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""The second of Gilbert Rozman's contributed volumes on East Asian national identity traces how efforts to draw a sharp divide between one country's identity and that of another shape relations in the post-Cold War era. It examines the two-way relations of Japan, South Korea, and China, introducing the concept of a national identity gap to estimate the degree to which the identities of two countries target each other as negative contrasts. This concept is then applied to China's reinterpretation from 2009-11 of the gap between its identity and that of the United States. Each pairing represents a key relationship through which an Asian country has historically shaped its identity, and is striving to reshape it. The volume begins with experts' analyses of how Japan, South Korea and China have changed their diplomatic environment in Asia in order to transform identity. In the second half of the book, Rozman reflects on the discomfort all three East Asian countries have from excessive dependence on the United States. He concentrates on Chinese discourse in particular, as analyzed through the ideological, temporal, sectoral, vertical, and horizontal dimensions of national identity. Even if foreign policy turns more cautionary for a time, Rozman argues that China's inflammatory identity discourse, which remains at an intensity unmatched in the other countries, will continue to have a chilling effect on prospects for pragmatic diplomacy with the U.S"--ContentsMachine generated contents note: pt. I BILATERAL RELATIONS AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES WITHIN EAST ASIAIntroduction: Conceptualizing National Identity Gaps within East Asia /​ Gilbert Rozman1.The Search for a Japanese National Identity by Foreign Service Officials /​ Kazuhiko Togo2.National Identities and South Korea-Japan Relations /​ Cheol Hee Park3.National Identities and Sino-Japanese Relations /​ Ming Wan4.National Identities and Sino-South Korean Relations /​ See-Won Byun5.The Rediscovery of the Tianxia World Order /​ Yongnian Zhengpt. II NATIONAL IDENTITY GAPS AND THE UNITED STATESIntroduction: The U.S. Factor and East Asian National Identity Gaps /​ Gilbert Rozman6.East Asian National Identities and International Relations Studies /​ Gilbert Rozman7.Chinese National Identity and East Asian National Identity Gaps /​ Gilbert Rozman8.Chinese National Identity and the Sino-U.S. Civilizational Gap /​ Gilbert Rozman."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas representasi identitas nasional Swedia yang terdapat di dalam media promosi IKEA dan mengunkap keterkaitan antara identitas nasional Swedia yang direpresentasikan oleh IKEA dengan diplomasi publik yang dilakukan oleh IKEA sebagai aktor non-negara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain induktif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa IKEA dan Swedia juga memiliki hubungan timbal balik yang menguntungkan dalam melakukan proses representasi identitas nasional ini. Selain itu, terjadi proses negosiasi dan adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh IKEA dalam merepresentasikan identitas nasional Swedia di negara yang berbeda-beda agar IKEA dapat lebih mudah diterima oleh masyarakat setempat. Di sisi lain, IKEA juga melakukan proses diplomasi publik dan dapat dianggap sebagai aktor diplomasi publik non-negara. IKEA menemui masalah kontroversial yang memiliki dampak negatif terhadap citranya dihadapan publik selama menjalankan kegiatan komunikasi. Namun demikian, dengan menggunakan identitas nasional Swedia sebagai salah satu alat diplomasinya, IKEA mampu mempertahankan reputasi dan citranya sehingga memiliki legitimasi dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai aktor diplomasi publik non-negara.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the representation of Swedish national identity in the promotional media published by IKEA and the link between the Swedish national identity represented by IKEA and the public diplomacy action conducted by IKEA as a non state actor. This study is a qualitative research with inductive design. The analysis found that IKEA and Sweden have a favorable and reciprocal relationship in the process of representation of Swedish national identity done by IKEA. In addition, there is a process of negotiation and adaptation by IKEA in representing Swedish national identity in different countries so that IKEA can be more easily accepted by the locals. On the other hand, IKEA also conduct public diplomacy actions and can be considered a non state public diplomacy actor. IKEA faced many controversial issues that have a negative impact on its image while conductingthese activities. Nevertheless, using Swedish national identity as one of its diplomatic tools, IKEA is able to maintain its reputation and image and maintain its legitimacy and influence in carrying out its role as a non state public diplomacy actor."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang Kepemilikan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik bagi Warga negara Asing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Yuridis-Normatif. Pengertian Penduduk adalah Warga Negara Indonesia dan Orang Asing yang berdomisili di Indonesia. Penduduk yang berkewarganegaraan Indonesia serta Warga Negara Asing yang memiliki Izin Tinggal Tetap sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan, bagi Penduduk yang Berusia 17 tahun atau sudah menikah atau sudah menikah wajib memiliki KTP Elektronik.Ada tiga masalah yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini, yaitu Supervisi Pemerintah terhadap Warga Negara Asing yang Berdomisili di Indonesia, Kartu Alasan Kartu Tanda Penduduk yang Merupakan Alat Administrasi Kependudukan Bagi Penduduk Negara Asing, serta Peraturan tentang Administrasi Kependudukan bagi Warga NegaraNegara asing. Identitas warga negara asing ketika berada di Indonesia adalah Paspor, tapi di satu sisi Orang Asing yang berada di Indonesia juga bisa dikategorikan sebagai Penduduk sehingga harus memiliki KTP Elektronik sebagai Identitas Diri dimana KTP memuat Nomor Induk Kependudukan yaitu menjadi kunci akses dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Jadi oleh karena itu, Selain digunakan sebagai identitas diri, KTP juga berfungsi agar warga Orang asing dapat memperoleh akses ke layanan publik. Jadi, di Dalam hal ini Orang Asing yang dikategorikan sebagai Penduduk memiliki dua Identitas Diri,KTP dan paspor. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembuat kebijakan perlu mengkaji dan mempertimbangkan dalam pelaksanaan Kepemilikan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Penduduk Elektronik untuk Warga Negara Asing selain dari ketentuan perundang-undangan, perlu juga memperhatikan kepentingan Orang Asing yang bersangkutan agar kelangsungannya dapat berjalan efektif dan dan mempertimbangkan masa tinggal Warga Negara Asing.This thesis discusses the Ownership of Electronic Identity Cards for Foreign Citizens. This study uses the Juridical-Normative method. Definition of Residents are Indonesian Citizens and Foreigners domiciled in Indonesia. Residents who are Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens who have Permanent Stay Permits in accordance with the provisions of the Population Administration Law, residents who are 17 years old or married or married are required to have an Electronic ID card.There are three issues that are discussed in this thesis, namely Government Supervision of Foreign Citizens Domiciled in Indonesia, Reason Card for Identity Card which is a Population Administration Tool for Foreign Residents, and Regulations on Population Administration for Citizens foreign country. The identity of a foreign citizen when in Indonesia is a passport, but on the one hand foreigners who are in Indonesia can also be categorized as residents so that they must have an Electronic ID card as their Personal Identity where the ID card contains the Population Identification Number, which is the key to access in the administration of public services. So therefore, apart from being used as self-identity, ID cards also function so that foreigners can gain access to public services. So, in this case Foreigners who are categorized as Residents have two Self-Identities, ID card and passport. The results of this study are that policy makers need to review and consider in the implementation of Ownership of Electronic Resident Identity Cards for Foreign Citizens apart from the provisions of the legislation, it is also necessary to pay attention to the interests of the Foreigners concerned so that their continuity can run effectively and take into account the resident's period of stay. Foreign Country."

"This rigorous comparative study of national identity in Japan, South Korea, and China examines countries with long histories influenced by Confucian thought, surging nationalism, and far-reaching ambitions for regional importance.Contents1. Japanese national identity : a six-dimensional analysis /​ Gilbert Rozman2. South Korean national identity : a six-dimensional analysis /​ Gilbert Rozman3. Chinese national identity : a six-dimensional analysis /​ Gilbert Rozman4. The East Asian national identity syndrome /​ Gilbert Rozman5. Japanese national identity : evolution and prospects /​ Kazuhiko Togo6. Japan's national identity in postwar diplomacy : the three basic principles /​ Uuichi Hosoya7. Korean national identity : evolutionary stages and diplomatic challenges /​ Gilbert Rozman and Andrew Kim8. Unraveling national identity in South Korea : Minjok and Gukmin /​ Chung-in Moon9. China's national identity and foreign policy : continuity amid transformation /​ Jin Linbo10. China's national identity in diplomacy : noninterference in internal affairs /​ Ming Wan.Notes"

"Artikel ini membahas tentang identitas nasional pada Masjid Syuhada, yang terletak di Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. Masjid ini selesai dibangun pada tahun 1952, dengan latar berdirinya sebagai monumen kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah apakah Masjid Syuhada benar-benar dapat merepresentasikan identitas nasional, dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu mendeskripsikan bentuk bangunan dari Masjid Syuhada serta menjelaskan representasi identitas nasional yang terdapat didalamnya. Dengan menggunakan metode yang dikemukakan oleh Sharer and Ashmore, terdiri dari; formulasi, implementasi, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, analisis, interpretasi dan publikasi. Berdasarkan latar sejarah, ide dan konsep para pendiri, serta konteks dengan lingkungan sekitar, Masjid Syuhada memiliki identitas utama sebagai masjid yang merepresentasikan nilai-nilai kemerdekaan dan persatuan Indonesia. Disamping itu, Masjid Syuhada juga melekat dengan nilai keislaman dan ketradisionalnya sebagai bangunan masjid, dan dapat mampu beradaptasi dengan bangunan-bangunan di sekitarnya.

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This article discusses the national identity of the Syuhada Mosque located in Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. This mosque was completed in 1952, with the backdrop of its establishment as a monument to the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. The problem of this research is whether the Syuhada Mosque can really represent national identity, with the aim of the study to describe the shape of the building of the Syuhada Mosque and explain the representation of national identity contained therein. By using the method proposed by Sharer and Ashmore, consisting of; formulation, implementation, data collection, data processing, analysis, interpretation and publication. Based on the historical background, the ideas and concepts of the founders, as well as the context with the surrounding environment, the Syuhada Mosque has its main identity as a mosque that represents the values of Indonesian independence and unity. Besides that, the Syuhada Mosque is also attached to its Islamic and traditional values as a mosque building, and is able to adapt to the surrounding buildings."

"ABSTRACTDiaspora merupakan istilah yang semakin umum digunakan. Makna dari istilah ini mengalami perubahan yang secara paralel melintasi tiga periode mdash;klasik, modern dan kontemporer. Sifatnya yang diskursif membuat diaspora dapat bermakna apa saja disesuaikan dengan siapa yang mengartikulasikan. Di Indonesia, gagasan diaspora Indonesia marak diperbincangkan sejak tahun 2012. Diaspora diartikulasikan oleh aktor non negara yang umumnya adalah kelompok elit atau ekspatriat. Kelompok ini mampu mengubah persepsi negara terhadap ekspatriat yang awalnya pengkhianat menjadi aset negara. Melalui relasi tersebut, baik aktor negara dan non negara memiliki satu motif yang sama, memaksimalkan kapital lewat keahlian, remitansi dan investasi. Hal ini dikukuhkan dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 76 Tahun 2017 tentang Fasilitas Masyarakat Indonesia di Luar Negeri atau yang dikenal sebagai Kartu Diaspora. Namun demikian, bangsa Indonesia memiliki ragam sejarah migrasi internasional mdash;seperti TKI, kelompok etnis perantau di era kolonial, pengungsi akibat gejolak politik dan eksil 1965 mdash; dengan kepentingan yang beragam pula. Kasus ini menunjukkan kompleksitas diaspora sebagai sebuah istilah yang awalnya berniat untuk memayungi seluruh bangsa Indonesia dan keturunannya di luar negeri justru menimbulkan permasalahan representasi di dalam tubuh diaspora itu sendiri. Peneliti berargumen bahwa diaspora Indonesia merupakan wacana yang diartikulasikan oleh kelompok kepentingan dan didukung oleh negara untuk meraup kapital. Padahal diaspora adalah metafora yang secara kontinu diciptakan, ditransformasikan dan dipertahankan untuk mendefinisikan kembali identitas suatu bangsa. Dengan meleburkan konsep diaspora ke dalam HI, peneliti bermaksud untuk menganalisis relasi power dan konteks yang berlangsung dalam wacana diaspora Indonesia, serta meninjau konsep identitas nasional dalam HI yang umumnya berbasis negara sebagai aktor tunggal dan berdaulat. Posisi diaspora sebagai aktor non negara membuat konsep identitas nasional dalam HI dapat didefinisikan kembali.

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ABSTRACTDiaspora is increasingly common term to be used. The meaning of this term change over three periods classical, modern and contemporary. Its discursive nature makes diaspora means everything, adjusted to whoever articulates it. In Indonesia, the idea of Indonesian diaspora has been spread since 2012. Diaspora is articulated by non state actors, the expatriate group. This group is able to change the perception of the state against expatriates from traitors to state assets. Through these relations, both state and non state actors have one common motive, maximizing capital through human capital, remittance and investment. This is confirmed in The Presidential Decree No. 76 Year 2017 on Facilities for Indonesian Society Abroad which is known as Diaspora Card. Meanwhile, the Indonesian has a diverse history of international migration ndash such as migrant workers, ethnic groups in colonial era, refugees due to political turmoil and exile of 1965 with various interests. This case shows the complexity of diaspora as a term that originally intended to include entire Indonesian and its descendants abroad. Instead, this has risen the problem of representation in Indonesian diaspora itself. I argue that the Indonesian diaspora is a discourse articulated by interest groups and supported by the state to maximize capital. Whereas diaspora is a metaphor that is continuously created, transformed and maintained to redefine identity of a nation. By incorporating diaspora into IR, I intend to analyze power relations and context within Indonesian diaspora discourse and also to review the concept of national identity which commonly use state centric perspective that state is seen as unitary and sovereign. The position of diaspora as non state actors makes the concept of national identity in IR redefined."