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"Sampel forensik harimau sumatra yang umum diperdagangkan secara ilegal di Indonesia dan dunia, di antaranya yaitu kulit, rambut, tulang, gigi, dan tengkorak. Identifikasi molekuler sampel forensik dengan memanfaatkan penanda genetik spesifik dari sampel dapat menggunakan metode Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS). Teknik FINS memiliki lima tahapan, yakni ekstraksi isolat DNA, amplifikasi menggunakan primer, penentuan urutan basa nukleotida, analisis hasil sekuensing, dan analisis filogenetik. Bahan uji yang digunakan berjumlah 15 sampel forensik harimau sumatra yang diperoleh dari BKSDA Aceh, Taman Nasional Batang Gadis (TNBG), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), dan kasus kejahatan di Garut. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan, yaitu desain primer menggunakan Geneious Prime, ekstraksi sampel menggunakan Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, uji kuantifikasi DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction, analisis sekuensing, dan analisis filogenetik. Primer “CR_PTS” berhasil didesain dan memenuhi syarat primer yang baik. Kemurnian dari sampel hasil ekstraksi berkisar antara 1,1–2,3. Sampel yang berhasil tervisualisasi pada gel elektroforesis, yaitu kulit, tulang rusuk, dan tulang kaki dari Aceh, serta kulit dari TNBBS. Hasil analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan adanya pengelompokan klade antarsampel. Hasil analisis haplotipe tidak menunjukkan perbedaan wilayah asal pada Hap_1 yang terbentuk. Penelitian identifikasi sampel forensik menggunakan primer PTS_CR lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menguji tingkat spesifitas primer.

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Forensic samples of Sumatran tigers that are commonly traded illegally in Indonesia and the world, include skin, hair, bones, teeth and skulls. Molecular identification of forensic samples by utilizing specific genetic markers from samples can use the Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS) method. The FINS technique has five stages, namely extraction of DNA isolates, amplification using primers, determination of the nucleotide base sequence, analysis of the results of the sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The test materials used was 15 Sumatran tiger forensic samples obtained from BKSDA Aceh, Taman Nasional Batang Gadis (TNBG), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), and crime cases in Garut. The stages of the research were carried out, namely primer design using Geneious Prime, sample extraction using Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, DNA quantification test, PCR, sequencing analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. The primer "CR_PTS" was successfully designed and met the requirements of a good primer. The purity of the extracted samples ranged from 1.1–2.3. Samples that were successfully visualized on gel electrophoresis were skin, ribs, and leg bones from Aceh, and also skin from TNBSS. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that there was a clade grouping between samples. The results of the haplotype analysis did not show differences in the region of origin on the formed Hap_1. Further research on the identification of forensic samples using PTS_CR primers needs to be carried out to test the specificity of the primers."

"Despite a half century of structural, biophysical and biochemical investigations of ribonucleic acids, they are still mysterious. RNAs stand at fertile crossroads of disciplines, integrating concepts from genomics, proteomics, dynamics as well as biochemistry and molecular biology. From 20 years it is clear, that genetic regulation of eukaryotic organisms has been misunderstood for the last years that the expression of genetic information is effected only by proteins. Basic understanding of nucleic acids has enhanced our foundation to probe novel biological functions. This is especially evident for RNA molecules whose functionality, maturation, and regulation require formation of correct secondary structure through encoded base-pairing interactions."

"The growth in the bioinformatics and computational biology fields over the last few years has been remarkable. The analysis of the datasets of next generation sequencing needs new algorithms and approaches from fields such as databases, statistics, Data mining, machine learning, optimization, computer science and artificial intelligence. Also systems biology has also been emerging as an alternative to the reductionist view that dominated biological research in the last decades. This book presents the results of the 6th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics held at University of Salamanca, Spain, 28-30th March, 2012 which brought together interdisciplinary scientists that have a strong background in the biological and computational sciences."

"Kanker payudara masih menjadi jenis kanker yang paling umum terjadi di dunia. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit kompleks yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dapat memberikan informasi penting mengenai fenotipe, yaitu karakteristik fisik atau morfologi dari jaringan yang diperiksa. Pemeriksaan genotipe juga dapat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi varian gen pada mutasi gen tertentu, yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang faktor risiko genetik seseorang terhadap penyakit tertentu dan respons terhadap terapi target yang ditujukan pada mutasi gen tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi gen penetrasi non-BRCA dan hubungan antara genotipe-fenotipe pada pasien kanker payudara. Pada penelitian ini, pemeriksaan genotipe dilakukan menggunakan metode targeted sequencing. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 18 gen kerentanan dengan varian pathogenic dan likely-pathogenic (P/LP). Kelompok varian gen dibandingkan dengan fenotipe pasien yaitu diantaranya adalah usia, riwayat kanker payudara pada keluarga, status metastasis, subtipe molekuler, dan grade. Kesimpulannya, ditemukan mutasi gen penetrasi non-BRCA diantaranya SMAD4 H427Lfs*9, ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, dan MET K842Sfs*7, mutasi gen penetrasi SMAD4 H427Lfs*9 berhubungan dengan subtipe molekuler luminal B, mutasi gen penetrasi ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, dan MET K842Sfs*7 berhubungan dengan subtipe molekuler TNBC. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan homology modelling protein PTEN mutan terhadap protein PTEN wild type dan kaitannya dengan respons terapi target GSK2636771 dan AZD8186.

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Breast cancer is still the most common type of cancer in the world. Breast cancer is a complex disease caused by various factors. Histopathological examination can provide important information regarding the phenotype, namely the physical or morphological characteristics of the tissue being examined. Genotyping tests can also be performed to identify gene variants in certain gene mutations, which can provide information about a person's risk of genetic factors for certain diseases and response to targeted therapy aimed at certain gene mutations. This study aims to identify non-BRCA penetrance gene mutations and the relationship between genotypes in breast cancer patients. In this study, genotype examination was carried out using the targeted sequencing method. In this study, 18 susceptibility genes with pathogenic and likely-pathogenic (P/LP) variants were found. Gene variant groups were compared with the patient's phenotype, including age, family history of breast cancer, metastatic status, molecular subtype, and grade. In conclusion, non-BRCA penetrance gene mutations were found, including SMAD4 H427Lfs*9, ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, and MET K842Sfs*7. SMAD4 H427Lfs*9 penetrance gene mutation is associated with luminal molecular subtype B, ATM H1951Pfs penetrance gene mutation *39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, and MET K842Sfs*7 are associated with TNBC molecular subtypes. In this study, homology modeling was also performed on wild type PTEN protein with mutant PTEN protein and its relation to the response to targeted therapy of GSK2636771 and AZD8186."

"A unique, adaptable textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses emphasizing particular aspects of modern biotechnology.Features straightforward, jargon-free writing and extensive figures to help students make sense of complex biological systems and processes.Includes expanded coverage of the latest innovations in DNA sequencing techniques, therapeutics, vaccines, transgenic plants, and transgenic animals.Allows instructors to easily tailor the content to courses focusing on the fundamentals of biotechnology as well as courses dedicated to medical, agricultural, environmental, or industrial applications."

"Developments in molecular modeling from experimental and computational techniques have enabled a wide range of biological applications. This timely summary reflects the recent advances in bridging novel algorithms and high performance computing with characterization of important biological processes, such as folding dynamics of key proteins. It encompasses the perspectives of leading experts on this transformation in molecular biology, illustrating with state of the art examples how molecular modeling approaches are being applied to critical questions in modern quantitative biology"