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"ABSTRAK Pengemas kode biner umumnya digunakan untuk melindungi kode asli di dalamkode biner yang dapat dieksekusi sehingga terdeteksi sebagai kode berbahaya olehperangkat lunak anti-malware. Berbagai metode unpacking packed binary executabletelah dipelajari secara ekstensif, beberapa pendekatan unpacking telah diajukan.Beberapa solusi ini tergantung pada berbagai asumsi, yang dapat membatasikeefektifannya. Metode baru teknik analisis memori berbasis flux diusulkan untukmenentukan akhir fungsi pembongkaran untuk memungkinkan ekstraksi kodetersembunyi dari kode biner yang dapat dikemas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa metode kami memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada metoda sebelumnyadalam mengekstrak kode tersembunyi dari packed binary executable. Khususnyapada packed benign executable menghasilkan nilai similarity rata-rata mencapai92% bila dibandingkan dengan benign executable original sedangkan 70% sampelmalware berhasil diekstraksi dan terdeteksi sebagai unpacked.

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ABSTRACT

Binary packer has been commonly used to protect the original code inside the binary

executables being detected as malicious code by anti-malware software. Various

methods of unpacking packed binary executables have been extensively studied,

several unpacking approaches have been proposed. Some of these solutions depends

on various assumptions, which may limit their effectiveness. A new method of

flux-based memory analysis technique is proposed to determine the end of unpacking

routine to allow hidden code extraction from the packed binary executables. Our

experiments show that our method provides better performance than previous works

in extracting the hidden code from the packed binary executable. In particular, experiments

on packed benign executable exhibit an average of 92% on similarity

compared with the original benign executable while 70% of extracted hidden code

from malware samples detected as unpacked."

"One species of the red algae (Rhodophyceae) resulted from carrageenan is Eucgeuma cottonii. This algae is cultured intensively in Madura island espicially in district of Sumenep in village of Pekandangan - Buto. Production of E. cottonii in Sumenep - Madura rised over the last years but extraction of carrageenan has not been performed extensively. Unfortunately, it has been exported to abroad in dried from used as raw materials either food or non food industry. The objective of this research is to stydy the influence of extraction method of carrageenan on its quality. The best carrageenan quality was resulted by the modification of extraction metod by using cold alkali treatment so this method can be considered as alternative methods. The carrageenan quality that serulted from this methods is one the standard suggested by food and agriculture Organization,"

"ABSTRAKCr(III) merupakan spesi ion logam kromium (Cr) yang esensial bagi tubuh manusia karena memiliki peran penting dalam metabolisme glukosa, lemak dan protein. Untuk menetapkan konsentrasi spesi Cr(III), sistem ekstraksi titik awan digunakan sebagai metode pemisahan dan prakonsentrasi yang murah, cepat dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengembangan metode analisis Cr(III) dalam matriks susu menggunakan ligan 1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftol (PAN) dan surfaktan nonionik Triton X-114 yang dideteksi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom Tungku Karbon. Faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi ekstraksi seperti pH larutan, konsentrasi ligan, konsentrasi surfaktan, suhu ekstraksi dan waktu ekstraksi dioptimasi hingga mendapatkan efisiensi ekstraksi yang optimum. Penambahan Na₂SO₄ juga dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi ekstraksi. Analisis Cr(III) dalam produk susu yang telah diberi perlakuan dengan asam trikloro asetat menghasilkan presisi dengan RSD 4.1 % dan rentang perolehan kembali Cr(III) 80.0 sampai 100.8 %. Batas deteksi dalam produk susu yang diperoleh adalah 45 ng/g dan batas kuantisasi 150 ng/g. Faktor pengayaan setelah pengenceran fase kaya surfaktan 125 kali adalah 2.1 dan faktor prakonsentrasi yang diperoleh adalah 310.3. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa metode analisis dengan ekstraksi titik awan ini dapat digunakan untuk penetapan konsentrasi Cr(III) dalam produk susu.

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Cr(III) is one of chromium (Cr) metal ion species which is essential for human body because it has important role in glucose, fat and protein metabolism. To determine the concentration of Cr(III), cloud point extraction was used as a method of separation and preconcentration which is low cost, fast and environmentally friendly. In this study, analytical method development of Cr(III) in dairy products was performed using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) ligand and nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 which was detected by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Factors affecting extraction efficiency such as pH of solution, concentration of ligand, concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized to obtain optimum extraction efficiency. Addition of Na₂SO₄ was also carried out to improve extraction efficiency. The analysis of Cr(III) in dairy products which was previously treated with trichloro acetic acid produces precision with 4.1% RSD and the recovery range of Cr(III) is of 80.0 to 100.8%. The detection limit in dairy products obtained is 45 ng/g and the quantization limit is 150 ng/g. The enrichment factor after 125 times surfactant-rich phase dilution is of 2.1 and the preconcentration factor obtained is of 310.3.  It is proved that the analytical method using cloud point extraction can be employed to determine the concentration of Cr(III) in dairy products."

"ABSTRAKUndang-Undang adalah Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dengan persetujuan Presiden. Undang-Undang memiliki sifat mengikat secara umum. Semua ketentuan pada Undang-Undang berlaku untuk seluruh rakyat Indonesia, termasuk ketentuan pidana di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, setiap warga negara Indonesia perlu memahami informasi sanksi pidana pada Undang-Undang. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti mengajukan metode untuk mendapatkan informasi pidana dari Undang-Undang. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan klasifikasi tiap pasal, ayat, dan poin huruf pada Undang-Undang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode klasifikasi, yaitu Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, dan Ripple Down Rules Learner. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode Classification and Regression Tree memberikan hasil terbaik, dengan F1-score mencapai 93,3 .

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ABSTRACTLaw is a set of provisions and rules formed by People 39 s Representative Council with the agreement of President. Law generally binds every people in Indonesia. In other words, all provisions in Law apply to all people in Indonesia, including the punishment provisions. Because of that, every Indonesian people needs to understand the punishment provisions in Law documents. In this research, we propose a method to get all the punishment provisions from Law text. The approach taken is by doing classification on every articles, verses, and points in Law document. We use three classification methods in this research, which are Support Vector Machine, Classification and Regression Tree, and Ripple Down Rules Learner. Experiment results show that Classification and Regression Tree gives the best results, with F1 score reaching 93,3 ."

"Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan optimasi pada metode ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) untuk meningkatkan yield ekstrak kurkuminoid dari kunyit, temulawak, dan jahe. Selain itu, metode sokletasi juga dilakukan sebagai pembanding. Hasil dari metode UAE yang sudah dioptimasi lalu dibandingkan metode sokletasi yang sudah dilakukan. Optimasi dilakukan dengan membuat beberapa variasi: kandungan air pada pelarut, solid loading, suhu, dan waktu ekstraksi. Hasil yield kurkuminoid kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan kurva standar kurkumin yang telah dibuat dengan bantuan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Didapatkan hasil tertinggi untuk hasil ekstrak kunyit sebanyak 84,325 mg/g (8,43% b/b), yang didapatkan pada kondisi operasi: kandungan air 20%, solid loading 4%, suhu 55oC, dan waktu 40 menit. Hasil ini sedikit lebih rendah dari hasil sokletasi, yaitu 88,476 mg/g (8,8% b/b). Untuk hasil ekstrak temulawak dan jahe, didapatkan yield sebanyak 2,056 mg/g dan 0,21 mg/g, secara berurutan. Selain itu, dilakukan separasi ekstrak kurkuminoid dari senyawa pengotor dan kristalisasi untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi ekstrak kurkuminoid. Separasi pada kunyit meningkatkan konsentrasi ekstrak kurkuminoid sebanyak 1,36%, sedangkan proses kristalisasi meningkatkan konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 2,9%. Meskipun begitu, kedua metode tersebut menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi kurkuminoid pada temulawak dan jahe sebanyak 85,88% dan 67,36%, secara berurutan. Setelah itu, model kinetik ekstraksi dibuat berdasarkan model Peleg dan persamaan transfer massa.

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In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was optimized to increase the yield of curcuminoid extracts from turmeric, Javanese turmeric, and ginger. In addition, the soxhletation method was also carried out as a comparison. The result of the optimized UAE method is then compared to the soxhletation method that has been carried out. Optimization is done by making several variations: water content in the solvent, solid loading, temperature, and extraction time. The yield of curcuminoids was then calculated using a standard curve of curcumin that had been made using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest curcuminoid extract yield obtained from turmeric was 84,325 mg/g (8,43% w/w), which was obtained under operating conditions: 20% water content, 4% solid loading, temperature of 55oC, 40 minutes extraction time. This result was slightly lower than the soxhletation result, which was 88,476 mg/g (8,8% w/w). For the curcuminoid extracts obtained from Javanese turmeric and ginger, the yields were 2,056 mg/g and 0,21 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the curcuminoid extract was separated from impurities and crystallized to increase the concentration of the curcuminoid extract. The separation of turmeric increased the concentration of the curcuminoid extract by 1,36%, while the recrystallization process increased the concentration of the extract by 2,9%. However, both methods caused a decrease in the concentration of curcuminoids in Javanese turmeric and ginger by 85,88% and 67,36%, respectively. After that, the extraction kinetic model was made based on the Peleg model and the mass transfer equation."

"Pemisahan gula dari tetes tebu (molasses) menggunakan pelarut minyak nabati dilakukan dengan studi awal melalui proses ekstraksi pelarut sistem cair dalam kolom ekstraksi berpengaduk sederhana. Pada penelitian ini, tetes tebu dengan potensi 2,5 juta ton per tahun di Indonesia dimodelkan sebagai larutan gula 20% dan dipisahkan kandungan gulanya. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan pengujian ekstraksi sederhana dan pengujian kolom ekstraksi yang ditinjau secara umum, serta membandingkan profil ekstraksi antara penggunaan pelarut minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kedelai, yaitu dengan mengamati profil kecepatan gelembung ekstraksi, koefisien distribusi, dan pengaruh pengadukan terhadap proses ekstraksi. Pada pengujian ekstraksi sederhana diperoleh bahwa sistem dengan pelarut minyak kedelai dan dengan perbandingan volume lebih besar memiliki waktu yang lebih lama pada profil kecepatan gelembung, akan tetapi nilai koefisien distribusinya (Kd) lebih kecil yaitu rata-rata 0,7 dan 0,58, daripada sistem dengan minyak kelapa sawit dengan koefisien distribusi lebih besar yaitu rata-rata 0,1 dan 0,07. Disamping itu, pengujian dalam kolom ekstraksi dilakukan, dengan mengandalkan dua jenis pengadukan dan diperoleh hasil bahwa untuk sistem dengan pelarut minyak kelapa sawit pada pengadukan secara mekanis (mechanic stirring) dapat memisahkan kandungan gula lebih banyak yaitu hingga 14%, daripada pengadukan secara statis (static stirring) yang hanya memisahkan hingga 8%.

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The sugar separation from molasses with vegetable oil as solvent was did by apply the pre-eliminary study with liquid extraction process method and use a simple design of mixer extraction column. In this research, the molasses which 2.5 million ton per year potential in Indonesia was modeled as sugar solution and the sugar (sucrose) composition was separated. Observation were made towards a simple test of extraction process and the extraction column with a generally observe, and compare the extraction profile between the system with solvent palm kernel oil and soybean oil, consist a bubble rate profile, distribution coefficient (Kd) and stirring effects towards extraction process. Moreover, system with soybean oil has a longer time of bubble rate, however has a smaller of distribution coefficient where averages 0,7 and 0,58, than the palm oil has the bigger value of distribution coefficient where averages 0,1 and 0,07. Furthermore, on extraction column testing operated by applying two types of stirring, the mechanical stirring which can separate more sugar untill 14%, than the static stirring where just 8%."

"Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) merupakan salah satu metode green extraction yang menjadi salah satu solusi dalam meningkatkan yield dan mempercepat waktu ekstraksi. Penelitian dengan metode konvensional seperti soxhlet, maserasi, perkolasi dan refluks telah dilakukan dan memiliki beberapa kekurangan antara lain, menghasilkan yield yang rendah, selektivitas yang rendah dan menggunakan volum pelarut organik yang besar sehingga menimbulkan masalah keamanan dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode Continuous Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (CUAEE) yang merupakan salah satu metode green extraction untuk mengekstraksi berbagai jenis senyawa. Kondisi operasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ukuran simplisia daun kejibeling 80 mesh, konsentrasi enzim selulase 30 mg/g, pelarut etanol konsentrasi 50%, waktu ekstraksi 180 menit dan variasi suhu 30, 40, 50 dan 60 0C. Hasil uji menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan Total Phenolic Content (TPC) optimum sebesar 2,864 mg GAE/g daun kering dan Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) optimum sebesar 2,582 mg QE/g daun kering pada suhu 50 0C dengan waktu ekstraksi 10 menit. Ekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode CUAEE, menunjukkan bahwa proses ekstraksi secara kontinyu dapat mempercepat waktu ekstraksi. Ekstrak daun kejibeling diuji menggunakan GC–MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) dan teridentifikasi senyawa yang memiliki senyawa aktivitas antihiperglikemik yaitu 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester serta yang memiliki senyawa aktivitas antihiperkolesterolemia yaitu Tetradecanoic acid dan Palmitic acid vinyl ester.

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Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) is a green extraction method that is one of the solutions to increase yield and speed up extraction time. Research using conventional methods such as soxhlet, maceration, percolation and reflux has been carried out and has several shortcomings, including low yield, low selectivity and using large volumes of organic solvents, causing safety and environmental problems. The method used in this research is the Continuous Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (CUAEE) method, which is one of the green extraction methods for extracting various types of compounds. The operating conditions used in this study were the size of kejibeling leaf simplicia 80 mesh, cellulase enzyme concentration 30 mg/g, 50% ethanol solvent concentration, extraction time of 180 minutes and temperature variations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 0C. The test results using UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the optimum Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was 2.864 mg GAE/g dry leaves and the optimum Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was 2.582 mg QE/g dried leaves at 50 0C with an extraction time of 10 minutes. Extraction using the CUAEE method, shows that the continuous extraction process can speed up the extraction time. Kejibeling leaf extract was tested using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and identified compounds that have antihyperglycemic activity compounds, namely 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester and those with antihypercholesterolemic activity compounds, namely Tetradecanoic acid and Palmitic acid vinyl ester."

"Pada proses pemucatan CPO(crude palm oil) menggunakan bleaching earth dilakukan dengan kadar 0,5% hingga 2% dari massa CPO. Pada tahun 2010 diperlukan bleaching earth sebesar 124.000 ton/tahun. Pada penelitian kali ini spent bleaching earth akan di ekstraksi menggunakan variasi waktu, dan perbandingan volume pelarut terhadap berat sampel, dan juga variasi pelarut (acetone, petroleum eter, N-hexane and petroleum benzene). Hasil optimasi menggunakan pelarut acetone dengan waktu 24 jam dan perbandingan pelarut 4:1 ml/mg spent bleaching earth didapat POE (percentage of oil extraction) 82,95% dan FFA (free fatty acids) 16%. Hasil terbaik di produksi menjadi biodiesel dengan reaksi esterifikasitransesterifikasi menggunakan katalis asam H2SO4 1% dan basa KOH 0,25%. Hasil yield metil ester sebesar 87% selanjutnya dianalisa dengan GC-MS.

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In the bleaching process CPO (crude palm oil) using bleaching earth are conducted between 0.5% to 2% of the mass of CPO. In 2010, bleaching earth used are 124.000 tonnes/year. This work was study spent bleaching earth extraction using solvent extraction with a variation time, solvent to clay ratio, and the variation of solvent itself (acetone, petroleum eter, N-hexane and petroleum benzene). The best optimization results using acetone solvent with the 24 hours times of extraction and the solvent ratio to spent bleaching earth 4:1 ml/mg, the result is POE (percentage of oil extraction) 82,95% and FFA (free fatty acids) 16%. This residual oil converted to biodiesel by esterification-transesterification reactions, using a acid catalyst H2SO4 and base catalyst KOH 0,25% of residual oil. The results obtained with a yield of 87% metil ester and then analyzed using GC-MS."