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"Pendahuluan: Pasien gawat darurat dengan kategori triase kuning (urgent) harus mendapatkan terapi dalam 30 menit. Waktu sejak kedatangan pasien hingga mendapatkan terapi disebut sebagai waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter. Pencapaian waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter dalam 30 menit untuk pasien dengan kategori triase kuning di IGD-RSCM belum mencapai 100%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tercapainya waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter dalam 30 menit pada pasien non-trauma bertriase kuning di IGD-RSCM; pola kedatangan, kondisi kepadatan IGD, tercukupinya jumlah kebutuhan staf, ketepatan triase, waktu ketersediaan terapi dan adanya rujukan yang terkonfirmasi (SPGDT). Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong-lintang, menggunakan data retrospektif, dan melibatkan 105 subyek dengan triase tepat (kuning-kuning) dan 3 subyek dengan triase tidak tepat (hijau-kuning). Analisis bivariat antara hubungan ketepatan triase dengan waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter menggunaka seluruh subyek (108 subyek), sedangkan analisis bivariat lainnya menggunakan hanya subyek dengan triase tepat (105 subyek). Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kedatangan pasien di sore hari (p=0,032, PR=2,514; 95% CI: 1,128-5,603), tercukupinya jumlah kebutuhan EMO (p=0,021; PR=2,489; 95% CI: 1,230-5,035), dan waktu ketersediaan terapi (p<0,001) terhadap waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kedatangan pasien di pagi dan malam hari (p=0,165, PR=0,459, 95% CI: 0,170-1,244 dan p=0,391, PR=0,566, 95% CI: 0,185-1,732, secara berurutan), kondisi kepadatan IGD (p=0,852; PR=1,172; 95% CI: 0,567-2,424), jumlah perawat (p=0,274; PR=0,480; 95% CI: 0,155-1,482), tercukupinya jumlah kebutuhan pemandu (p=0,094; PR=0,499; 95% CI: 0,244-1,018), ketepatan triase (p=0,484), dan adanya rujukan yang terkonfirmasi (SPGDT (p=0,524; PR=1,561; 95% CI: 0,302-8,067) terhadap waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter. Kesimpulan: Kedatangan pasien di sore hari, tercukupinya jumlah EMO, dan waktu ketersediaan terapi berhubungan dengan tercapainya waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter dalam 30 menit. Hasil penelitian dan model yang disarankan dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh IGD-RSCM untuk mengembangkan pendekatan untuk perbaikan pencapaian waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter dalam 30 detik.

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Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) are facing challenges in providing high quality and timely patient care, so is Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital ED.1 Every urgent patient coming to ED has to be assessed and treated within thirty minutes.2,3 Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital ED has not optimally reached the standard time to initial treatment for its urgent patients.

Study objective: This study evaluates whether various factors are associated with time to initial treatment.

Method: This study uses retrospective cross-sectional study design, and includes 108 subjects.

Results: This study uses bivariate analyses and shows that there are associations between patients arrivals in the evening shift p=0,032, PR=2,514), adequacy of the number of physicians needed (p=0,021; PR=2,489), and medication turnaround time (p=0,021; PR=2,489) to the achievement of thirty-minute time to initial treatment. This study also shows that there are no associations between patients arrivals in the morning and night shifts, ED overcrowding conditions, number of nurses, adequacy of the number of porters needed, accuracy of triage, and presence of pre-hospital calls to the achievement of thirty-minute time to initial treatment.

Conclusion: Patients arrivals in the evening shift, adequacy of the number of physicians needed, and medication turnaround."

"Emergency Medical Responder: First Responder in Action, 1st edition by Barbara Aehlert, RN, provides the first responder student with must-know information. This product is the only product that integrates the didactic and skills information. First Responder training is the entry level of emergency medical services. It includes information on the medical management of the results of current national security threats."

"Emergency Medical Responder: First Responder in Action, 1st edition by Barbara Aehlert, RN, provides the first responder student with must-know information. This product is the only product that integrates the didactic and skills information. First Responder training is the entry level of emergency medical services. It includes information on the medical management of the results of current national security threats."

"Kondisi crowding di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) telah menjadi isu global di seluruh sistem pelayanan kesehatan di seluruh dunia lebih dari dua dekade. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingginya angka boarding time  yang menyebabkan penumpukan jumlah pasien yang ada di IGD. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan boarding time di instalasi gawat darurat. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan menggunakan database Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Google Scholar dan Library UI menghasilkan 15 artikel terinklusi yakni artikel yang terbit sepuluh tahun terakhir, membahas faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan boarding time di instalasi gawat darurat, dan artikel dengan metode kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan mix-method. Hasil studi terinklusi dari 15 artikel menghasilkan beberapa penyebab keterlambatan boarding time di IGD diantaranya yaitu ketersediaan tempat tidur yang disebabkan oleh kepulangan pasien yang tidak terencana dan membutuhkan waktu 118 menit (2 jam) lebih lama dibandingan kepulangan yang direncanakan. Keterbatasan jumlah tenaga kesehatan tidak hanya menyebabkan naiknya angka boarding time, namun juga menurunkan pelayanan kesehatan dan pasien safety. Waktu diagnosis pasien pada saat di IGD membutuhkan waktu lebih lama karena dokter perlu mengantongi data lebih banyak untuk memutuskan diagnosis pasien. Pasien yang masuk ke IGD merupakan pasien dengan kegawatdaruratan tinggi, semakin darurat membutuhkan diagnosis yang lebih lama pula dan menambah waktu boarding time di IGD. Ketersediaan bangsal khsusus memakan waktu banyak pada saat boarding time karena selain memerlukan treatment khusus, jumlah bangsal khusus ini juga terbatas. Tingkat kapasitas rumah sakit yang tinggi meningkatkan pula angka boarding time karena pasien harus menunggu pelayanan kesehatan akibat antri, sehingga meningkatkan angka boarding time. Konsultasi antara pasien dengan dokter terjadi di IGD pada pasien dengan kegawatdaruratan yang tinggi, sebab sebelum memberikan tindakan, dokter perlu mengetahui lebih dalam sakit yang dialami oleh pasien. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan boarding time dirumah sakit ialah ketersediaan tempat tidur, keterbatasan jumlah tenaga kesehatan, waktu diagnosis pasien, tingkat kegawatdaruratan, ketersediaan bangsal khusus, tingkat kapasitas rumah sakit yang tinggi, dan jumlah konsul dengan dokter spesialis. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai standar waktu boarding time di instalasi gawat darurat yang ada pada rumah sakit.

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Crowding conditions in the Emergency Unit has become a global issue in all health care systems for more than two decades. This is due to a high number of boarding times which causes an accumulation number of patients in the ER. The purpose of this study sought was to determine the factors associated with boarding time delays in the emergency department. The researcher used a literature review as a method and used Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Google Scholar, and UI Library databases which produces 15 included articles, and articles published in the last ten years, discussing factors related to boarding time delays in the emergency department, and articles with quantitative methods. , qualitative, and mix-method. The results of the included study from 15 articles resulted in several causes of delays in boarding time in the ER, including the availability of beds caused by the patient's unplanned return and taking 118 minutes (2 hours) longer than the planned return. The limited number of health workers not only causes an increase in boarding time but also reduces health services and patient safety. The patient's diagnosis time in the ER takes longer because doctors need to collect more data to make a patient's diagnosis. Patients who enter the ER are patients with high emergencies, the more emergency requires a longer diagnosis and increases the boarding time in the ER. The availability of special wards takes a lot of time at boarding time because apart from requiring special treatment, the number of special wards is also limited. The high level of hospital capacity also increases the number of boarding times because patients have to wait for health services due to queuing, thereby increasing the number of boarding times. Consultations between patients and doctors occur in the ER for patients with high emergencies, because before taking action, doctors need to know more about the pain experienced by the patient. It can be concluded that the factors related to the delay in boarding time at hospital are availability of beds, limited number of health workers, time of patient diagnosis, level of emergency, availability of special wards, high level hospital capacity, and number of consuls with specialist doctors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the standard boarding time in the emergency department at the hospital."

""Emergency Medical Services: Clinical Practice and Systems Oversight" is the official textbook of the National Association of EMS Physicians(TM) (NAEMSP(TM)) National EMS Medical Directors Course and Practicum(TM). Now paired with a companion website featuring self-assessment exercises, audio and video clips of EMS best practices in action, and more, this essential study aid guides students through the core knowledge they need to successfully complete their training and begin their careers as EMS physicians."Emergency Medical Services: Clinical Practice and Systems Oversight" consists of: Volume 1: Clinical Aspects of EMS Volume 2: Medical Oversight of EMS Companion website featuring supportive self-assessment exercises, audio and video clips."

"Penanganan kasus gawat janin dengan sistem code green bertujuan mempercepat response time evakuasi janin ke luar rahim. Sistem code green telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2007 di Instalasi Rawat Darurat RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Namun demikian belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengukur keberhasilan penerapan sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan sistem code green dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan disain studi kasus. Pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder didapat melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif. Dasar teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Theory of Constraints yang memandang sistem sebagai kesatuan mata rantai. Evaluasi juga dilakukan dengan menganalisis enam variabel pada diagram Ishikawa (fishbone diagram) meliputi man, method, material, machine, management dan milieu. Penelitian ini menemukan pemanjangan response time dalam sistem code green pada tahap penegakan diagnosis sampai menghubungi announcer sebagai the weakest link dari penerapan sistem. Variabel yang menyebabkan the weakest link dari sistem ini adalah sumber daya manusia yakni ketiadaan dokter penanggungjawab pelayanan (DPJP) di tempat kerja Ketiadaan DPJP (tidak on site) dalam penerapan sistem code green, terutama pada tahap pelayanan pertama yaitu penegakan diagnosis sampai menghubungi announcer berakibat fatal mengingat adanya keharusan bagi dokter residen kebidanan melaporkan dan meminta ijin terlebih dahulu kepada DPJP. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pihak manajemen RSUP Sanglah Denpasar mengupayakan keberadaan DPJP di tempat tugas (on site), melakukan kajian standard opersional prosedur, dan melaksanakan monitoring penerapan sistem code green secara berkesinambungan.

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Code green system in management of fetal distress cases have purposes to improve response time on unborn baby evacuation process. Code green system have been implemented since 2007 in Emergency Department of Denpasar Sanglah General Hospital. However, there was no any evaluation process which was performed to assess the successes of implementation of code green system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of code green system with qualitative approach and case study design. Primary and secondary data were collected by a numbers efforts (by a few methods) such as in-depth interview, and observation participative. The theory of constraints (TOC) which postulate system as a chain was used as a based theory in this study. This study analyzed six variables of Ishikawa's diagram (Fishbone diagram) such as man, method, material, machine, management, and milieu.

This study found delay response time in code green system at the step of process from diagnosis to contact the announcer as a weakest link on the implementation of code green system. The cause of this weakest link was human resources. Obstetrician who in charge was not present during implementation of the code green system especially in the first step which the services was started from diagnosis until announcer informed when obstetric and gynecology resident reported and request approval from obstetrician who in charge in that critical moment. This study give recommendation such as to present an obstetrician who in-charge in field of services, to conduct a regular standard operational procedure review, and to perform continuing monitors and evaluations of code green system was needed."

"Pelayanan Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD) merupakan ujung tombak pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit dan puskesmas perawatan, dengan waktu yang sangat krusial. Obat darurat darurat (emergency) merupakan sebagian dari obat-obatan yang harus ada dalam persediaan ruangan, obat ini mutlak harus selalu tersedia di puskesmas. Namun dalam melakukan pengolahan data obat, Puskesmas masih menggunakan metode pencatatan manual, yaitu semua data – data dicatat didalam sebuah buku atau arsip. Puskesmas Kecataman Matraman mempunyai pelayanan kegawat-daruratan, dengan menyediakan emergency trolley yang lengkap. Emergency trolley merupakan salah satu peralatan untuk darurat medis, emergency trolley terdapat di Unit Gawat Darurat, selain itu disediakan juga di unit pelayanan 24 jam. Dalam Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/MENKES/4799/2021 mengatur tentang daftar obat keadaan darurat medis. Daftar obat emergensi pada emergency trolley yang terdapat di puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman sudah memenuhi persyaratan daftar obat darurat medis sesuai peraturan serta sesuai penggunaannya dalam keadaaan darurat medis.

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Emergency Unit Services are the spearhead of health services in hospitals and health centres, with very crucial time. Emergency drugs are some of the drugs that must be in the room stock, these drugs must always be available at the health centre. However, in processing drug data, the Health Center still uses a manual recording method, namely all data is recorded in a book or archive. The Matraman District Health Center has emergency services, by providing a complete emergency trolley. An emergency trolley is one of the equipment for medical emergencies, an emergency trolley is available in the Emergency Unit, besides that it is also provided in the 24-hour service unit. The Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number Hk.01.07 / MENKES / 4799/2021 regulates the list of drugs for medical emergencies. The list of emergency drugs on the emergency trolley at the Matraman District Health Center has met the requirements for the list of medical emergency drugs according to regulations and according to their use in medical emergencies."