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"ABSTRAKEven though Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been running in Indonesia since 2006, the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women remains high in some districts in Indonesia. The PMTCT program aims to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child. Thus it requires an examination of the PMTCT program implementation. The study was a qualitative study on PMTCT program implementation in South Jakarta, Indonesia, whereas the proportion of children with HIV positive in the area was quite high. The analysis used domain analysis by looking the implementation of PMTCT as a system consisting of input, process and output. PMTCT strategy is based on a comprehensive four-pronged strategy. This study found that scaling-up communication and education about PMTCT program from health provider to community was needed. In the first prong, there was no specific health provider for PMTCT program, it was still integrated with the MCH staff. PMTCT program did not disseminate information to the community.Therefore, it seemed that it was underutilized. In the second prong, implementation of HIV testing and counseling for couples of women living with HIV remained a bottleneck because women living with HIV felt fear to inform their HIV status to their partners. Thus, counseling and HIV testing for couples have not benefited at all. These women were unsatisfied with the quality of counseling, and the failure to provide antiretroviral treatments. This study found the low coverage and less responsiveness of PMTCT program to build a network of partners with various elements of government."

"Kasus HIV dan AIDS di Indonesia terus meningkat. Sementara untuk penularan dari ibu ke bayi atau anak, jika tidak dilakukan intervensi program PPIA, kemungkinan penularannya akan lebih besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan peran penentu baik bidang kesehatan dan non kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan program PPIA. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan mengambil lokasi di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yaitu melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari survei fasilitas kesehatan yang dilakukan di Papua. Jumlah informan adalah 11 orang.Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan pelaksanaan program PPIA dilihat dari peran sistem kesehatan masih kurang memadai. Mengingat luasnya wilayah dan kesulitan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, Pemerintah Daerah perlu segera melakukan perluasan layanan PPIA yang komprehensif, pemberian Obat ARV pada ibu hamil dan kebutuhan reagen, serta dukungan psikososial pada ODHA.

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HIV and AIDS cases are increasing progressively. Especially on HIV transmission from mother to child, the possibility is greater than others if we do not apply PMTCT intervention. The objective of this research is to determine role of health system to the implementation of PMTCT. This is qualitative research located in Jayawijaya district. Primary data is collected through in depth interview, observation, and documentation, while secondary data is collected based on health facilities survey in Papua. The informant of this research is 11 people.This research is resulting insufficient PMTCT coverage due to the weak of health system. Access to health facilities is still challenging, so local government is required to provide and expand comprehensive PMTCT services, ensuring provision of HIV related commodities to people living with HIV."

"The National Health Insurance (NHI) Program was implemented in Indonesia on January 1st 2014. This program definitely brings some changes into managerialaspect in public health center (PHC). This study aimed to determine an impact of NHI policy in the implementation of health promotion programs at PHCin South Tangerang City, Indonesia. This study was conducted using qualitative method during February and March 2016. The impact of NHI is seen on policy,budget, equipment, human resource and implementation of health promotion program. With purposive sampling method, six policy makers, eight serviceproviders and eight service users were selected for in-depth interview. 17 documents were analyzed. Observation was conducted at four selected PHC’s.Data analysis used thematic content analysis. There was no difference of PHC’s functions before and after NHI period. Budget expended for health promotionprograms increased after NHI was implemented which could represent an opportunity for PHC to innovate, procure materials and implement better healthpromotion programs. Capitation budget which could be used for executing health promotion program and some recently implemented health promotion programsin the NHI era evidences that NHI policy has a positive impact on the implementation of health promotion programs at PHC.Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah diimplementasikan di Indonesia pada 1 Januari 2014. Hal tersebut membawa beberapa perubahan pada aspekmanajerial pada pusat kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak dari kebijakan JKN terhadap implementasiprogram promosi kesehatan di puskesmas di Kota Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan padaFebruari – Maret 2016. Dampak program dilihat dalam hal kebijakan, pendanaan, fasilitas, sumber daya manusia dan pelaksanaan program promosi kesehatan.Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, enam pengambil kebijakan, delapan pemberi layanan dan delapan penerima layanan diambil sebagaiinforman dalam penelitian ini. Pada analisis dokumen, 17 dokumen telah dianalisis. Observasi dilakukan dengan melihat kegiatan yang dilakukan diempat puskesmas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis konten tematik. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dari fungsi puskesmas sebelum dan setelah adanya JKN.Dana yang digunakan untuk kegiatan promosi kesehatan telah mengalami peningkatan setelah implementasi kebijakan JKN dimana dana tersebut dapat digunakanuntuk berinovasi, memberi peralatan dan melakukan promosi kesehatan dengan lebih baik. Dana kapitasi yang dapat digunakan untuk melaksanakanprogram promosi kesehatan dan beberapa kegiatan promosi kesehatan yang baru dilaksanakan pada saat era JKN menjadi bukti bahwa kebijakan JKN memilikidampak positif terhadap pelaksanaan program promosi kesehatan di puskesmas"

"Abstrak"

"ABSTRAKKondisi HIV/AIDS menimbulkan stres bagi para penederitanya. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi stres adalah mencari dukungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stres orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Kota Depok. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 77 orang dengan HIV/AIDS dengan menggunakan metode pengampilan sampel consequtive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Medical Outcomes Sosial Support Survey HIVdan Perceives Stress Scale HIV. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa dukungan sosial yang diterima responden tergolong tinggi (55,8%) dan tingkat stres responden berada dalam kategori stres berat (80,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menemukan bahwa ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stres (p< 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan dukungan sosial sebagai salah satu cara untuk membantu orang dengan HIV/AIDS menurunkan tingkat stresnya, dengan memberikan prioritas yang lebih pada dukungan materi."

"ABSTRAKThis study aimed to measure parasitology parameters (microfilariae rate, microfilariae density), immunology parameter (antigen prevalence), and entomology parameters (infection rate and infective rate) after the fifth year of mass treatment at Pabean Village, Pekalongan City. This study was an observational study with cross-sectional approach that was conducted in July to August 2015 in Pabean Subdistrict, Pekalongan City. The microfilaria rate and microfilariae density were determined by finger blood survey of 313 respondents. Meanwhile, the antigen prevalence was determined by calculating the circulating antigen using the immunochromatographic test (ICT) Wuchereria bancrofti method. Finally, the infective rate and infection rate were both explicitly defined by detecting filarial worm larvae in the mosquitoes of man biting mosquitos collection. The results showed that the mf rate was 0.32% with average microfilariae density of 167/mL blood, the antigen prevalence of the calculation was 0%, the infection rate was 0.06% and the infective rate was 0%. In conclusion, after the fifth year of mass treatment in Pabean Area, Pekalongan City, the area is no longer included into the filariasis endemic areas and the transmission parameters has no potential in causing the filariasis spreading."

"ABSTRAKEfektifitas dari suatu program komunikasi kesehatan yang berkelanjutan ditentukan oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya adalah kebutuhan yang tinggi dari khalayak akan informasi kesehatan. Kebutuhan yang tinggi akan informasi kesehatan pada hakekatnya merupakan resultante dari minat, kebutuhan, masalah diri dan peta pengetahuan. Di lihat dari perspektif perluasan peta pengetahuan, kebutuhan informasi erat hubungannya dengan keterpaparan khalayak terhadap beragam saluran komunikasi, di antaranya pemaparan media komunikasi massa dan pemaparan komunikasi interpersonal. Namun penelitian yang mengupas hubungan antara keterpaparan terhadap informasi dengan kebutuhan informasi, terutama di Jawa Barat masih kurang. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini memusatkan perhatian pada upaya untuk memperoleh gambaran bagaimana hubungan antara dua variabel tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan hasil Studi Jaringan Informasi Kesehatan di Jawa Barat tahun 1994, yang merupakan kerjasama Bagian Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia dengan Sub Pinas PKM Jawa Barat. Dengan demikian tahap penetapan disain penelitian dan pengumpulan data tidak dilakukan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemaparan media komunikasi massa dan pemaparan komunikasi interpersonal memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan tingkat kebutuhan informasi kesehatan. Namun keterpaparan terhadap informasi kesehatan melalui komunikasi interpersonal memiliki nilai OR (4-5.0) yang lebih besar dari pada OR pemaparan media komunikasi massa (1.3-2.0). Adapun model hubungan antar dua variabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan informasi adalah fungsi dari pemaparan komunikasi interpersonal, pemaparan media elektronik (televisi, radio), media cetak (poster-poster kesehatan, surat kabar) dan karakteristik tempat tinggal.Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar dalam upaya meningkatkan kebutuhan informasi kesehatan dilakukan pendekatan kepada pengelola program untuk mendayagunakan potensi jaringan informasi setempat, sekaligus meningkatkan upaya komunikasi massa melalui televisi, poster, radio, dan surat kabar.

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ABSTRACT

Effectivity of the sustainable health communication program depend on any factors, such as high information need among the audience. High information need is the resultance of attention, need, self problem and cognitive map. If seen the expanding on the cognitive map, information need have strong relation with audience exposed of the any communication channels, such as mass communication and interpersonal communication exposure. But the research that studying on the relationship between information exposed and information need, especially of the pregnant women and under five years children mother on West Java is minimally. Thus, focusing the research is making the description on the relationship between two variables.

This research used the data of the Health Information Network Study, in West Java, 1994. The study is cooperation among Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia with Health Community Education Affairs, Province of West Java. Just the research design fixing and data collection not doing.

The result from this research give me the description that mass communication exposure and interpersonal communication exposure have the significance relationship with health information need among the audience. But the interpersonal communication exposed have the Odds Ratio (4-5.0) bigger than the mass communication exposed (1.3-2.0). Information need model is the function of interpersonal communication exposure, electronic media exposure (television and radio), printed media (posters, newspapers) and residential characteristic. From the result, I am proposing, if we are improving the health information need, we must approaching to program mangers to use the local information network, and similarly launching the mass communication effort via television, posters, radio and newspapers."

"ABSTRAKFood provider at university is one of places that needs to implement standards of food hygiene and sanitation (FHS). This study aimed to evaluate and analyze practices of food hygiene and sanitation based on Decree of Health Minister No. 1098 of 2003 and best practices in six food providers at University X. This study used mixed method evaluation with sequential explanatory design through two stages. Stage I was in the forms of assessment on six food providers, food handlers and laboratory examination on food and beverage samples as well as on eating utensils. Stage II was in the form of focus group discussion (FGD) to deepen findings at stage I. The results of this study showed that 100 of food providers had not yet met the governments regulation. As much as 67 of eating utensils and 83 of food were contaminated with bacteria. Based on food handler examination results, 100 of food handlers were not yet to get medical checkups and training. FGD results indicated that findings at stage I were associated with a lack of knowledge among food handlers and the absence of special unit to oversee food hygiene and sanitation at campus. In conclusion, six food providers in the study area have not met the regulation."

"Toddler is a group at risk of undernutrition in which World Health Organization stated that toddler mortality because of undernutrition was 54% in 2002. InIndonesia, its prevalence increased from 17.9% in 2010 to 19.6% in 2013. In Tangerang City, there was 1.43% of toddlers suffering from undernutrition in2013. This study aimed to prove in valid the relation between Hearth Program, which covered behaviors of food providing, toddler’s hygiene, health care seekingand toddler parenting, with undernutrition incidence among toddlers. This study was quantitative, cross-sectional, using primary data, analyzed in univariate,bivariate and multivariate within September 2015. Samples were taken by total sampling as many as 60 toddlers suffering from undernutrition in TangerangCity. Results showed that 12 (20%) of 60 toddlers suffered from very underweight nutrition and the remaining 48 toddlers (80%) suffered from underweightnutrition. There was a relation between food-providing behavior and health-care seeking behavior with undernutrition among toddlers. Variable food-providingbehavior was the dominant factor influencing undernutrition among toddlers with OR = 4.655 (CI = 1.052 – 20.6) after controlled by the variable healthcare-seeking behavior.Kelompok yang rentan terhadap gizi kurang adalah anak bawah lima tahun (balita). World Health Organization menyatakan kematian balita akibat gizi kurangsebesar 54% pada tahun 2002. Di Indonesia, prevalensinya mengalami peningkatan dari 17,9% tahun 2010 menjadi 19,6% tahun 2013. Di KotaTangerang, terdapat 1,43% balita yang mengalami gizi buruk tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara valid hubungan Program PosGizi yang meliputi perilaku pemberian makan, kebersihan balita, pencarian pelayanan kesehatan dan pengasuhan balita dengan kejadian gizi kurang padabalita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, potong lintang, menggunakan data primer serta dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat selamabulan September 2015. Sampel diambil secara total sampling sebanyak 60 balita yang mengalami gizi kurang di Kota Tangerang. Hasil menunjukkanbahwa dari 60 balita yang mengalami gizi kurang, sebanyak 12 balita (20%) mengalami gizi sangat kurus dan sisanya sejumlah 48 balita (80%) mengalamigizi kurus. Terdapat hubungan perilaku pemberian makan dan pencarian pelayanan kesehatan dengan gizi kurang pada balita. Variabel perilaku pemberianmakan merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi gizi kurang pada balita dengan OR = 4,655 (CI = 1,052 – 20,6) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perilakumencari pelayanan kesehatan."

"ABSTRAKBy 2015, 68% of deaths in Indonesia are due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and are forecast to increase to 74% by 2030. Riskesdas data of 2013 show that 69.6% of cases of diabetes mellitus and 63.2% of cases of hypertension have not been diagnosed. The government has been trying to proactively make efforts to prevent NCD through the implementation of Posbindu (Integrated Health Post) NCD, but visit Posbindu NCD in the work area of Pasir Mulya Puskesmas, Bogor City is very diverse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of management, communication, partnership, and innovation in the implementation of Posbindu NCD and determinants of the implementation of Posbindu NCD. We conducted in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document review and observation at two Posbindu NCD with the highest number of visits and the lowest in Gunung Batu Village, Bogor City in 2017. We interviewed 15 informants, consisting of cadres, in charge of NCD Puskesmas, in charge of Puskesmas Pembantu and supervisor of Posbindu NCD. This research found 4 factors, namely management (human resources, fund, and facilities), innovation, communication and partnership that influence the result of Posbindu implementation. Therefore, to run effectively the Posbindu NCD program, then 4 of those factors need to be optimized.ABSTRAKPada tahun 2015 sebanyak 68% kematian di Indonesia disebabkan penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dan diproyeksi meningkat menjadi 74% tahun 2030. Data Riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan bahwa 69,6% kasus diabetes melitus dan 63,2% kasus hipertensi belum terdiagnosis. Pemerintah proaktif melakukan upaya pencegahan PTM melaluipelaksanaan Posbindu PTM. Data kunjungan Posbindu PTM di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pasir Mulya, Kota Bogor menunjukkan jumlah yang sangat beragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor manajemen, komunikasi, kemitraan, dan inovasi dalam pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM dan faktor penentu pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM. Disainpenelitian adalah studi kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion (FGD), telaah dokumen, dan observasi di dua Posbindu PTM dengan jumlah kunjungan tertinggi dan terendah di Kelurahan Gunung Batu, Kota Bogor tahun 2017. Informan penelitian sebanyak 15 orang yang terdiri dari kader, penanggung jawab program PTM Puskesmas, penanggung jawab Puskesmas Pembantu dan pembina Posbindu PTM. Penelitian menemukan terdapat perbedaan manajemen (SDM, dana, dan sarana), inovasi, komunikasi dan kemitraan antara Posbindu RW 1 dan RW 7 yang memengaruhi hasil pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM. Keempat faktor tersebut pada Posbindu dengan kunjungan terbanyak berjalan lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan Posbindu dengan kunjungan terendah. Agar program PosbinduPTM dapat berjalan efektif maka perlu optimalisasi faktor manajemen, inovasi, komunikasi dan kemitraan."