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"ABSTRAKAmmonia and phosphorus have been recognized as the cause of eutrophication in surface water. Chuat Man Canal is faced with water quality degradation problem due to the high concentrations of ammonia and total phosphorus in the water body that makes it unsuitable for fish ponds. Removal of ammonia and phosphorus by the adsorption process is simple and not requires chemical use. In addition, ammonia is well adsorbed by activated carbon and zeolite while phosphorus is adsorbed by zeolite. This research used zeolite and activated carbon for the adsorption of ammonia and total phosphorus. The results of laboratory experiments at 30 °C 200 rpm 60 minutes, revealed that adsorption of ammonia using zeolite correlated with Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9031). For ammonia adsorption using activated carbon, it correlated with Langmuir (R2 = 0.9596) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.9113) isotherms, respectively. For field experiment, 9 zeolite and activated carbon adsorbent pads with ratio of 1.6:1 by weight were placed across the canal sections. Each pad had 2 openings and each opening contained its adsorbent volume of 1.0 × 0.015 × 0.6 m3 (width × length × height). The front opening contained 5 kg of activated carbon while the back part contained 8 kg of zeolite. During the study, water flow velocity at surface of water was ranged from 0.022 - 0.027 m/s. Concentration of ammonia in influent and effluent was ranged from 1.755- 8.817 mg/L and 1.473-7.063 mg/L, respectively while that for total phosphorus was ranged from 0.045 - 0.095 mg/L and 0.042 - 0.089 mg/L, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency occurred 20 and 43 minutes after installation of the adsorption pads which were 6.73% for total phosphorus and 23.17% for ammonia, respectively."

"In order to practice green chemistry, a simple and safe spectrophotometric method for iodide determination has been successfully developed based on the formation of a blue starch-iodine complex. Iodide was oxidized to form iodine prior to the addition of a starch solution, and the blue starch-iodine complex was directly detected spectrophoto-metrically at a wavelength of 615 nm. The chemical parameters, such as type, reaction time, as well as concentration of oxidizing agents and solution pH were optimized with respect to sensitivity and analysis time. The method showed optimum results under iodate oxidant with a mol ratio of IO3 -:I- =1:3, reaction time of 5 minutes, and solution pH of 5. Under these optimum conditions, the method showed linierity measurements from 5-40 mg/L iodide with a correlation (R2) of 0.9889. This technique offers a simple, safe, accurate, and relatively fast method for iodide determination, which is prospective for monitoring iodide samples.

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Metode Spektrofotometri Sederhana dan Aman untuk Penentuan Iodida. Penentuan iodida menggunakan metode spektrofotometri sederhana dengan bahan kimia tidak berbahaya telah berhasil dikembangkan berdasarkan pembentukan kompleks biru iodium-amilum. Iodida terlebih dahulu dioksidasi menjadi iodium yang dengan penambahan amilum menghasilkan kompleks biru iodium-amilum yang dapat dideteksi menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 615 nm. Parameter kimia, seperti jenis, waktu reaksi, dan konsentrasi oksidator, serta pH larutan dioptimasi untuk meningkatkan sensitifitas dan efektifitas waktu analisis. Hasil optimasi metode menunjukkan bahwa hasil optimum diperoleh pada mol rasio oksidator iodat terhadap iodida 1:3, waktu reaksi 5 menit, dan pH larutan 1. Pada kondisi optimum tersebut, metode ini memberikan linieritas pengukuran iodida dari 5-40 mg/L dengan koefisien korelasi (R2) 0,9889. Metode ini menawarkan cara yang sederhana, aman, akurat, dan relatif cepat untuk penentuan iodida yang prospektif untuk monitoring sampel iodida."

"Two-dimensional photonic crystal structures not only confine light and guide waves laterally but also reflect light in thenormal direction due to a slow Bloch mode effect. However, evidence of the utilization of this structure as a mirror isrequired. Therefore, in this work, a simulation was made and experimental results were obtained to prove that there wasan increase in the intensity of reflected CdSe colloidal quantum dots emission in the normal direction when a 2Dphotonic crystal structure was used. A thin TiO2 film was shaped into a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure usinga simple sol-gel and polystyrene-mask-etching procedure. This structure was then placed on top of the thin CdSequantum dots film layer. The emission of quantum dots onto the two-dimensional photonic crystal structure wascompared to quantum dots emission onto a flat, thin TiO2 film. An increase in the quantum dots emission of up to 105%was in the presence of the two-dimensional photonic crystal structure. This finding is very useful for photonic deviceapplications, such as light-emitting diodes, laser systems and bio-tagging detection systems.Studi Simulasi dan Eksperimen Struktur Kristal Fotonik Dua Dimensi sebagai Pemantul Emisi Kuantum DotMasalah Arah Normal. Kristal fotonika dua dimensi tidak hanya dapat mengukung cahaya dan memandu gelombangke arah sisi horizontal, tapi juga mampu memantulkan cahaya ke arah normal dikarenakan efek moda slow Bloch .Namun bukti tentang penggunaan stuktur ini masih dibutuhkan. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini hasil simulasi danpercobaan telah didapatkan untuk membuktikan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pantulan emisi CdSe kuantum dot colloidpada arah normal saat kristal fotonika dua dimensi digunakan. Sebuah lapisan tipis TiO2 dibentuk menjadi kristalfotonika dua dimensi denga menggunakan teknik sol-gel yang sederhana dan etching dengan menggunakanpolystyrene. Struktur ini diletakkan di atas lapisan kuantum dot CdSe. Emisi dari kuantum dot di atas kristal fotonikadua dimensi dibandingkan dengan emisi kuantum dot di atas lapisan tipis dan datar TiO2. Peningkatan emisi kuantumdot hingga mencapai 105% berkat kehadiran kristal fotonika dua dimensi. Hasil ini sangat berguna untuk aplikasidivais fotonika seperti LED, sistem laser dan sisten detesi bio-tagging."

"The explosive sensitivity upon the formation of supramolecular interaction between the nitro group of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and metal ions (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, Be2+ and Mg2+) has been investigated using Density FunctionalTheory at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the C1?N6 trigger bond hasalso been discussed for the NTO monomer and the corresponding complexes. The interaction and bond dissociationenergy of the C6?N7 trigger bond follow the order of NTO-Be2+ > NTO-Mg2+ > NTO-Li+ > NTO-Na+ > NTOmonomer. The enhancement of the trigger bond dissociation energy in comparison with the NTO monomer correlateswell with the complex interaction energies, trigger bond length, and charge transfer. The analyses of electron densityshifts have shown that the electron density of the nitro group shifts toward the C1?N6 trigger bond upon the formationof the supramolecular interaction. As result, the trigger bond is strengthened and the sensitivity of NTO is reduced.Some of the calculated results agree with the experimental values.Sensitivitas Peledak Akibat Pembentukan Kompleks 3-Nitro-1,2,4-Triazol-5-One dan Ion Logam berdasarkanTeori Fungsional Kerapatan. Sensitivitas peledak yang terbentuk dari interaksi supramolekuler senyawa 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) dan ion logam (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, Be2+ and Mg2+) telah dipelajari menggunakan TeoriFungsional Kerapatan pada tingkatan teori B3LYP/6-311++G**. Energi pemutusan ikatan pada ikatan pemicu ledakan(C1-C6) juga telah dipelajari untuk monomer NTO dan senyawa kompleksnya. Energi ikat dan energi pemutusan ikatanmengikuti urutan: NTO-Be2+ > NTO-Mg2+ > NTO-Li+ > NTO-Na+ > monomer NTO. Peningkatan energi pemutusanikatan berbanding lurus dengan energi ikat, panjang ikatan pemicu ledakan dan transfer muatan. Analisis perubahankerapatan elektron menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan elektron gugus nitro berpindah pada ikatan C1-N6 ketika kompleksterbentuk. Hal ini menyebabkan ikatan pemicu ledakan menjadi semakin kuat sehingga sensitivitas NTO menjadiberkurang. Hasil kajian teoritis ini sesuai dengan hasil kajian eksperiemen."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan komposit guna aplikasi sebagai blok rem kereta api. Komposit dibuat dengan matriks paduan Al A356 dan variasi penambahan fraksi volume Al2O3 sebagai penguat pada komposit. Variasi yang digunakan yaitu 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, dan 15%. Komposit Al A356/Al2O3 dibuat melalui metode Stir Casting. Magnesium sebesar 10% ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan antara partikel Al2O3 dengan Al A356. Penambahan Magnesium diharapkan dapat membentuk fase spinel MgAl2O4 didaerah antarmuka Al2O3 dengan Al A356. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit Al A356/Al2O3 2% fraksi volume memiliki kekuatan tarik yang lebih baik dibanding dengan variabel lain. Nilai kekuatan tariknya mencapai 131,55 MPa lalu elongasinya sebesar 4,35%. Akan tetapi, nilai kekuatan tarik ini masih dibawah dari Al A356 As cast. Hal tersebut disebabkan akibat adanya porositas dan aglomerasi partikel Al2O3 yang ditemukan pada struktur mikro komposit Al A356/Al2O3. Di sisi lain, Nilai kekerasan meningkat dari material monolitiknya Al A356 as cast, mencapai 37,43 HRB.

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This study conducted composite manufacture to applications as railway brake blocks. Composites made with a matrix of Al alloy A356 and the addition volume fraction of variations Al2O3 as reinforcement in composites. Variations used is 2%, 5%, 8%, 10% and 15%. Al composite A356 / Al2O3 is made through methods Stir Casting. Magnesium of 10% is added to improve wettability between Al2O3 particles with Al A356. Addition of Magnesium is expected to form the spinel phase MgAl2O4 in interface area Al2O3 with Al A356.The results showed that the composite Al A356/Al2O3 2% volume fraction have a better tensile strength compared with other variables. Tensile strength value reached 131.55 MPa and elongation 4.35%. However, the value is still below the tensile strength of Al A356 As cast. It is caused due to the porosity and the agglomeration of Al2O3 were found in the microstructure of the composite Al A356/Al2O3. On the other side, hardness value increased from material monolithic Al A356 as cast, reaching 37.43 HRB."

"Metode Recovery by Equilibrium in Parches adalah metode pemulihan solusi gaya dalam metode elemen hingga yang diperkenalkan oleh B Boroomand. Metode ini merupakan metode pemulihan superconvergent dengan menggunakan patch sebagai media perhitungan seperti juga halnya metode Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) yang sudah lebih dulu dikenal sebagai metode pemulihan dengan kinerja bagus. Dalarn penelitian ini dilakukan uji numerik implementasi metode tersebut dalam mengestimasi error metode elemen hingga untuk pelat lentur dengan elemen DKMQ. Uji numerik dilakukan dengan penghalusan jaringan elemen (mesh) tipe-h secara seragam dan adaptif. Pengujian tersebut dibandingkan dengan tiga metode pemulihan gaya dalam lainnya yaitu metode SPR, metode rata-rata langsung, dan metode proyeksi.Penulis menggunakan program UI-FEAP sebagai program utama untuk melakukan uji numerik. Program tersebut telah disertai subrutin formulasi elemen DKMQ dan Error Estimator Z2 yang ditulis dalam bahasa FORTRAN hasil penelitian peneliti lain sebelumnya. Penulis menambahkan subrutin yang terkait dengan perhitungan metode REP.

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Recovery by Equilibrium in Patches (REP) is a recovery method introduced by B Boroomand. This method is using patch as recovery media as is used by Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) which is well known as a good recovery method. In this research, a numerical study of REP implementation is held to estimate error in finite element analysis using DKMQ element. The numerical study is performed with both uniform and adaptive h-type mesh refinement. The result is compared with three other recovery method, i.e. SPR method, averaging method, and projection method.UI-FEAP program is used as main program in the numerical study. The program has been enriched with DKMQ and Z2 error estimator subroutines written in FORTRAN programming language by other researcher. The author added subroutines related to REP method."

"Proses low pressure die casting merupakan salah satu jenis proses casting dimana pada proses ini parameter umum seperti tekanan, kecepatan, temperatur dan waktu diatur sedemikian rupa untuk mendapatkan hasil produk yang maksimal.Indeks kompleksitas manufaktur memungkinkan orang dengan berbagai latar belakang untuk secara cepat mengevaluasi alternatif dan risiko sehubungan dengan produk, proses atau operasi. Indeks kompleksitas proses low pressure die casting (␣pcx) adalah indikator dari suatu proses manufaktur yang menggambarkan nilai kerumitan gabungan dari setiap urutan sub proses (pcx). Berdasarkan data riwayat produk, hasil penelitian dan diskusi dengan beberapa ahli diperoleh bahwa parameter utama yang berpengaruh adalah : temperatur, tekanan, kecepatan, die, core, dan material yang digunakan.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yang diperkenalkan oleh ElMaraghy dan Urbanic dimana penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan atas jumlah informasi, variasi informasi dan isi informasi. Perhitungan dilakukan terhadap tiga produk cylinder head, hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai kompleksitas proses masing-masing yaitu 1TR = 6.18, 2TR = 6.01 dan 3SZ = 4.75, selanjutnya dilakukan analisa pengaruh kompleksitas masing-masing sub proses terhadap nilai komplesitas proses keseluruhan.Hasil analisa menyatakan bahwa nilai kompleksitas sub proses berbanding lurus (linear) terhadap kompleksitas proses keseluruhan. Nilai kompleksitas proses dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan alternatif untuk mengurangi resiko tingkat kerumitan proses pada tahap proses desain. Sebagai contoh, dengan mengurangi konstruksi die yang awalnya terdiri dari 6 bagian menjadi 5 bagian dan penggunaan jumlah core dari 6 menjadi 5, berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ulang diperoleh indek kompleksitas 1TR dapat turun menjadi 6.09 atau 8.8 %.

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The process of low pressure die casting is one of the casting process in which the general process parameters such as pressure, speed, temperature and time are set in such a way as to obtain the maximum product quality.

The manufacturing complexity index allows people with diverse backgrounds to rapidly evaluate alternatives and risks with respect to the product, process or operation tasks. Complexity index of low pressure die casting process (Σpcx) is an indicator of a manufacturing process that describes the value of the combined complexity of any sequence of sub-processes (pcx). Based on the history product data, research and discussions with some experts found that the main parameters process are : temperature, pressure, speed, die, core, and materials.

The method used was introduced by ElMaraghy and Urbanic where the assessment is based on the amount of information, variety of information and the information content. Calculations performed on three different products of cylinder head, the result are 1TR = 6.18, 2TR = 6.01 and 3SZ = 4.75, then the results compared with the sub process complexity (setting, filling, solidification and handling).

The results of the analysis states that the value of complexity is directly proportional (linear) to the the sub process complexity. Process complexity index can be used as an alternative approach for reducing the complexity risk during the design stages. For example by reducing the die construction which originally consisted of six parts into 5 parts and the used of cores from 6 to 5, based on the results obtained by recalculation 1TR complexity index can be reduced from 6.18 to 6:09 or 8.8%."

"Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki potensi besar dalam industri besi dan baja. Maka dari itu potensi Indonesia di industri besi dan baja harus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Sehingga diperlukan teknologi untuk memanfaatkan potensi yang ada. Tanur putar merupakan salah satu contoh teknologi yang dapat digunakan. Pada tanur putar terjadi reduksi langsung bijih besi bongkah menjadi besi spons. Proses reduksi langsung dilakukan dengan menggunakan reduktor arang batok kelapa. Pada proses reduksi langsung terdapat parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi reduksi langsung salah satunya adalah ukuran bijih besi yang digunakan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran bijih, ukuran bijih yang digunakan adalah 1 cm, 2 cm, dan 3 cm. Hasil reduksi diuji dengan menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi reduksi dari Fe2O3 menjadi Fe3O4 dan bijih berukuran 1 cm merupakan bijih yang mengalami reduksi paling optimal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bijih 1 cm merupakan ukuran yang paling optimal untuk proses reduksi langsung.

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Indonesia as an archipelago has great potential in the iron and steel industry. Thus the potential in the iron and steel industry should be developed to improve the community's economy. A necessary technology needed to exploit the potential. Rotary kiln is one technology that can be used. Inside, direct reduction occurs reducing lump ores into sponge irons. Direct reduction process is done using coconut charcoal as a reductant. There are parameters that affect the direct reduction process, one of them is the ore size.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of ore size, ore used is 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. Reduction results tested using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). The results showed that reduction occurs, reducing of Fe2O3 into Fe3O4 and 1 cm-sized ore is the optimally reduced ore. It can be concluded that the ore 1 cm is the optimal size for the direct reduction process."

"This paper presents a continuing study of the human cognitive aspect application in the technical systems. The laststudies design a human-centered design based on the German culture. The result shows a significant difference ofhuman performance between Germans and Indonesians. Therefore, this study examines the human cognitive modelbased on Indonesian culture to investigate whether the different cognitive model based on the culture aspect canimprove the human performance. The study was conducted on 60 people classified by age, young (16-34 years old) andold (older than 34 years old). Participants render predictions on an assembly activity for two interim states of twodifferent types of products which are the Builderific brick and the Pulley Release based on four types of the assemblystrategy model (Reference, Combination, Human Behavior 1, and Human Behavior 2). The dependent variables areprediction time, mental workload, and predictive accuracy. The results show that the models of human assemblystrategies and the products have significant influences on mental workload and predictive capability. The age variablesignificantly influences mental workload, performance, and prediction capabilities."