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"ABSTRACTECOSYSTEM SERVICES. The term of Ecosystem Services (ES) is defined as the benefits that people obtain from ecosystem. ES are divided into four services, namely supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural. Supporting services are the ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem. Provisioning services are the products obtained from ecosystems. Regulating services are the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem procceses, while cultural services are the non material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. This article presents component and analysis ofcoastal ecosystem services."

"Degradation on coral reef ecosystem is increasing day by day due to both natural and human factors, and it is greatly affecting to the catches of fishermen. Natural damages can be caused by he tsunami, global warming, predators and so on. Whiles people are destroying the ecosystem to the lack of awareness, necessities, poverty and greed. One of the coastal ecosystem rehabilitation efforts is b making artificial reef. There are four artificial reef functions i.e. to collect marine organisms in order to improve capture efficiency (attractant); increase natural productivity by providing new habitat for sessil biota; maintain the balance of food chain cycle; and providing habitat and stimulates coral recruitment and other organism. This article present the designs, benefit and future recommendation for artificial reef management"

"MANGROVE CRAB UCA SPP (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: OCYPODIDAE). In Indonesia, many found the river estuary waters with mangrove forests are an important area for mangrove crabs. Crustacean fauna of the mangrove ecosystem is dominated by the crabs of Uca spp. this is often found in mud, forest floor, ponds and mangrove logging areas. Uca spp. is a type of crab that live in holes or soaking in the substrate and are permanent residents of mangrove forests. Crab Uca spp. can adapt well to dig holes because the water that is in the hole can help regulate body temperature through evaporation. Uca crab has important body parts as characters for identification that are: the size of the face of carapace (rostrum), orbital area (the area around the eyes), gonopode (male), gonopore (females), large claws (male) and small claws. While large claws on an adult male is a key character, so that its is very important."

"Coupling between atmosphere and oceans can affect the global climate change. In the Indian Ocean, there is natural climate variation phenomenon caused by coupling between atmosphere and oceans, called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). There are two types of IOD phase based on differences condition of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in western and eastern Indian Ocean, i.e. positive and negative IOD. When positive IOD occurs, the SST in western Indian Ocean is warmer than usual while SST in Sumatera is colder than usual, and vice versa for negative IOD. IOD can be detected using Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The phenomenon of drought on one side of Indian Ocean and heavy rains on the other side is a direct impact of IOD phenomenon, IOD can also affects to the productivity of the oceans, fisheries, ecosystems and carbon budget."

"Penilia avirostris, Kladosera laut kosmopolitan. Penilia avirorostris adalah salah satu jenis dari delapan jenis Kladosera yang hidup di laut sebagai zooplankton. Walaupun keanekaragaman kladosera sangat rendah di perairan marin, namun distribusi jenis-jenisnya sangat luas mulai dari perairan hangat sampai perairan beriklim sedang (temperate). Penilia avirostris memiliki kemampuan reproduksi secara partenogenesis dan gametogenesis. Ketika kondisi lingkungan mendukung kehidupan (favorable) maka reproduksi dilakukan secara partenogenesis, sebaliknya ketika lingkungan kurang mendukung maka akan bereproduksi secara gametogenesis. Kemampuan beradaptasi yang tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan ekstrim dengan cara dormansi atau hibernasi, diduga sangat berpengaruh terhadap semakin luasnya daerah persebaran. "