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"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pengenaan cukai rokok elektrik terhadap konsumsi rokok konvensional di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data makro agregat konsumsi rokok tahun 2015-2020 yang diestimasi menggunakan OLS, 2SLS, GMM dan System-GMM, terbukti cukai rokok elektrik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap konsumsi rokok konvensional menggunakan model statis, adiksi miopik, dan adiksi rasional. Rokok elektrik dan rokok konvensional memiliki hubungan substitusi dan perokok di Indonesia rasional dalam mengkonsumsi rokok saat ini. Untuk itu Pemerintah harus membuat desain kebijakan cukai yang lebih efektif dan seimbang serta lebih fokus pada future effect dalam upaya pengendalian konsumsi produk tembakau.

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This study analyzes the effect of e-cigarette excise on conventional cigarette consumption in Indonesia. Using aggregate macro data on cigarette consumption period 2015-2020 estimated using OLS, 2SLS, GMM, and System-GMM, the study found that e-cigarette excise had a positive and significant effect on conventional cigarette consumption using static, myopic, and rational addiction models. E-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes have substitution relationships and smokers in Indonesia are rational in consuming cigarettes today. For this reason, Government must design excise policies that are more effective and balanced and focus on the future effect in efforts to control the consumption of tobacco products"

"The National Health Insurance (NHI) Program was implemented in Indonesia on January 1st 2014. This program definitely brings some changes into managerialaspect in public health center (PHC). This study aimed to determine an impact of NHI policy in the implementation of health promotion programs at PHCin South Tangerang City, Indonesia. This study was conducted using qualitative method during February and March 2016. The impact of NHI is seen on policy,budget, equipment, human resource and implementation of health promotion program. With purposive sampling method, six policy makers, eight serviceproviders and eight service users were selected for in-depth interview. 17 documents were analyzed. Observation was conducted at four selected PHC’s.Data analysis used thematic content analysis. There was no difference of PHC’s functions before and after NHI period. Budget expended for health promotionprograms increased after NHI was implemented which could represent an opportunity for PHC to innovate, procure materials and implement better healthpromotion programs. Capitation budget which could be used for executing health promotion program and some recently implemented health promotion programsin the NHI era evidences that NHI policy has a positive impact on the implementation of health promotion programs at PHC.Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah diimplementasikan di Indonesia pada 1 Januari 2014. Hal tersebut membawa beberapa perubahan pada aspekmanajerial pada pusat kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak dari kebijakan JKN terhadap implementasiprogram promosi kesehatan di puskesmas di Kota Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan padaFebruari – Maret 2016. Dampak program dilihat dalam hal kebijakan, pendanaan, fasilitas, sumber daya manusia dan pelaksanaan program promosi kesehatan.Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, enam pengambil kebijakan, delapan pemberi layanan dan delapan penerima layanan diambil sebagaiinforman dalam penelitian ini. Pada analisis dokumen, 17 dokumen telah dianalisis. Observasi dilakukan dengan melihat kegiatan yang dilakukan diempat puskesmas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis konten tematik. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dari fungsi puskesmas sebelum dan setelah adanya JKN.Dana yang digunakan untuk kegiatan promosi kesehatan telah mengalami peningkatan setelah implementasi kebijakan JKN dimana dana tersebut dapat digunakanuntuk berinovasi, memberi peralatan dan melakukan promosi kesehatan dengan lebih baik. Dana kapitasi yang dapat digunakan untuk melaksanakanprogram promosi kesehatan dan beberapa kegiatan promosi kesehatan yang baru dilaksanakan pada saat era JKN menjadi bukti bahwa kebijakan JKN memilikidampak positif terhadap pelaksanaan program promosi kesehatan di puskesmas"

"Continuity of breastfeeding process when mothers return to work is a serious issue that immediately must be followed up, so that exclusive breastfeedingprogram within the first six months can be achieved. Beside providing many benefits for babies, breastfeeding is also beneficial for mothers and entrepreneurs.This study aimed to determine relation of working mothers to exclusive breastfeeding. This study used was cross-sectional design with secondary dataof Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 with samples as many as 1,193 mothers aged 15 – 49 years who had 0 – 5-month-old babies. Basedon multivariate analysis, working mothers could decrease opportunity of exclusive breastfeeding in which mother who worked all the time were 1.54 timesmore likely not to give exclusive breastfeeding than mothers who did not work after controlled by maternal age at childbirth, household wealth index, and antenatalcare frequency (p = 0.038; 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.3). Fulltime working mothers are twofold more likely to not be able to give exclusive breasfedding thanunemployed mothers after being controlled by counfounder variable.Keberlangsungan proses menyusui pada saat ibu kembali bekerja merupakan isu serius yang harus segera ditindaklanjuti agar program pemberian Air SusuIbu (ASI) eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan dapat tercapai. Selain memberikan banyak manfaat bagi bayi, ASI juga bermanfaat bagi ibu danpengusaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ibu bekerja terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potonglintang dengan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dengan sampel berjumlah 1.193 ibu berusia 15 – 49 tahunyang memiliki bayi berusia 0-5 bulan. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, ibu bekerja dapat menurunkan peluang pemberian ASI eksklusif dimana ibu yang bekerjasepanjang waktu lebih berisiko 1,54 kali untuk tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif dibandingkan ibu yang tidak bekerja setelah dikontrol oleh usia melahirkanibu, indeks kesejahteraan rumah tangga dan frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan (p = 0,038; CI 95% = 1,0 - 2,3). Ibu bekerja dua kali memiliki peluang untuktidak dapat memberikan ASI eksklusif daripada ibu yang tidak bekerja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perancu."

"AbstrakThe consumption of fresh vegetables at the stalls needs serious attention. This research aimed to estimate the exposure probability due to fresh vegetables consumption of street food consumers, to measure sanitation level of street stalls that serving fresh vegetables, and to recommend a mentoring program for the stalls at four locations in Bogor City. This research was conducted at 16 stalls located at four locations in Bogor City. The number of respondents surveyed was 293 people and determined by stratified sampling method. Food frequency questionnaire was used as a tool in the survey. The survey showed that men consumed more fresh vegetables than women with the average of 47.12 g/person/consumption and frequency 3.37 times/week (p<0.05). Adults consumed fresh vegetables at the stalls most often with 3.05 times/week and the average consumption of 44.59 g/person/consumption (p<0.05). All street stalls were at level IV of sanitary practices. Thus, there is a risk of food safety in consuming fresh vegetables at the stalls at four locations in Bogor City. Men and adults had high exposure probability to microbiological hazards due to fresh vegetables consumption at the stalls. Mentoring program for all locations involving socialization and implementation of street stall management and sanitation practices regulations by government, full awareness of street vendors in complying with the prevailing regulations, and firm action for the vendors who violate the rules."

"Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors.

Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015.The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analyzed.

Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37±11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR 2.054), BMI >30kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD.

Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors."

"The majority of female batik workers uses non-ergonomic chairs (dingklik) that pose risks of musculoskeletal disorders.This study aimed to design an ergonomic chair and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal disordersamong the workers. This is a quasi-experimental study (using one group pre and post-test design) on 50 female batikworkers selected by quota sampling. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured among the samples before and after theuse of the designed ergonomic chair which they were asked to use for two months. T-test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon test,McNemar test and Chi Square test were used for the analysis. The study found statistical significant differences of riskfactor against musculoskeletal disorders among the workers before and after their use of the designed ergonomic chair(p< 0.05); and of musculoskeletal disorders before and after using the ergonomic chair (p= 0,035). Body Mass Index(BMI) was identified as a confounding factor, and statistical significant difference of musculoskeletal disorders werealso found among the workers with <25 and >25 BMI even before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033 andp=0.015 respectively). By ANCOVA statistical test, after controlling BMI, another statistical difference ofmusculoskeletal disorders was also identified before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033). It is concluded thatthe designed ergonomic chair is effective to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders."

"Cardiovascular disease causes 8.6 million deaths of women every year, which is the major cause of death by one-third of all deaths of women in the world.Half of all deaths of women older than 50 years old is caused by cardiovascular and stroke diseases. This study aimed to analyze risk factors related to coronaryheart disease among women aged older than 45 years at Dody Sarjoto Makassar Air Force Hospital 2016. The total of sample was 76 consisting of 64cases of coronary heart disease and 12 non-coronary heart disease. Determination of sample used purposive sampling. Primary data were obtained throughinterview to respondents using questionnaire and direct interview. Data were analyzed by using contingency correlation coefficient (Exp (B)) test to identifysignificant relation between dependent and independent variables. Results found were hypertension (Exp (B) = 0.309), obesity (Exp (B) = 0.140), diabetesmellitus (Exp (B) = 0.164) and dyslipidemia (Exp (B) = 0.185), as proven having relation with coronary heart disease among women aged older than 45 years,and the factor which had the most significant relation was dyslipidemia.Penyakit kardiovaskuler menyebabkan 8.6 juta kematian pada perempuan setiap tahun, yang merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak, yaitu sepertiga dariseluruh kematian perempuan di seluruh dunia. Setengah dari seluruh kematian perempuan berusia di atas 50 tahun disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung danstroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun di RumahSakit TNI AU Dody Sarjoto Makassar. Besar sampel sebanyak 76 sampel yang terdiri dari 64 kasus penyakit jantung koroner dan 12 kasus non penyakit jantungkoroner. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden dengan menggunakankuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji koefisien korelasi kontingensi (Exp (B)) terhadap variabel independen dandependen. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah obesitas (Exp (B) = 0.140), diabetes mellitus (Exp (B) = 0.164), dan dislipidemia (Exp (B) = 0.185) terbuktimemiliki hubungan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun dan faktor yang memiliki hubungan paling besar adalah dislipidemia."