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"The Justification of Religious Violence explores how justifications for religious violence are developed and how or if they differ from secular justifications of violence. Can liberal societies tolerate potentially violent religious groups? Can those who accept religious justifications for violence be dissuaded from acting violently? The book includes six case studies examining justifications offered for recent instances of violence. The first book specifically devoted to examining the logical structure of justifications of religious violence Seeks to understand how justifications for religious violence are developed and how or if they differ from ordinary secular justifications of violence Examines 3 widely employed premises used in religious justifications of violence -- appeals to a state of 'cosmic war', appeals to the importance of the afterlife, and appeals to 'sacred values'. Considers to what extent liberal democratic societies should tolerate who hold that their religion justifies violent acts. Reflects on the possibility of policy measures to persuade those who believe that violent action is justified by religion, to refrain from acting violently. -- Provided by publisher."

"Karya akhir ini membahas perkawinan anak perempuan yang terjadi melalui pemberian izin dispensasi perkawinan oleh hakim pengadilan agama. Pisau analisis yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah feminis radikal dan juga feminist legal theory dalam kerangka interseksionalitas. Data sekunder yang digunakan adalah 40 putusan dispensasi kawin anak perempuan yang terbit pada Desember 2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian izin dispensasi kawin anak perempuan tersebut menggunakan penalaran patriarki dan didasarkan kepada sumber-sumber hukum maskulin yang meminggirkan pengalaman dan kepentingan anak perempuan. Pemberikan dispensasi perkawinan anak perempuan oleh Hakim Pengadilan Agama melanggengkan perkawinan anak dan ketidakadilan terhadap anak perempuan. Selain itu, dispensasi perkawinan anak perempuan merupakan ekspresi kontrol patriarki terhadap tubuh dan seksualitas anak perempuan, dan karenanya merupakan kekerasan terhadap perempuan.

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This final assignment explains about child marriage among girls due to marriage dispensation. Feminist radical perspective and feminist legal theory are used as analytical tools along with intersectional framework. Secondary data for this final assignment are 40 decrees of marriage dispensation for girls issued by December 2020. The result showed that marriage dispensation for girls are granted due to patriarchal ideology to control girl’s body and sexuality. The judge’s permission about marriage dispensation perpetuates child marriage practice and girl’s inequality. Hence marriage dispensation regarded as violence against women.

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"ABSTRAKKekerasan atas nama agama kembali mengemuka di Tanah Air. Kali ini kekerasan tersebut menimpa kelompok minoritas Muslim Syiah di Kabupaten Sampang, Madura, Jawa Timur. Fenomena menguatnya intoleransi atas nama agama kepada kelompok minoritas seakan terus meningkat sebagaimana dilaporkan sejumlah lembaga pemantau hak asasi manusia. Dalam berbagai publikasi tersebut dikatakan bahwa negara absen dalam perlindungan kepada kelompok minoritas tersebut. Untuk itulah dalam menjamin aktualisasi kebebasan agama dan keyakinan perlu peningkatan peran dan aktivisme masyarakat sipil (civil society), khususnya organisasi kemasyarakatan pemuda (OKP) yang berbasis agama.Dalam penelitian ini ingin dilihat bagaimana peran OKP Berbasis Agama dalam perlindungan terhadap hak-hak kelompok minoritas Syiah di Sampang (seperti hak untuk eksis, perlindungan identitas, kesetaraan dan nondiskriminasi, serta partisipasi). Apa saja bentuk dan praktik peran yang dijalankan, sejauh mana tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analistis, dimana peneliti berusaha menguraikan objek penelitian secara deskriptif, hasilnya kemudian diinterpretasikan secara analistis. Penelitian ini dikerjakan sejak April hingga Juni 2013 di Jakarta, Bangil (Pasuruan), Malang, Sidoarjo, Surabaya dan Sampang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar OKP berbasis agama melakukan perlindungan sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Mulai dari yang sederhana seperti pengakuan terhadap eksistensi Syiah, pengecaman atas praktik kekerasan yang mereka alami, bantuan kemanusiaan, upaya advokasi dan pendampingan hingga soal rintisan upaya rekonsiliasi yang integratif dengan basis kearifan lokal dan keterlibatan semua stakeholders yang ada di Kabupaten Sampang. Hanya OKP Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) yang memberikan perhatian lebih dalam perlindungan terhadap komunitas Syiah di Sampang, sesuai garis instruksi dari pusat hingga daerah. Kendati mereka juga mengalami sejumlah dilema seperti harus berkonflik dengan keluarga besar Nahdliyyin (Kiai) maupun terancam secara fisik oleh keterlibatan para preman (blater) dan elite politik lokal.

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ABSTRACTViolence in the name of religion re-emerged in Indonesia recently. This time the violence befall minority Shiite Muslims in Sampang, Madura, East Java. Strengthening phenomenon of intolerance in the name of religion to minority groups as reported as increasing number of human rights monitoring agency. In various publications is said that the country missed the protection of minorities. To ensure that the actualization of freedom of religion and belief and the need to increase the role of civil society activism (civil society), especially the youth community organizations (OKP) is based on religion.In this study wanted to see how the role of religion in OKP-based protection of the rights of minority Shia group in Sampang (such as the right to exist, identity protection, equality and non-discrimination, and participation). What are the forms and practices of the role of the run, the extent of the challenges and obstacles faced. The method used is descriptive qualitative analytical approaches, researchers tried to decipher where the object of study is descriptive, analytical results are then interpreted. This research was carried out from April to June 2013 in Jakarta, Bangil (Pasuruan), Malang, Sidoarjo, Surabaya and Sampang.The results showed the majority of faith-based OKP doing protection according to his ability. Ranging from as simple as a recognition of the existence of Shiites, denouncing the use of violence they experienced, humanitarian assistance, advocacy and assistance to the pilot about the integrative reconciliation efforts with the local knowledge base and involvement of all stakeholders in the district of Sampang. Only Indonesian Islamic Students Movement (PMII) which gives more attention to protecting the Shiite community in Sampang, appropriate instruction line from the center to the regions. Although they also experienced a number of dilemmas such as having a large family conflict with nahdliyyin (Kiai) or physically threatened by the involvement of the thugs (blater) and the local political elite."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana organisasi keagamaan mengkonstruksikan identitas kolektifnya dalam wacana pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual (PPKS). Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual (RUU PKS) yang diajukan ke DPR RI sejak tahun 2016 dan disahkan menjadi UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) pada tahun 2022 telah mendorong berbagai kelompok masyarakat membentuk wacana PPKS, termasuk NU dan Muhammadiyah. Keduanya membangun wacana PPKS menggunakan berbagai strategi retorika yang dipublikasi melalui situs web NU.or.id dan Muhammadiyah.or.id. Wacana tidak sekedar menunjukkan pandangan organisasi, tetapi juga identitas kolektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruksionisme sosial. Teks wacana PPKS berupa artikel-artikel dalam situs web NU.or.id dan Muhammadiyah.or.id dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis tematik dan analisis retorika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NU dan Muhammadiyah mengkonstruksi identitas kolektif sebagai gerakan dakwah, organisasi masyarakat sipil, dan kelompok budaya. Agama menjadi sumber utama bagi identitas kolektif. Sebagai gerakan dakwah, NU dan Muhammadiyah menyampaikan pemikiran mengenai kekerasan seksual yang bersumber dari nilai-nilai Islam. Sebagai organisasi masyarakat sipil, NU lebih banyak menunjukkan aksi-aksi simbolik yang memanfaatkan modal sosial, adapun Muhammadiyah lebih banyak menunjukkan program-program yang dilakukan organisasi secara mandiri. Sebagai kelompok budaya, NU menggunakan memori kebudayaan berupa kegiatan istigasah kubra, sowan, dan pesantren untuk menggambarkan diri sebagai gerakan dakwah berbasis tradisi dan kebudayaan lokal. Adapun Muhammadiyah menggunakan memori kebudayaan berupa simbol ”kerja dakwah”, sekolah, dan kampus untuk menggambarkan diri sebagai gerakan dakwah pengabdian masyarakat.

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This thesis aims to see how religious organizations constructed their collective identity in the discourse on sexual violence prevention and management (PPKS). The Draft of Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill (RUU PKS) which was first proposed in 2016 until it was passed as Sexual Violence Crime Bill (UU TPKS) in 2022 had encouraged various community groups to create PPKS discourse, including NU and Muhammadiyah. Both organization created the PPKS discourse by the used of various rhetorical strategies which then published on the website NU.or.id and Muhammadiyah.or.id. Those discourses not only showed organizational views, but also collective identity. This research used qualitative approach with the paradigm of social constructionism. The text of PPKS discourse in the form of articles on the websites NU.or.id and Muhammadiyah.or.id were analyzed by thematic analysis and rhetorical analysis methods. The research showed that NU and Muhammadiyah constructed collective identities as da'wah movements, civil society organizations, and cultural groups. Religion was the main source of their collective identity. As da'wah movements, NU and Muhammadiyah conveyed their ideas about sexual violence that originate from Islamic values. As a civil society organization, NU showed more symbolic actions that utilized social capital, while Muhammadiyah shows more programs that were carried out independently. As a cultural group, NU uses cultural memories in the form of istigasah kubra, sowan, and pesantren activities to described themselves as a da'wah movement based on tradition and local culture. As for Muhammadiyah used cultural memories in the form of symbol of "da’wah work", schools and campuses to described themselves as a community service da’wah movement."

"Risiko perilaku kekerasan adalah gejala umum yang dirasakan klien dengan skizofrenia berupa reaksi emosional dan agresif untuk mencederai diri sendiri, orang lain, maupun lingkungan di sekitarnya. Klien dengan skizofrenia dapat mencederai atau bahkan menimbulkan kematian, pada akhirnya menyebabkan stigma negatif pada individu dengan skizofrenia. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk melihat penerapan teknik relaksasi napas dalam dengan musik religi bagi klien skizofrenia dengan masalah keperawatan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Analisis dilakukan pada pengelolaan klien di Ruang Arimbi Rumah Sakit Jiwa dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor yang dilanjutkan dengan pengelolaan klien secara daring. Klien diberikan intervensi teknik relaksasi napas dalam dengan musik religi selama 6 kali interaksi. Intervensi ini mendukung kemampuan klien mengontrol perilaku kekerasan dengan spiritual. Klien merasa tenang dan mudah fokus saat diberikan musik religi ketika relaksasi napas dalam. Penerapan intervensi generalis teknik relaksasi napas dalam dengan musik religi menunjukkan penurunan tanda dan gejala risiko perilaku kekerasan pada klien skizofrenia. Hal ini ditandai dengan penurunan komponen penilaian tanda dan gejala selama diberikannya tindakan keperawatan Penurunan ditandai dengan berkurangnya 6 tanda gejala pada intervensi kedua. Pada intervensi ketiga, berkurang 10 tanda dan gejala. Pada intervensi keempat berkurang 9 tanda gejala sehingga hanya tersisa 1 tanda gejala yang bertahan sampai hari intervensi keenam. Klien juga mengalami peningkatan kemampuan mengontrol risiko perilaku kekerasan. Klien memiliki 12 dari 13 kemampuan mengontrol risiko perilaku kekerasan setelah diberikan asuhan keperawatan yang sebelum diberikan asuhan klien memiliki 5 kemampuan. Hasil gambaran ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan penerapan tindakan keperawatan ners pada klien skizofrenia dengan risiko perilaku kekerasan.

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The risk of violent behavior is a common symptom felt by clients with schizophrenia in the form of emotional and aggressive reactions to injure themselves, others, and the environment around them. Clients with schizophrenia can injure or even cause death, ultimately causing a negative stigma on individuals with schizophrenia. The purpose of this paper is to see the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques with religious music for schizophrenic clients with nursing problems at risk of violent behavior. The analysis was carried out on the management of clients in the Arimbi Room of the Mental Hospital, dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor, followed by online client management. The client was given the intervention of deep breathing relaxation techniques with religious music for 6 interactions. This intervention supports the client's ability to control violent behavior spiritually. Clients feel calm and easy to focus when given religious music when deep breathing relaxation. Application of generalist intervention with deep breathing relaxation techniques with religious music showed a decrease in signs and symptoms of risk of violent behavior in schizophrenic clients. This is indicated by a decrease in the components of the assessment of signs and symptoms during the nursing action. The decrease is marked by a reduction in 6 signs of symptoms in the second intervention. At the third intervention, 10 signs and symptoms were reduced. In the fourth intervention, 9 signs of symptoms were reduced so that only 1 symptom remained until the sixth intervention day. Clients also experience an increased ability to control the risk of violent behavior. Clients have 12 out of 13 abilities to control the risk of violent behavior after being given nursing care which before being given client care has 5 abilities. The results of this description are expected to be a reference for implementing nursing actions for schizophrenic clients with the risk of violent behavior."