Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRACTChinas contemporary) trans-regional initiative. to establish the. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) -previously known as One Beit One Road (OBOR) -has attracted a lot of attention; not only because the initiative involves more than 60 countries across Asia, Africa and south Europe, but also because it represents a re-emerging China that is being considered a challenger to the post-second World War liberal world order led by the United States. The initiative has also been perceived JS a Chinese strategy to enhance its influence beyond its traditional reaim by tJking advantage of its economic prowess. Indonesia was among the first countries introduced to the OBOR and whose territory is at the heart of the OBOR route. The country, however, has been prudent in the face of Chinese offers since it has perceived the initiative as both an opportunity and challenge in economic as well as strategic dimensions. In addition, the Chinese BRI grand initic1tive may create regional pro­blems due to hotspots in the South China Sea and the inclination of some regional states to support China rather than strengthen the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Thus, while it is important to weicome the initiative, critical assessments of the project are indeed necessary in order to understand its impact on the geo-economy and geo-politics of involved regions cind on future relations between the involved countries and China."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis perjanjian kerja sama antara China dan Iran dalam kerangka kebijakan Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah bagaimana China memanfaatkan BRI untuk memperkuat posisinya melalui diplomasi energi, khususnya di Iran, meskipun menghadapi tantangan politik dari Amerika Serikat. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan adalah teori Realisme Neoklasik yang menekankan pentingnya persepsi pemimpin negara dalam menentukan kebijakan luar negeri. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan, melibatkan buku, jurnal, dan sumber online terpercaya. Argumen utama dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa diplomasi energi China di bawah BRI merupakan strategi untuk memastikan kestabilan suplai energi sekaligus meningkatkan hegemoni ekonomi di Timur Tengah. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama China-Iran tidak hanya didorong oleh kebutuhan energi tetapi juga oleh ambisi geopolitik untuk menyaingi pengaruh Amerika Serikat di kawasan tersebut. Kesimpulannya, BRI memainkan peran penting dalam upaya China untuk mengamankan kepentingan nasionalnya melalui diplomasi energi dan memperkuat posisinya di arena internasional.

---

This research analyzes the cooperation agreement between China and Iran within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) policy. The main issue addressed is how China utilizes BRI to strengthen its position through energy diplomacy, particularly in Iran, despite facing political challenges from the United States. The analytical framework used is Neoclassical Realism theory, which emphasizes the importance of leaders' perceptions in determining foreign policy. The research method applied is a qualitative approach with secondary data collection techniques through literature studies, involving books, journals, and reputable online sources. The main argument of this study is that China's energy diplomacy under BRI is a strategy to ensure energy supply stability while enhancing economic hegemony in the Middle East. The findings show that the China-Iran cooperation is driven not only by energy needs but also by geopolitical ambitions to rival U.S. influence in the region. In conclusion, BRI plays a crucial role in China's efforts to secure its national interests through energy diplomacy and strengthen its position on the international stage."

"Saat ini Dunia yang telah memasuki fase polarisasi politik yang terjadi di belahan dunia, negara-negara di dunia harus mampu memilih rekan sekutu yang tepat untuk keberlangsungan pemerintahan. Mesir melalui proyek BRI yang ditawarkan China menggunakan pendekatan softpower dan kesamaan ambisi kedua pemimpin membentuj kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan. Melalui metode kualitatif dan interview mendalam kepada narasumber, penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa. China melalui BRI telah memperluas jangkauan perdagangan dan mengurangi pengaruh Amerika di kawasan MENA serta pembuka gerbang rute perdagangan laut terbesar di dunia melintasi benua Eropa, Afrika dan Asia melalui Terusan Suez. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Mesir dalam keadaan yang baik dan positif, lapangan pekerjaan yang meningkat setiap adanya perusahaan baru yang masuk dan proyek Ibukota baru, kota administrasi eksklusif dan tower tertinggi di Afrika yang dibangun oleh China hingga mendukung Egypt Vision 2030. China dengan proyek BRI yang ditawarkan di Mesir dianggap sebagai sebuah keuntungan daripada jebakan hutang sebab menciptakan kebijakan luar negeri yang lebih mendorong kerja sama dan kepercayaan investasi lebih lanjut daripada melakukan hard deterrance seperti yang dilakukan Amerika dahulu.

---

The world now has entered a phase of the political polarization that occurs in parts of the world, all countries in the world must be able to choose the right allies for the continuity of nation. Egypt through the BRI project offered by China using a softpower approach and the common vision of the two ambitious leaders to establish mutual beneficial cooperation. Through qualitative methods and in-dept interviews with truthable informan, this research obtained the results that. China through the BRI has expanded its trade reach and reducing America influence in the MENA region as well as opening the gateway of the world's largest sea trade routes across the European, African and Asian continents through the Suez Canal. Egypt's economic growth is in a good and positive state, jobs are increasing with the introduction of new companies and projects New capital, exclusive administrative cities and the tallest towers in Africa will be built by China to support Egypt Vision 2030. China with the BRI project offered in Egypt is considered an advantage rather than a debt trap because it creates a foreign policy that encourages further cooperation and investment confidence than doing hard deterrance like America used to do."

"This edited volume aims at examining China's role in the field of international governance and the rule of law under the Belt and Road Initiative from a holistic manner. It seeks alternative analytical frameworks that not only take into account legal ideologies and legal ideals, but also local demand and socio-political circumstances, to explain and understand China's legal interactions with countries along the Road, so that more useful insights can be produced in predicting and analysing China's as well as other emerging Asian countries' legal future. Authors from Germany, Korea, Singapore, Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong have contributed to this edited volume, which produces academic dialogues and conducts intellectual exchanges in specific sub-themes."

"Pada tahun 2018, pemerintah Indonesia menandatangani Nota Kesepahaman (MoU) dengan pemerintah Tiongkok yang menandakan peresmian kerja sama Indonesia-Tiongkok dalam kerangka kerja Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Inisiatif ini digagas oleh pemerintah Tiongkok untuk memberi insentif ekonomi (pendanaan, faktor produksi, tenaga kerja dan ahli, asistensi) guna mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur negara mitra dan memperkuat konektivitas di sepanjang jalur BRI (Silk Road Economic Belt dan 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Kendati sokongan yang disediakan untuk merealisasikan agenda Global Maritim Fulcrum (GMF) Indonesia, terdapat berbagai risiko multisektoral yang mengikuti penerimaan BRI. Terlebih lagi, latar belakang persaingan geopolitis yang menjadi preseden kemunculan BRI semakin menambah daftar ancaman pada tingkat nasional, regional dan internasional. Keresahan tersebut menghadirkan pertanyaan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini; mengapa Indonesia tetap melakukan penerimaan Belt and Road Initiative Tiongkok? Dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis economic statecraft, penulis menemukan terdapat beberapa faktor yang mendorong sebuah negara untuk menerima economic statecraft, yakni; tingkat stateness Indonesia yang tinggi sehingga mampu merumuskan kebijakan yang sesuai kepentingan eksekutif dan mengabaikan risiko dan/atau penolakan pada tingkat domestik; keterbatasan fiskal Indonesia dalam memenuhi ekspektasi pembangunan dalam negeri; keselarasan antara kepentingan pembangunan Indonesia dengan benefit yang dapat BRI sediakan; kekuatan Tiongkok sebagai emerging major power yang meningkatkan kredibilitas BRI; dan adanya ancaman geopolitis yang lebih besar apabila Indonesia menolak sebagai konsekuensi dari relasi asimetris antara Tiongkok-Indonesia.

---

In 2018, the Indonesian government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Chinese government which marked the inauguration of Indonesia-China cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This initiative was initiated by the Chinese government to provide economic incentives (funding, production factors, labor and experts, assistance) to support partner countries' infrastructure development and strengthen connectivity along the BRI route (Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Despite the support provided to realize Indonesia's Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) agenda, there are multisectoral risks that follow BRI's acceptance. Moreover, the background of geopolitical rivalry that precedes the emergence of the BRI further adds to the list of threats at the national, regional and international levels. This unrest presents the question raised in this thesis; why does Indonesia continue to accept China's Belt and Road Initiative? By using the economic statecraft analysis framework, the author finds that there are several factors that encourage a country to accept economic statecraft, namely; Indonesia's high level of stateness so that it is able to formulate policies that suit executive interests and ignore risks and/or rejection at the domestic level; Indonesia's fiscal limitations in meeting domestic development expectations; alignment between Indonesia's development interests and the benefits that BRI can provide; China's strength as an emerging major power that increases the credibility of BRI; and the existence of a greater geopolitical threat if Indonesia refuses as a consequence of asymmetrical relations between China-Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKUneven global economic development resulted by the global financial crisis of 2008-09, and infrastructure gay in the Asia-pasific region have become current economic challenges that the world has to overcome."

"ABSTRAKIndonesia menandatangani sejumlah nota kesepahaman dalam koridor Belt and Road Initiave (BRI). Berbagai respon muncul, mulai dari optimism hingga sinisme. Sejak diinisiasi pada tahun 2013, proyek ambisius Cina ini memang mendapat beragam respon dari kekhawatiran jebakan hutang hingga motif tersembunyi Cina untuk membangun dominasi di politik di politik internasional. Tulisan ini mencoba mengulas bagaimana proyek BRI dari perspektif geopolitik dan membahas bagaimana implikasi dan hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam kerja sama Indonesia-Cina dalam kerangka BRI dengan menggunakan perspektif ketahanan nasional."

"China is said to be the winner of globalization; to some extent, its true. Chinas economy has been rapidly striding forward in the past three decades after the launching of reform and openning up policy. As a result, Chinas comprehensive national strength has been greatly enhanced. Generally speaking, Chinas rise is welcomed in the international society, however, some cautious comments and debates in the meantime, have also been put forward. This is of course somewhat logic. As a nation phsically so big of 1.3 billion population, with so many uncertainties and flexibilities, its great changes naturally would attract curiosities and interests, and even worries from the international society."