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"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Ensefalitis pada anak lebih sering dijumpai daripada dewasa dan luaran buruk terjadi pada 60% subjek yang terkena. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai profil dan luaran pasien ensefalitis anak di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil dan luaran pasien ensefalitis akut pada anakMetode: Penelitian retrospektif ini menggunakan data rekam medis tahun 2014- 2018 di 3 rumah sakit pendidikan (RSCM, RSU Tangerang, RSUP Fatmawati). Gejala klinis awal, pleositosis CSS, abnormalitas neuroimaging, abnormalitas elektrofisiologis (EEG) dicatat dan luaran dinilai saat pasien pulang/meninggal dan dinyatakan sebagai luaran baik atau buruk.Hasil: Terdapat 657 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria ICD X sesuai kriteria inklusi dari 3 rumah sakit, dan data dari 190 subjek dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Subjek penelitian didominasi oleh anak usia > 1 tahun (83%). Kejang didapatkan pada 87% subjek yang diteliti dan 80%nya merupakan kejang umum. Defisit neurologis fokal terdapat pada 47% subjek (90 pasien). Pemeriksaan penunjang yang menunjukkan abnormalitas tertinggi adalah EEG (90%). Kriteria diagnostik probable terpenuhi pada 62% subjek. Mortalitas didapatkan pada 23% subjek, dengan proporsi terbanyak berasal dari RSU Tangerang. Kejang fokal dan usia > 1 tahun merupakan faktor risiko yang berperan meningkatkan luaran buruk saat pulang 3 kali lipat (p: 0,006 dan p: 0,03).Simpulan: Profil ensefalitis akut pada anak lebih banyak dijumpai pada usia > 1 tahun, dengan gejala yang sering dijumpai saat awal adalah demam, dan kejang. Pemeriksaan penunjang EEG adalah pemeriksaan tertinggi yang menunjukkan hasil positif pada pasien dugaan ensefalitis. Kejang fokal dan usia > 1 tahun merupakan faktor risiko luaran buruk.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Encephalitis in pediatric population is more frequent than adult. The outcome has been reported to have poor prognosis in 60% of cases. No data of peidatric encephalitis in Indonesia has been reported yet.Objectives: Evaluate pediatric acute encephalitis profile and factors that influence its outcome.Methods: This retrospective research used medical records data from year 2014- 2018 in 3 teaching hospitals (RSCM, RSU Tangerang, RSUP Fatmawati). We documented clinical presentation at admission, pleocytosis CSF, neuroimaging abnormality, electrophysiologic abnormality (EEG), and outcome at discharge which classified as good vs. poor outcome.Results: Among 657 patients identified using ICD X in all 3 hospitals, there were a total of 190 subjects included in this study. Eighty three percent of subjects aged > 1 years. Seizure was present in 87% subjects, and 80% of those subjects experienced generalized seizure. Focal neurological deficits was shown in 47% subjects (90 patients). Among investigation, EEG shown positive results in 90% examined subjects, while CT scan were the most prevalent. We found probable diagnostic criteria in majority of subjects (62%). Mortality was 23%, and RSU Tangerang was the major contributor. Focal seizure and age > 1 year were the risk factors associated with 3 times increased risk of poor outcome (p: 0,006 and p: 0,03).Conclusions: Age > 1 year is more prevalent in pediatric acute encephalitis. Among most common clinical presentation are fever and seizure. Abnormal EEG finding in suspected encephalitis cases give the most positive result. Focal seizure and age > 1 year were the risk factors for poor outcome"

"ABSTRAKKejang pada neonatus merupakan gejala yang paling sering ditemukan dari gangguan neurologis pada periode neonatus. Kejang pada neonatus dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari etiologi yang beragam dan ini sering menandakan adanya kerusakan atau malfungsi dari sistem saraf pusat yang belum berkembang sempurna. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil dan luaran kejang pada neonatus serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Studi retrospektif dari data sekunder rekam medis Unit Perinatologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada periode Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2019. Semua neonatus di RSCM dengan usia kronologis ≤ 28 hari pada neonatus aterm atau ≤ 44 minggu sejak konsepsi pada neonatus prematur, dengan riwayat kejang atau mengalami kejang minimal satu kali selama perawatan, diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dieksklusi bila terdapat kecurigaan kelainan bawaan dan rekam medis tidak lengkap. Pencatatan terhadap subjek meliputi riwayat antenatal, gejala klinis, hasil EEG dan neuroimaging, serta luaran. Studi dilakukan terhadap 108 subjek dan didapatkan jenis kelamin lelaki sebesar 59,3%, usia gestasi aterm sebesar 55,6%, serta berat lahir normal sebesar 52,8%. Kematian terjadi pada 38 (35,2%) subjek. Insidens kejang pada neonatus di Unit Perinatologi RSCM sebesar 3,3%. Karakteristik neonatus yang mengalami kejang adalah jenis kelamin lelaki, aterm, persalinan dengan bedah kaisar, riwayat resusitasi aktif, dan respons dengan pemberian obat anti kejang tunggal. Luaran meninggal pada penelitian ini sebesar 35,2% dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya yaitu usia gestasi, berat lahir, frekuensi kejang, dan penyakit penyerta sepsis.

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ABSTRACTNeonatal seizures are the most common manifestation of neurological disorders in the newborn period. Neonatal seizures may arise as a result of diverse etiologies and these events frequently signify serious damage or malfunction of the immature developing central nervous system. The study is aimed to determine neonatal seizures profile and factors that influence its outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study from secondary medical record data at Neonatology Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) between January 2015-Juni 2019. All neonates in CMGH with a chronological age of ≤ 28 days in a term infant or ≤ 44 weeks from conception in a preterm infant, with seizure or history of seizure were included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they were suspected of having congenital disorders or incomplete medical records. Data collected from the subjects include antenatal history, clinical symptoms, EEG findings, neuroimaging results, and outcome at discharge. A total of 108 subjects were included in the study and among neonates with seizures, 59,3% were male, 55,6% were born term, and 52,8 % had normal birth weight. Death occurred in 38 cases (35,2%). Incidens of neonatal seizure in Neonatology Unit of CMGH was 3,3%. Neonates who developed seizure characterized by male gender, term birth, delivered by section cesarean, history of active resuscitation, and respons to single antiepileptic drug. The mortality rate in this study was 35,2% with gestational age, birth weight, frequency of seizure, and sepsis being the factors that influence the outcome."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Prevalens terjadinya malnutrisi bervariasi pada berbagai siklus kemoterapi LLA. Penelitian di Malaysia mendapatkan anak LLA pasca-kemoterapi fase induksi cenderung mengalami obesitas atau status gizi lebih. Penyebab malnutrisi pada anak LLA dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Perubahan status gizi selama kemoterapi dapat memengaruhi luaran kemoterapi.Tujuan: mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perbaikan status gizi anak LLA setelah kemoterapi fase konsolidasi, serta pengaruhnya terhadap luaran kemoterapi, sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai masukan untuk upaya mengatasi malnutrisi pada anak LLA.Metode : Penelitian ini dengan uji retrospektif, di Rumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, selama tahun 2016-2018. Total sampling pada pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut yang terdiagnosis, dan menjalani kemoterapi di RSCM hingga fase konsolidasi.Hasil : Seratus empat puluh satu subyek pasien anak LLA diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 69,5% subyek mengalami perbaikan status gizi, dan 30,5% mengalami perburukan status gizi, dengan 60% perburukan ke arah overnutrition pasca-kemoterapi fase konsolidasi. Faktor risiko independen terhadap terjadinya perbaikan status gizi pasca-kemoterapi fase konsolidasi ialah tidak timbulnya efek samping kemoterapi (RR 1,36, 95% IK 1,02 - 1,81). Jenis makanan dan cara pemberian makan tidak memengaruhi perubahan status gizi anak LLA pasca-fase konsolidasi. Terdapat hubungan antara perbaikan status gizi anak LLA pasca-fase konsolidasi dengan kejadian remisi (RR 1,24, 95% IK 1,03 - 1,5).Simpulan : Status gizi pasca-kemoterapi fase konsolidasi mengalami perbaikan dibandingkan sebelum kemoterapi, sedangkan yang mengalami perburukan status gizi cenderung mengalami overnutrition. Perbaikan status gizi anak LLA pasca-kemoterapi fase konsolidasi dipengaruhi oleh tidak timbulnya efek samping kemoterapi. Terdapat hubungan antara perbaikan status gizi anak LLA pasca-kemoterapi fase konsolidasi dengan kejadian remisi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. The prevalence of malnutrition varies in phase of ALL chemotherapy. Study in Malaysia showed ALL children after induction phase of chemotherapy tended to be obese or overweight. The causes of malnutrition in ALL children can be influenced by various factors. Changes in nutritional status during chemotherapy can affect the outcome of chemotherapy.Aim: To investigate factors that influence nutritional status improvement of ALL children after consolidation phase, as well as the effect on the outcomes of chemotherapy, so it can be used as an input to overcome malnutrition in ALL children.Method: A retrospective design was performed in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2016 until 2018. Total sampling in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was diagnosed and started chemotherapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital until the consolidation phase.Result: A total of 141 subjects were included in this study. After consolidation phase, 69.5% of subjects experienced nutritional status improvements, and 30.5% worsened, of which 60% become over nutrition post-consolidation phase. Independent risk factor for the improvement of nutritional status after consolidation phase was the absence of chemotherapy side effects (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.81). There were no association between type of food and route of feeding with nutritional status improvement of ALL children after consolidation phase. There was association between improvement in nutritional status of ALL children after consolidation phase with the incidence of remission (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.5).Conclusion: Nutritional status at post-consolidation phase has improved compared to pre- chemotherapy, while those who worsening nutritional status tend to overnutrition. The absence of chemotherapy side effects affects nutritional status improvement of ALL children after consolidation phase. There is a relationship between nutritional status improvement of ALL children after consolidation phase with the incidence of remission."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Leukemia mieloid akut (LMA) mempunyai karakteristik heterogenisitas derajat tinggi yang ditandai dengan kelainan kromosom/sitogenetik, mutasi gen, dan perubahan eskpresi gen. Mutasi gen telah diketahui mempunyai peran penting sebagai biomarker prognostik dan prediktif terkait dengan kesintasan, dan juga sebagai sasaran terapi. Mutasi gen yang terlibat cukup penting dalam prognosis pasien LMA adalah FLT3-ITD, NPM1, dan CEBPA.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui frekuensi imunofenotip, mutasi gen FLT3-ITD, NPM1, dan CEBPA serta untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan kesintasan tiga bulan pada pasien LMA.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain longitudinal prospektif terhadap pasien LMA dewasa rawat jalan dan rawat inap RS Kanker Dharmais (RSKD) pada bulan Juli 2014 sampai Februari 2015. Sampel berupa 20 mL aspirat sumsum tulang atau darah perifer dengan antikoagulan EDTA. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik dan Bagian Penelitian dan Pengembangan RSKD. Deteksi mutasi gen FLT3-ITD dilakukan dengan metode elektroforesis. Deteksi mutasi NPM1 dan CEBPA dilakukan dengan metode DHPLC yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan sekuens DNA untuk mengetahui jenis mutasi. Variabel bebas berupa usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah leukosit, ekspresi imunofenotip (CD34 dan aberrant), dan mutasi gen (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, dan CEBPA), sedangkan variabel tergantung adalah luaran klinis kesintasan dalam tiga bulan.Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan: Didapatkan total 66 subjek dengan rerata usia relatif lebih muda yaitu 42,37 + 15,75 dan sebanyak 83,3 % di bawah 60 tahun. Sebanyak 54 % subjek mempunyai ekspresi CD34, dan hanya 15,2 % mempunyai ekspresi aberrant. Terdapat 40 subjek yang menjalani kemoterapi induksi (60,5 %). Hanya 37 dari 66 subjek yang dilakukan pemeriksaan mutasi gen FLT3-ITD, NPM1, dan CEBPA. Frekuensi mutasi gen FLT3-ITD, NPM1 dan CEBPA berturut-turut 16,2 %, 40,5 %, dan 35,1 %. Pada keseluruhan subjek (n = 66) ditemukan bahwa FLT3 wild type dan CEBPA mutasi berhubungan bermakna terhadap kesintasan dalam tiga bulan yang lebih pendek dengan adjusted RR berturut-turut 2,21 (p 0,022; IK95 % 1,50 - 3,26) dan 2,08 (p 0,036; IK95% 1,06 - 4,07). Pada kelompok subjek yang mendapat kemoterapi (n = 40), hanya mutasi FLT3-ITD yang secara klinis mempunyai kecenderungan memengaruhi kesintasan tiga bulan dengan RR 1,73 (p 0,273; IK95 % 1,18 - 2,54). Sebagai hasil tambahan, ditemukan bahwa mutasi NPM1 berhubungan dengan ekspresi CD34 negatif (p 0,018) dan mutasi CEBPA berhubungan dengan jumlah leukosit lebih besar dari 50 x103/μL (p 0,028).Kesimpulan: Usia LMA di Indonesia relatif lebih muda. Frekuensi mutasi FLT3-ITD relatif lebih rendah dan mutasi NPM1 dan CEBPA cenderung lebih tinggi. FLT3 wild type dan mutasi CEBPA berhubungan dengan kesintasan yang lebih pendek pada penelitian ini. Diperoleh data bahwa kejadian mutasi NPM1 behubungan dengan CD34 negatif dan mutasi CEBPA berhubungan dengan jumlah leukosit yang lebih tinggi.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has high degree of heterogeneity characteristic signed with chromosome/cytogenetic abnormality, gene mutation, and gene expression changes. The importance of gene mutation has been known as prognostic and predictive biomarker associated with survival and also as a targeted therapy. Gene mutation that is considered important in AML patient prognosis are FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and CEBPA.

Purpose: To obtain frequency data of immunophenotype and gene mutation of FLT3-ITD, NPM1, and CEBPA, and its relationship with three-month overall survival.

Method: This research was a prospective longitudinal study on adult AML patients who were admitted as outpatient and inpatient in Dharmais National Cancer Center (DNCH) on July 2014 until February 2015. Samples used were 20 mL of bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood using EDTA anticoagulant. Research was done in Pathological Laboratory and Research and Development of DNCH. FLT3-ITD gene mutation was detected using electrophoresis and NPM1 and CEBPA mutation was detected using DHLPC method continued with DNA sequencing examination to know the type of mutation. The independent variables were age, sex, leukocyte, immunophenotype (CD34 and aberrant), gene mutations (FLT3-ITD, NPM2 and CEBPA). The dependent variable was three-months overall survival.

Result and Discussion: a total of 66 subjects were collected with mean age relatively young, 39.78 years and 83.3 % of them were under 60 years. Fifty four percent subjects had positivity in CD34 expression and 15.2 % had aberrant expression. Forty subjects received induction chemotherapy (60.5 %). Only 37 of 66 subject were analyzed gene mutations. The frequency of FLT3, NPM1 and CEBPA mutation frequency was subsequently 16.2 %, 40.5 % and 35.1 %. From all subjects (n = 66), was found that wild type FLT3 and mutant CEBPA was statistically significant had twice mortality rate in three months than mutant FLT3-ITD (p 0,022; adjusted RR 2,21; IK95 % 1,50 - 3,26) and wild type CEBPA (p 0,036; adjusted RR 2,08; IK95 % 1,06 - 4,07). In treated groups (n = 40), there was no statistically significant association between independent variables with three-months survival. However, there was a clinically significant tendency that wild type FLT3 was consistently related with longer OS (RR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.18 - 2.54). As an additional result, it was found that the NPM1 mutation is associated with lack of CD34 expression (p 0.018) and CEBPA mutations were associated with leukocyte levels > 50 X103 / mL (p 0.028).

Conclusion: The age of AML patients in Indonesia are relatively younger. Proportion of FLT3-ITD gene mutation is relatively lower, whereas proportion of NPM1 and CEBPA mutations tend to be higher. FLT3-ITD wild type and CEBPA mutation are related with shorter survival in this research. Incidence of NPM1 gene mutation is related to lack of CD34 and CEBPA mutation is related to higher leukocyte count."

"Latar Belakang. Hernia Nukleus Pulposus (HNP) merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya penonjolan nukleus pulposus melalui annulus fibrosus pada diskus intervertebralis yang menekan ke arah kanalis spinalis. Minimal invasive surgery merupakan salah satu penatalaksanaan HNP dengan intervensi minimal. Dalam banyak kasus HNP, kebocoran nukleus pulposus dapat bermigrasi ke luar dari diskus intervertebralis, dan adhesi tersebut sering menyebabkan kesulitan dalam tatalaksana HNP. Indeks Disabilitas Oswestry (IDO) adalah salah satu luaran klinis untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan penanganan nyeri punggung bawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi luaran klinis IDO pada pasien hernia nukleus pulposus pasca tindakan Microendoscopic Discectomy (MED).Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode kohort pada 102 pasien, dengan menganalisis faktor usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, konsumsi rokok, konsumsi alkohol, onset nyeri, gejala nyeri radikuler, skor VAS, skor IDO, defisit neurologis, durasi dan tatalaksana konservatif, zona herniasi, derajat herniasi, lama operasi, lama perawatan, rekurensi nyeri, komplikasi dan durasi penyembuhan pascaoperasi.Hasil. Tidak semua faktor memiliki pengaruh terhadap luaran klinis IDO pada pasien HNP pasca tindakan MED berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik. Dari uji regresi linier didapatkan rumus perubahan skor IDO pasca 12 bulan operasi = 21.967 + -1.54*(VAS preoperasi) + 0.697*(IDO preoperasi) + -0.104*(usia) + 0.794*(derajat herniasi). Berdasarkan variabel derajat herniasi (1 = protrusi, 2 = ekstrusi, 3 = sekuestrasi). Uji analisis kesintasan rekurensi nyeri pada penelitian ini tidak bermakna secara statistik. Namun, rekurensi nyeri yang terjadi sebagian besar didapatkan pada kelompok protrusi dan ekstrusi, dengan IMT lebih dari 25, dan VAS preoperasi ≥ 5.Kesimpulan. Faktor yang memengaruhi luaran klinis IDO pada pasien HNP pasca tindakan MED adalah skor IDO preoperasi, VAS preoperasi, onset nyeri, IMT, usia, riwayat olahraga, derajat herniasi dan rekurensi nyeri. Hanya empat dari faktor tersebut yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi luaran IDO, yaitu VAS preoperasi, IDO preoperasi, usia dan derajat herniasi.

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Background. Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a condition of protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc that presses towards the spinal canal. Minimal invasive surgery is one of the management of HNP with minimal intervention. In many cases of HNP, leakage of the nucleus pulposus can migrate out of the intervertebral disc, and the adhesion often causes difficulties in the management of HNP. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a clinical outcome for evaluating the success of treating low back pain. This study was conducted to assess the factors that influence ODI clinical outcomes in patients with nucleus pulposus herniation after MED.

Methods. This study was an observational analytic cohort method in 102 patients. By analyzing the factors of age, sex, body mass index, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, pain onset, radicular pain, VAS pain score, ODI score, neurological deficit, duration and conservative management, herniation zone, herniation grading, length of operation, duration of treatment, recurrence of pain, complications and duration of postoperative healing.

Results. Some factors influence ODI outcome in the sample as resulted by statistical analysis. From linear regression calculation, ODI 12-months postoperative formula = 21.967 + -1.54*(VAS preoperative) + 0.697*(ODI pre-operative) + -0.104*(age) + 0.794*(grading herniation). There was no statistical significance found in the survival analysis of pain recurrence. However, the pain recurrence happened mostly in patients with protrusion and extrusion grade, with BMI more than 25, and preoperation VAS ≥5.

Conclusion. Factors influencing clinical outcomes by ODI in patients with nucleus pulposus herniation after MED were preoperative ODI, preoperative VAS, pain onset, BMI, age, sport history, herniation grading, and pain recurrence. Only four of them are able to predict postoperative ODI, they are preoperative ODI, preoperative VAS, age, and herniation grading."

"Latar Belakang. Hernia Nukleus Pulposus (HNP) merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya penonjolan nukleus pulposus melalui annulus fibrosus pada diskus intervertebralis yang menekan ke arah kanalis spinalis. Minimal invasive surgery merupakan salah satu penatalaksanaan HNP dengan intervensi minimal. Dalam banyak kasus HNP, kebocoran nukleus pulposus dapat bermigrasi ke luar dari diskus intervertebralis, dan adhesi tersebut sering menyebabkan kesulitan dalam tatalaksana HNP. Indeks Disabilitas Oswestry (IDO) adalah salah satu luaran klinis untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan penanganan nyeri punggung bawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi luaran klinis IDO pada pasien hernia nukleus pulposus pasca tindakan Microendoscopic Discectomy (MED).Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode kohort pada 102 pasien, dengan menganalisis faktor usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, konsumsi rokok, konsumsi alkohol, onset nyeri, gejala nyeri radikuler, skor VAS, skor IDO, defisit neurologis, durasi dan tatalaksana konservatif, zona herniasi, derajat herniasi, lama operasi, lama perawatan, rekurensi nyeri, komplikasi dan durasi penyembuhan pascaoperasi.Hasil. Tidak semua faktor memiliki pengaruh terhadap luaran klinis IDO pada pasien HNP pasca tindakan MED berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik. Dari uji regresi linier didapatkan rumus perubahan skor IDO pasca 12 bulan operasi = 21.967 + -1.54*(VAS preoperasi) + 0.697*(IDO preoperasi) + -0.104*(usia) + 0.794*(derajat herniasi). Berdasarkan variabel derajat herniasi (1 = protrusi, 2 = ekstrusi, 3 = sekuestrasi). Uji analisis kesintasan rekurensi nyeri pada penelitian ini tidak bermakna secara statistik. Namun, rekurensi nyeri yang terjadi sebagian besar didapatkan pada kelompok protrusi dan ekstrusi, dengan IMT lebih dari 25, dan VAS preoperasi ≥ 5.Kesimpulan. Faktor yang memengaruhi luaran klinis IDO pada pasien HNP pasca tindakan MED adalah skor IDO preoperasi, VAS preoperasi, onset nyeri, IMT, usia, riwayat olahraga, derajat herniasi dan rekurensi nyeri. Hanya empat dari faktor tersebut yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi luaran IDO, yaitu VAS preoperasi, IDO preoperasi, usia dan derajat herniasi.

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Background. Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a condition of protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc that presses towards the spinal canal. Minimal invasive surgery is one of the management of HNP with minimal intervention. In many cases of HNP, leakage of the nucleus pulposus can migrate out of the intervertebral disc, and the adhesion often causes difficulties in the management of HNP. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a clinical outcome for evaluating the success of treating low back pain. This study was conducted to assess the factors that influence ODI clinical outcomes in patients with nucleus pulposus herniation after MED.

Methods. This study was an observational analytic cohort method in 102 patients. By analyzing the factors of age, sex, body mass index, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, pain onset, radicular pain, VAS pain score, ODI score, neurological deficit, duration and conservative management, herniation zone, herniation grading, length of operation, duration of treatment, recurrence of pain, complications and duration of postoperative healing.

Results. Some factors influence ODI outcome in the sample as resulted by statistical analysis. From linear regression calculation, ODI 12-months postoperative formula = 21.967 + -1.54*(VAS preoperative) + 0.697*(ODI pre-operative) + -0.104*(age) + 0.794*(grading herniation). There was no statistical significance found in the survival analysis of pain recurrence. However, the pain recurrence happened mostly in patients with protrusion and extrusion grade, with BMI more than 25, and preoperation VAS ≥5.

Conclusion. Factors influencing clinical outcomes by ODI in patients with nucleus pulposus herniation after MED were preoperative ODI, preoperative VAS, pain onset, BMI, age, sport history, herniation grading, and pain recurrence. Only four of them are able to predict postoperative ODI, they are preoperative ODI, preoperative VAS, age, and herniation grading."

"Latar Belakang. Sejak laporan pertama ensefalitis antireseptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) pada 2007, prevalensi ensefalitis autoimun (EA) serupa dengan ensefalitis infeksi (EI). Sayangnya, heterogenitas klinis EA, serupanya klinis dengan EI, penyakit autoimun seperti neuropsikiatrik lupus eritematosus sistemik, atau penyakit psikiatrik menjadi tantangan deteksi awal dan tatalaksana EA. Keterlambatan berhubungan dengan perburukan luaran, sedangkan kekurang-tepatan menerapi EI sebagai EA dapat mengeksaserbasi infeksi. Studi ini bertujuan mengenali karakteristik EA, khususnya ensefalitis antireseptor NMDA definit sebagai EA tersering, di era keterbatasan ketersediaan penunjang definitif di Indonesia.Metode. Studi kohort retrospektif dengan rekam medis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dilakukan pada curiga EA yang menjalani pemeriksaan antireseptor NMDA cairan otak sejak Januari 2015-November 2022. Karakteristik klinis dan penunjang EA, EA seropositif NMDA, dan luarannya dinilai. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan.Hasil. Dari 102 subjek yang melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 14 EA seropositif dan 32 seronegatif NMDA. Temuan klinis EA terbanyak adalah gangguan psikiatri dan tidur (85,7%), gangguan kesadaran (78,3%), prodromal (76,1%), dan bangkitan (70,6%). Karakteristik penunjang EA adalah inflamasi sistemik (75,0%), inflamasi cairan otak (69,2%), abnormalitas MRI (57,9%) dominan inflamasi (42,2%), dan abnormalitas EEG (89,5%). Karakteristik klinis EA seropositif NMDA adalah psikosis (76,9% vs 24,1%, p=0,002), delirium (71,4% vs 40,6%, p=0,06), bangkitan (71,4% vs 46,7%, p=0,12), takikardia (55,6% vs 17,6%, p=0,08), dan gangguan otonom lainnya (55,6% vs 23,5%, p=0,19), sedangkan klinis EA seronegatif NMDA adalah somnolen (34,4% vs 7,1%, p=0,07) dan defisit neurologis fokal (31,3% vs 7,1%, p=0,13). Leukositosis dan pleositosis cairan otak dengan dominasi mononuklear secara signifikan lebih ditemukan pada EA seropositif NMDA. Sebanyak 10,9% subjek meninggal.Kesimpulan. Karakteristik klinis EA adalah gangguan psikiatri dan tidur, gangguan kesadaran, prodromal, dan bangkitan. Psikosis, delirium, bangkitan, dan disfungsi otonom cenderung lebih ditemukan pada EA seropositif NMDA. Inflamasi sistemik, cairan otak, MRI, dan abnormalitas EEG sering ditemukan pada EA, terutama seropositif NMDA. 

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Background. Since the first report of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in 2007, the prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was similar to infectious encephalitis (IE). Unfortunately, heterogenities of EA as well as similarities in the manifestation to IE, other autoimmune diseases including neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, or psychiatric diseases compromised the early detection and management of EA. This delay correlated with worse outcome whereas the inaccuracy in treting IE as AE may exacerbate infection. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of EA, particularly definitive NMDAR encephalitis as the most common, in the era of limited availability of definitive ancillary test in Indonesia.

Methods. Retrospective study using medical records at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital was conducted for suspected EA cases tested for cerebrospinal fluid NMDAR autoantibody test from January 2015 to November 2022. Clinical, ancillary characteristics, and concordance between clinical diagnosis and diagnostic criteria were assessed. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were perfomed as needed.

Result. Of 102 subjects following inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 14 seropositive and 32 seronegative NMDA subject. Clinical characterstics of AE were psychiatric and sleep disorder (85,7%), altered consciousness (78.3%), prodromal (76.1%), and seizure (70.6%). Ancillary characteristics of AE were systemic inflammation (75.0%), cerebrospinal fluid inflammation (69.2%), MRI abnormalities (57.9%) with inflammatory predominance (42.2%), and EEG abnormalities (89.5%). Seropositive NMDA characteristics were psychosis (76.9% vs 24.1%, p=0.002), delirium (71.4% vs 40.6%, p=0.06), seizure (71.4% vs 46.7%, p=0.12), tachycardia 955.6% vs 17.6%, p=-0.08), and other autonomic disorder (55.6% vs 23.5% p=0.19) whereas seronegative NMDA characteristics were somnolence (34.4% vs 7.1%, p=0.07) and focal neurologic deficit (31.3% vs 7.1%, p=0.13). Leukocytosis and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with mononuclear predominance were significantly found in seropositive NMDA AE. The mortality rate was 10.9%.

Conclusion. Clinical characteristics of AE were psychiatric and sleep disorder, altered consciousness, prodromal, and seizure. Psychosis, delirium, seizure, and autonomic dysfunction tended to be found in seropositive NMDA AE. Inflammation in systemic, cerebrospinal fluid, and MRI findings as well as EEG abnormalities commonly occurred in AE, especially seropositive NMDA."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Leukemia limfoblastik akut LLA adalah keganasan paling sering pada anak di sebagian besar dunia insiden bervariasi di berbagai daerah mulai 15 sampai 40 Keberhasilan pengobatan pada LLA dapat dilihat berdasarkan angka kesintasan Rumah Sakit Sanglah telah merawat pasien leukemia anak akan tetapi sampai saat ini belum pernah dilakukan penilaian terhadap kesintasan pada kasus leukemia akut Tujuan Untuk mengetahui angka kesintasan pasien LLA serta faktor faktor yang memengaruhi LLA di bawah umur 12 tahun di RSUP Sanglah dari tahun 2010 2012 Metode Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan di RS Sanglah dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari catatan medis pasien LLA dari Januari 2010 ndash Desember 2012 Sampel adalah pasien berusia 0 12 tahun terdiagnosis LLA kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi risiko biasa dan risiko tinggi berdasarkan nilai leukosit awal usia dan protokol LLA tahun 2006 Hasil Penelitian Terdapat 33 subjek pasien LLA Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna faktor prognostik usia 1 9 tahun dengan usia 9 tahun dan jumlah leukosit 50 000 mL dengan leukosit 50 000 mL memengaruhi angka kesintasan dengan nilai masing masing p 0 023 dan p 0 013 Angka kesintasan hidup secara keseluruhan pasien LLA adalah 30 3 didapatkan perbedaan bermakna angka kesintasan antara RT dan RB dengan nilai masing masing adalah 11 8 43 8 dan p ABSTRACT Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p;Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p;Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL is the most common hildhood cancer in the world Incidence rate found various in several countries from 15 to 40 A successful theraphy of ALL be evaluated by the survival rate Sanglah hospital has been treated children with ALL but however a research of survival rate in children with ALL has never been done before Objective To know the survival rate of children with ALL and factors that affect ALL in children under 12 years old that has been treated in Sanglah Hospital from 2010 2012 Method A retrospective cohort study run in Sanglah Hospital using secondary data from medical record of children with ALL between January 2010 December 2012 Sample is ALL patients aged 0 12 years old with diagnosis ALL will be separated into normal risk group and high risk group based on early number of leucosyte age and therapy protokol year 2006 Results There are 33 subjects of children with ALL Significant difference of prognostic factors were found between the age of 1 9 years old and at the age 9 years old as well as between leucocyte count 50 000 mL and those with leucocyte count 50 000 mL affect the survival rate with each p value of p 0 023 and p 0 013 The Overall survival rate of ALL patients was 30 3 There were significant difference of survival rate between RT and RB valued 11 8 43 8 with p"

"Latar Belakang: Ensefalitis toksoplasma (ET) termasuk infeksi oportunistik yang paling banyak menyebabkan penyakit SSP pasien AIDS. Algoritma penatalaksanaan lesi fokal otak ET pasien AIDS di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) masih berdasarkan terapi empiris ET. Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi pasien AIDS diduga ET yang menunjukkan perbaikan klinis dan atau radiologis setelah diberikan terapi empiris dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Metode: Studi retrospektif potong lintang melalui data rekam medis pasien AIDS dewasa diduga klinis ET rawat inap pertama kali di RSCM dari tahun 2010-2012 dengan CD4 <200sel/mm3. Perbaikan klinis dan atau radiologis dinilai setelah 2 minggu terapi empiris. Hasil: Didapatkan 82 subyek, dengan perbaikan klinis pada 63 pasien (77%). Terdapat 20 subyek yang menjalani pencitraan evaluasi dan dapat dibandingkan.Enam belas di antaranya didapatkan perbaikan radiologis. Median usia subyek 30 tahun (23-51) dan nilai median CD4 21 sel/mm3 (3-152). Penyakit penyerta terbanyak adalah tuberkulosis (46.3%), pneumonia (40.2%), dan sepsis (22%). Subyek tanpa sepsis memberikan respons yang lebih baik secara nyata dibandingkan subyek dengan sepsis (p= 0,000). Kesimpulan: Pemberian terapi empiris pada pasien yang diduga ET secara klinis masih menghasilkan respons klinis dan atau radiologis yang baik. Sepsis menurunkan secara bermakna respons terhadap terapi empiris.

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Background: Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is one of opportunistic infections that most cause CNS disease in AIDS and leads to focal brain lesions. The algorithm management of focal brain lesions AIDS patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) was based on empirical therapy of TE.

Aim: To find out the proportion of AIDS patients in RSCM with clinical diagnosis of TE who showed clinical and or radiological improvement after administration of empirical therapy and the influencing factors.

Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study using medical records of adult AIDS patients admitted in RSCM from year 2010–2012. The eligible subjects were those who were admitted with clinical diagnosis of TE for the first time and CD4 <200cells/mm3. Clinical and or radiological improvement was assessed after two weeks of empirical therapy.

Results: There were 82 eligible subjects. Clinical improvement was found in 63 subjects (77%). There were 20 subjects who undergone serial neuroimaging examination and have comparable result. Sixteen subjects showed radiological improvement. Median age of the subjects was 30 years old (23–51) and median CD4 was 21cells/mm3 (3–152). The most frequent comorbidities were tuberculosis (46.3%), pneumonia (40.2%), and sepsis(22%). Subjects without sepsis were more responsive to empirical therapy compared to subjects with sepsis (p= 0.00).

Conclusions: Administration of empirical therapy in patients clinically diagnosed with TE provided favourable clinical and or radiological responses. Sepsis was associated with poor response to empirical therapy."

"Latar belakang: Diare akut masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Virus merupakan penyebab tersering diare akut pada anak. Diare akut akibat virus akan menyembuh sendiri dan tidak membutuhkan terapi antibiotik. Namun, data dari Kemenkes Indonesia menyebutkan bahwa 85 pasien dengan diare di Jakarta diobati dengan antibiotik. Sampai saat ini, penelitian prevalens dan manifestasi klinis tentang diare akut akibat virus selain rotavirus masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian tentang prevalens dan gambaran klinis diare akibat virus rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus dan astrovirus belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi dan manifestasi klinis diare akut yang disebabkan oleh rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, dan astrovirus pada anak.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan di RSCM dan RSUD Budhi Asih Jakarta, sejak Februari hingga September 2017. Penelitian melibatkan 100 orang anak berusia 6-36 bulan yang datang dengan keluhan diare akut. Spesimen tinja diperiksa menggunakan rapid test CerTest untuk mendeteksi adanya rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus dan astrovirus, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan analisis tinja untuk menilai terjadinya intoleransi laktosa.Hasil: Diare akut akibat virus didapatkan pada 36 dari 100 anak, terdiri dari rotavirus 74,3 sebagai penyebab tersering, diikuti adenovirus 17,9 , norovirus 5,1 dan astrovirus 2,6 . Tiga spesimen ditemukan terdapat koinfeksi 2 virus. Diare akut akibat virus lebih sering terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari 24 bulan 73,2 , dan 55,6 diantaranya mengalami gizi kurang. Laki-laki lebih banyak terinfeksi sebesar 1,5 kali dibandingkan perempuan. Muntah merupakan gejala yang bermakna secara statistik terkait diare akut akibat virus ini 66,7 ; p=0,045 . Manifestasi klinis lainnya yaitu diare lebih dari 10 kali per hari 58,3 , dehidrasi 68,8 , batuk 66,7 , pilek 77,8 , demam 88,6 , dan warna tinja kuning hijau 44,4 . Analisis tinja menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara diare akut akibat virus dengan terjadinya intoleransi laktosa pH.

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Background Acute diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia and worldwide. Virus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children. Viral acute diarrhea is usually self limited, and does not require antibiotic therapy. However, data from Ministry of Health Indonesia reported that 85 of patients with diarrhea in Jakarta are treated with antibiotics. Data on the prevalence and clinical manifestations of viral acute diarrhea other than rotavirus are still limited. Research on prevalence and clinical features of viral diarrhea rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus and astrovirus has not been done in Indonesia.

Objective To know the prevalence of acute diarrhea caused by virus in children and its clinical manifestations.

Methods A cross sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Budhi Asih Hospital from February to September 2017. A total of 100 stool specimens were collected from patients aged 6 36 months with acute diarrhea and tested for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus and astrovirus by rapid test and then performed for stool analysis.

Results Of the 100 specimens, 36 36 were found to be positive for virus causing diarrhea. Rotavirus 74.3 was the most frequently detected, followed by adenovirus 17.9 , norovirus 5.1 and astrovirus 2.6 . Three specimens were found positive by two viruses. Viral diarrhea was seen in 73.2 of children aged under 24 months, of whom 55.6 of them were undernourished. Males were affected 1.5 times as much as females. Vomiting was significantly associated with viral acute diarhhea 66.7 p 0.045 . Other clinical manifestations were passage of diarrheic stools more than 10 times a day 58.3 , dehydration 68.8 , cough 66.7 , rhinorhea 77.8 , fever 80.6 , and yellow greenish stools 44.4 . Stool analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant association between viral diarrhea and lactose intolerance pH"