrators of violence."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mendeskripsikan peran unit PPA di Polres Metro Jakarta Utara danJakarta Selatan serta tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi dalam penanganankekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatifdengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara terstruktur, observasi danstudi literatur. Hasilnya adalah unit PPA membagi kategori layanannya menjadidua yaitu proses pelayanan korban dan penyelesaian kasus. Faktor-faktor yangmenghambat berasal dari internal korban, eksternal korban dan internal organsiasikepolisian. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah memperbanyak jumlah polwanyang berkualitas dan responsif gender, menambah jumlah unit PPA hinggatingkatan Polsek untuk memaksimalkan jangkauan pelaporan kasus.

---

ABSTRACTThis research describes the role of PPA in North and South Jakarta Resort Policeand identify the obstacles and challenges in handling cases of violence againstwomen. This research used qualitative methods and utilized structured interviewsand observations for data collection. Results show that the PPA divides itsservices into two categories, services for the victims and completion of the case.Inhibiting factors originate internally and externally in the victim, and internallywithin the police. Recruiting more qualified and gender responsive policewomenand add more PPA units on the sub-district level is recommended."

"The concern grows not only from clinical practices, when the researcher has to psychologically empower survivors of sexual violence or violence in personal settings, but also from observing mass violence happened all over Indonesia during the last five years. Being fully aware of the complexity of the phenomena, the research focuses on the philosophy of humankind: on human consciousness and existence. The research questions can be densed and simplified in two: (1) Why does violence persist to happen? In another word, how does the subject make sense of his/her existence and the existence of others, how does the subject make sense of violence, whether as agent, victim, as well as direct/indirect observer? And (2) how to promote ideas to eliminate, or at least, to prevent violence from becoming banal? The research integrates three conceptions as framework, namely Bakker's conception of 'human being as the centre of the universe', the strategy of living proposed by Van Peursen, and Ricouer 's phenomenology of will. The research also uses the works of many, from Lorenz, Midgley, Fromm, Girard, Sartre, Circus, de Beauvoir, Millett, Kappeler, Levinas, Spaemann, Irigaray, to Arendt, to grasp different understandings which will be then integrated into the total notion of human being.From biological perspective to social learning, from analysis. on the strategy of living whether it is dominated by mythical way of thinking or by ontological demarcation, it is realized that violence is almost inseparable from our lives. Subject-object dualism and hierarchical opposition are the way by which people live, causing the subject to objectify and negate The Other. This in turn leads all parties to he suspicious in order to maintain, or reverse the hierarchy. Gender-based violence alone stemmed from positioning women as The Absolute Other without reciprocity, that make women, always having emotional relations with men, face difficulty to define themselves as the Subject. From Arendt we learn that once an action is taken, it can be rolling and multiplying to different directions uncontrollable. Realizing the banality of violence, them, above all, it can be stated that violence is about the will, about human responsibility. How to eliminate violence? There is no unwavering answer. Genuine respect to the dignity of human being and to the plurality of consciousness, openness, care and the attitude of 'careful thinking', as well as the courage to stand against the stream, at the least, may prevent violence from becoming banal."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan pada remaja laki-laki. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 301 orang yang terdiri dari remaja laki-laki di komunitas umum dan remaja laki-laki di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Pengukuran paparan terhadap kekerasan menggunakan alat ukur KID-Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (KID-SAVE) (Flowers et al., 2000) dan pengukuran sikap terhadap kekerasan menggunakan alat ukur Attitudes Towards Violence Scale (ATVS) (Funk et al., 1999). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan pada remaja laki-laki (r = 0.442; p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.05). Artinya, semakin tinggi paparan terhadap kekerasan yang dialami seseorang, maka semakin positif sikapnya terhadap kekerasan. Analisis tambahan menemukan perbedaan paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan yang siginifikan antara partisipan yang berada di komunitas umum dan di lembaga pemasyarakatan.

---

This research was conducted to find the correlation between exposure to violence and attitude toward violence among adolescent boys. The participants of this research are 301 adolescent boys who lived in general community and correctional institution. Exposure to violence was measured using an adaptation of KID-Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (KID-SAVE) scale (Flowers et al., 2000) and attitudes toward violence was measured using an adaptation of Attitudes Towards Violence Scale (ATVS) (Funk et al., 1999).

The results showed that there is a significant correlation between exposure to violence and attitude toward violence (r = 0.448; p = 0.000, significant at L.o.S 0.01). That is, the higher the exposure to violence experienced, the more positive one’s attitude toward violence. Additional analysis also find significant differences in exposure to violence and attitude toward violence between participants who lived in general community and correctional institution."

"Kekerasan terhadap perempuan khususnya dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) memberikan dampak yang sangat merugikan kaum perempuan, baik dari segi fisik, psikis maupun sosial korban. Dampak psikologis yang dominan dirasakan oleh perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah timbulnya PTSD (Post-Traumatic Strees Disorder), seperti: stres, depresi, Dampak jangka pendek (rasa marah, terhina, kehilangan nafsu makan, susah tidur, turun berat badan), rasa tidak berdaya, sering menangis dan berbagai gangguan psikologis lainnya. Dalam hal ini jelas terlihat bahwa KDRT memberikan dampak yang sangat mengganggu pada Ketahanan Individu seorang perempuan yang menjadi korban KDRT hingga beberapa diantaranya berdampak pada keinginan untuk bunuh diri. P2TP2A DKI Jakarta memberikan berbagai pelayanan, salah satunya di bidang pemberdayaan psikologis perempuan korban KDRT agar terciptanya Ketahanan Individu yang lebih baik dengan cara melakukan pendampingan psikologis, advokasi, informasi, mediasi serta rujukan ke rumah aman (Shelter). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif dan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), observasi dan studi dokumentasi, dimana informannya adalah lima orang Perempuan korban KDRT dan tiga orang Petugas Pendamping/Konselor dan Psikolog yang bertugas pada Lembaga P2TP2A DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bentuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang paling banyak ditemui adalah kekerasan ganda (fisik,psikis, seksual & ekonomi), yang berdampak buruk pada kondisi fisik dan psikis korban sehingga akhirnya akan mengganggu Ketahanan Individu korban. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bentuk pemberdayaan psikologis yang dilakukan oleh Psikolog yang bertugas di P2TP2A DKI Jakarta adalah dengan cara memberikan konseling psikologis, membentuk kelompok dukungan (support group) dan rujukan ke rumah aman (Shelter). Pemberdayaan psikologis yang dilakukan oleh P2TP2A ini bermanfaat dalam mendukung dan membantu korban agar kembali berdaya dan tidak terpuruk dalam kekerasan sehingga mampu bangkit dan menggunakan kembali mekanisme psikologiknya secara optimal dalam rangka menanggulangi permasalahan yang dimilikinya sebagai proses menuju Ketahanan Individu yang lebih baik agar dapat berpartisipasi di segala bidang kehidupan khususnya dan Pembangunan Nasional pada umumnya.

---

Domestic violence against women has resulted in considerable detriment to them of physical, psychological and social disadvantages. The most dominating psychological effect occurs to women due to the abuse in their domestic situation which causes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This can cause stress and depression. The short-term consequences appear in the form of anger, feeling humiliated, loss of appetite, sleep disorder, losing weight, powerlessness, feeling sorrow as well as other psychological matters. It becomes obvious that domestic violence has attributed to women's individual resilience in the way of their roles in society and the worst case scenario is that some women even attempt suicide. The P2TP2A DKI Jakarta provides assistance in the form of counseling. One of the skills taught is self-empowerment of abused-women. This should assist them with being able to get on their feet. The victimized women will be assisted to gain their resilience through psychological support, advice, information, mediation and access to shelter.

The research method that was used to gain information consisted of a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, observations, and library research. The subjects were five victimized-women suffering from domestic violence and the counselor as well as psychiatrist who worked at P2PT2A Institution DKI Jakarta. The research found that multi-forms of violence were common involved physical, psychological and sexual abuses as well as economic reasons. Those abusive matters leave unbearable consequences on the victims both physical and mentality and finally disturb the victims individual resilience.

Based on the research, the psychiatrist at P2TP2A DKI Jakarta have suggested that counseling, establishing support groups and shelters are the best forms of psychological empowerment. The psychological empowerment is useful in support and helping the victims to regain their capabilities so they are to get on their feet. They are supposed to reconnect their psychological mechanisms to optimum level to assist in coping with the problems they face. Having achieved the better individual resilience, they will be able to participate in their social life in particular and generally in the National Development."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor demografis (usia, pendidikan terakhir ayah, dan pendidikan terakhir ibu), individual (psychlogical distress, self-esteem, serta time perspective untuk dimensi orientasi masa depan dan masa kini), dan lingkungan (paparan terhadap kekerasan) yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kemunculan perilaku kriminalitas berkekerasan pada remaja laki-laki. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 274 orang yang terdiri dari 88 remaja laki-laki di lembaga pemasyarakatan yang memiliki status tahanan kriminalitas berkekerasan dan 186 remaja laki-laki di komunitas yang bersekolah di sekolah dengan akreditasi B. Masing-masing variabel diukur secara kuantitatif pada seluruh partisipan dan analisis logistic regression digunakan untuk melihat variabel yang secara signifikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku kriminalitas berkekerasan pada kedua kelompok tersebut. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel usia, pendidikan terakhir ayah, dan paparan terhadap kekerasan terhadap kemunculan perilaku kriminalitas berkekerasan pada remaja laki-laki di lembaga pemasyarakatan dan komunitas.

---

This study aimed to determine the demographic factors (age, father's education level, and mother's education level), individual factors (psychological distress, self-esteem, and time perspective dimension of orientation to the future and the present), and environment factor (exposure to violence) that significantly affect the emergence violent criminal behavior among male adolescents. Participants in this study amounted to 274 people, consist of 88 male adolescents in incarceration that has the status of violent crimes inmates and 186 male adolescent in the community who attend schools with accreditation B. Each variable measured quantitatively on all participants and logistic regression was used to analyze which variables that had a significant influence on violent criminal behavior among both groups. Results from this study is that there is a significant influence of the variables age, father's education level, and exposure to violence on the emergence violent criminal behavior among male adolescents."

"ABSTRAK Suatu tindakan agresi dapat diterima dan dibiarkan oleh individu karenadipersepsi legitim. Studi ini hendak menguji hipotesis bahwa keterancaman sistemmempengaruhi persepsi legitimasi suatu tindakan agresi. Menurut systemjustification theory, setiap individu berupaya untuk membela dan memberipembenaran terhadap sistem di mana ia menjadi bagiannya, khususnya ketikasistem berada dalam keterancaman (system threat). Melalui metode eksperimen,keterancaman ini diuji pada dua domain: sistem sosiopolitik dan sistem agama.Dalam studi 1, keterancaman sistem sosiopolitik pada partisipanmahasiswa tidak memberi efek yang signifikan terhadap persepsi legitimasiperilaku agresi. Begitu pula halnya pada studi 2, tidak efek dari keterancamansistem agama eterhadap persepsi legitimasi agresi pada partisipan mahasiswa yangdiberi kondisis keterancaman tinggi. Meski tidak didapatkan perbedaan nilai yangsignifikan antara persepsi legitimasi agresi dalam kondisi keterancaman tinggi danketerancaman rendah, ada interaksi pada domain agama.

---

ABSTRACT An act of aggression is acceptable and tolerated because people perceive itlegitimate. This study test hypothesis that system threat effects on perceivedlegitimacy of aggression. According to system justification theory, everyindividual seeks to defend and justify their system, especially when the system isunder threat. Through experimental methods, system threat tested on twodomains: socio-political systems and religious systems.In study 1, high threat exposure on socio-political systems have nosignificant effect on the perception of the legitimacy of aggressive behavior.Similarly, in study 2, no effect of system threat on perceived legitimacy ofaggression to participants who were given high threat condition on their religioussystem. Although no significant effect were proven statistically from the twoexperiments, we found there were slight interaction between system threat and itseffect on perceived legitimacy of aggression for religion domain."