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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang kriminalisasi yang dialami oleh perempuan pekerja migran domestik Indonesia yang bekerja di Timur Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melihat adanya kerentanan perempuan pekerja migran domestik Indonesia dalam menghadapi sistem hukum negara tujuan berdasarkan teori feminis sosialis dan feminis jurisprudensi dimana kelas dan gender mempengaruhi praktek hukum di Timur Tengah. Tiga orang perempuan pekerja migran yang pernah mengalami kriminalisasi menjadi subjek penelitian yang pengalamannya digunakan untuk menganalisis dalam penelitian ini. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kritis untuk melihat bagaimana kriminalisasi perempuan pekerja migran domestik Indonesia di Timur Tengah adalah bentuk dari kekerasan terhadap perempuan.

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This undergraduate thesis discusses about criminalization of Indonesian women migrant domestic workers in the Middle East. This research sees the vulnerability of Indonesia women migrant domestic workers in facing the countries’ law based on Socialist Feminist and Feminist Jurisprudence Theory. Three Indonesian women migrant domestic workers were interviewed as the subjects in this research due to their experienced of criminalization. Then, it all would be used for analyzing as according to the theoritical framework. Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the criminalization of Indonesian women migrant domestic workers was a form of violence against women."

"Disertasi ini membahas strategi Buruh Migran Perempuan sebagai ibu ketika ia bekerja di Timur Tengah khususnya Arab Saudi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif strategi studi kasus. Unit analisis penelitian adalah keluarga, yang kemudian dianalisis melalui perspektif gender. Konsep utama yang digunakan transnational motherhood serta teori konflik keluarga.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada empat strategi yang dilakukan oleh Buruh Migran Perempuan. Isu sosial budaya yang berlaku di tempat bekerja memberi pengaruh pada kondisi Buruh Migran Perempuan ketika bekerja serta berpengaruh pada pilihan strategi. Sementara itu, di daerah asal terlihat bahwa pengasuhan anak dilakukan oleh ?ibu pengganti? dengan melibatkan keluarga luas.;

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This dissertation discusses about the strategy of Women Migrant Workers as a mother when she works in Middle East especially Saudi Arabia. This research is conducted with a strategy of qualitative approach of case studies. The unit of analysis is the family, which is then analyzed based on gender perspective. The main concept used is transnational motherhood and family conflict theory.

The results showed there are four strategies undertaken by Women Migrant Workers. Socio-cultural issues prevailing in the workplace is affecting the condition of Women Migrant Workers while working and influential on the choice of strategy. Meanwhile, in the origin region shows that child care is done by 'substitute mother' by involve the extended family."

"Migrasi perempuan sebagai pekerja rumah tangga PRT telah menjadi sebuah fenomena hubungan internasional yang masih minim dibahas dalam literatur akademis. Pembahasan dalam literatur mengenai migrasi perempuan sebagai PRT seringkali terfokus kepada bagaimana mereka merupakan korban yang rentan terhadap berbagai subordinasi dan opresi. Perempuan PRT migran telah dijuluki sebagai pahlawan devisa dalam istilah populer di Indonesia, namun mereka masih direpresentasikan sebagai korban yang tidak berdaya. Tinjauan pustaka dalam tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan literatur dalam membahas keberdayaan yang dimiliki para perempuan PRT selama proses migrasi. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan menyorot agensi yang dimiliki para perempuan PRT migran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus feminis terhadap pengalaman enam perempuan PRT migran yang telah kembali ke Indonesia. Dengan menganalisis perjuangan para perempuan tersebut dalam memberdayakan diri mereka pada saat maupun setelah mengalami berbagai bentuk opresi, akan terlihat bagaimana agensi telah dimanifestasikan oleh para perempuan PRT migran selama migrasi. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bagaimana perempuan PRT migran telah memanifestasikan keberdayaan mereka melalui pembuatan keputusan bermigrasi dalam struktur patriarkis, kemampuan untuk melawan struktur dengan aktivisme, serta dengan menjadi agen pembangunan dan perubahan bagi komunitasnya.

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The migration of women as domestic workers has become an international relations phenomenon that still lacks academic attention. The literatures discussing about migration of women as domestic workers has focused on representing them as victims who are vulnerable towards many forms of subordination and oppression. Women migrant domestic workers have been commonly addressed as ldquo heroes of foreign exchange rdquo in Indonesia, yet they are also still represented as powerless victims. The literature review in this research shows that there is a literature gap in the discussion of women migrant domestic workers during the migration process. This research seeks to fill in that gap by highlighting the agency of women migrant domestic workers. This research uses the feminist case study method towards the experience of six women migrant domestic workers who have returned to Indonesia. The author believes that by analyzing the struggle of those women in empowering themselves both during and after oppression, it will show how agency is manifested by these women migrant domestic workers throughout the migratory process. Through this research, it will be revealed how women migrant domestic workers have manifested their empowerment through their decision to migrate in a patriarchal structure, their capability in defying structure through activism, and also through becoming agents of development and change for their communities. "

"Abstract:"This volume makes the case for the fair treatment of female migrant workers from the global South who are employed in wealthy liberal democracies as care workers, domestic workers, home health workers, and farm workers. An international panel of contributors provide analyses of the ethical, political, and legal harms suffered by female migrant workers, based on empirical data and case studies, along with original and sophisticated analyses of the complex of systemic, structural factors responsible for the harms experienced by women migrant workers. The book also proposes realistic and original solutions to the problem of the unjust treatment of women migrant workers, such as social security systems that are transnational and tailored to meet the particular needs of different groups of international migrant workers"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan resiliensi antara buruh migran wanita korban kekerasan yang memilih kembali bekerja dan yang memilih untuk tidak kembali bekerja.Partisipan dari kelompok pertama sebanyak 34 orang, sedangkan dari kelompok kedua sebanyak 16 orang. Resiliensi diukur dengan menggunakan The 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14) yang disusun oleh Wagnild dan Young (2009) dan telah diadaptasi oleh Sihombing (2011). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor resiliensi di kedua kelompok (t = 9.738, p = 0.021). Dari wawancara terhadap beberapa partisipan, baik yang mau kembali bekerja ke luar negeri maupun yang tidak, ternyata alasan yang diungkapkan memang berbeda. Temuan ini sangat perlu ditindak lanjuti oleh pihak yang berwenang agar para wanita selaku buruh migran perlu dipersiapkan dengan baik sebelum dikirim ke negara tujuan.

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This study investigates resilience of Indonesian women migrant workers who had been victims of violence when they worked overseas and had then returned to Indonesia. They are from two segments: Those who choose to return to work overseas, and those who do not want to do so. Altogether 34 women from the first group participated in this study while the second group consisted of 16 women. Resilience was measured using the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14) prepared by Wagnild and Young (2009) and had been adapted by Sihombing (2011) for Indonesian setting.

The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences between these two groups in terms of their resilience scores (t = 9,738; p = 0.021). Interviews with several of the participants reveal the reasons why they want or do not want to return to work overseas. These results have important implications on how the Indonesian women migrant workers should be prepared before they are sent overseas."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana akses keadilan dapat dijamin melalui terpenuhinya hak atas informasi bagi perempuan pekerja migran. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga akan memberikan gambaran mengenai dampak dari keterbatasan akses yang dialami perempuan pekerja migran desa Krasak dan cara mereka menghadapi permasalahan yang timbul dalam tahap pra-penempatan. Penelitian mengenai pekerja migran sudah banyak ditulis, namun pengalaman perempuan pekerja migran di tahap pra-penempatan masih belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosio-legal berperspektif perempuan. Peneliti melakukan studi dokumen terhadap berbagai instrumen hukum nasional dan internasional mengenai hak atas informasi perempuan pekerja migran. Berbagai peraturan hukum tersebut dianalisa secara kritikal menggunakan pendekatan teori hukum feminis yang mempertanyakan bagaimana posisi perempuan di dalam hukum, apakah hukum melindungi atau merugikan serta apakah dalam pembuatan hukum tersebut pengalaman perempuan diakomodir. Selain itu peneliti melakukan observasi, focus group discussion FGD, dan wawancara mendalam di desa Krasak. Wawancara juga dilakukan dengan pengurus SBMI, kepala desa, kepala dinas tenaga kerja, dan para pihak lain yang terkait. Peneliti juga melakukan pengamatan, utamanya untuk melihat aktivitas dan kehidupan perempuan pekerja migran desa Krasak. Data observasi, FGD dan wawancara juga dianalisa dengan menggunakan teori hukum feminis karena cerita pengalaman perempuan menjadi bahan penting dalam kajian hukum berperspektif perempuan.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to explain how access to justice can be guaranteed through the fulfillment on the right of information for women migrant workers. Furthermore, this study will also provide an overview on the impact of the limited access experienced by women migrant domestic workers in Krasak Village and how they face the problems that arise from the pre placement phase. Research on migrant workers has been widely written, but the experience of women migrant workers in the pre placement phase has not been studied deeply. This research uses socio legal method with womens perspective. Researcher conducted document studies on various national and international legal instruments on the right of information for women migrant workers. These legal instruments are critically analyzed using a feminist legal theory approach that questions how womens are being positioned within the law, whether the law protect or harm women and whether womens experienced are being accomodated in the making of the law. In addition, researcher has conducted observations, focus group discussions FGD and in depth interviews in Krasak Village. Interviews were also conducted with SBMI board members, village heads, ministry of manpower and other related parties. Researchers also made observations, primarily to see the activities and lives of women migrant workers in Krasak village. Observational data, FGD and interviews were also analyzed using feminist legal theory because the story of womens experience became an important ingredient in womens perspective legal review. "

"Angka kekerasan yang semakin meningkat terhadap buruh migran Indonesia selama tahun 2004-2010 menunjukkan bahwa kualitas kebijakan perlindungan terhadap buruh migran Indonesia, khususnya perempuan di masa pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) 2004-2010 belum berperspektif perlindungan. Partisipasi politik gerakan buruh migran perempuan dan kelompok buruh migran perempuan yang merupakan aktor informal dalam tahap penyusunan kebijakan adalah penting sebagai bentuk demokratisasi di Indonesia.Sebagai pijakan teoritis, penelitian ini menggunakan teori representasi dan partisipasi politik perempuan dalam kebijakan dari Joni Lovenduski dan teori feminisme sosialis dari Iris Young sebagai teori utama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, sedangkan tipe penelitian adalah deskriptif analisis dan menggunakan purposive sampling untuk mewawancarai buruh migran perempuan yang bekerja dan pernah bekerja di Malaysia. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen.Temuan dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi politik gerakan perempuan buruh migran dan kelompok buruh migran seperti LSM, Serikat Buruh dan Asosiasi Buruh dalam penyusunan kebijakan belum diperhatikan oleh pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Partisipasi politik kedua-nya masih masuk dalam klasifikasi marginal dan bukan insider karena tidak dapat memasukkan debat kebijakan gender dalam kebijakan perlindungan buruh migran. Konsep kapitalisme dan patriarkhi yang terjadi pada fenomena pengiriman buruh migran perempuan Indonesia, menyebabkan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia, khususnya yang bekerja di Malaysia terkena kekerasan selama tahap pra penempatan, penempatan dan purna penempatan.Implikasi teori menunjukkan bahwa teori Lovenduski yang menyatakan ketika gerakan perempuan dan agensi kebijakan perempuan didukung oleh Negara dan menjadi insider, maka partisipasi politik perempuan dalam kebijakan akan meningkat, tidak dapat terjadi di Indonesia. Pelabelan ranah domestik bagi buruh migran perempuan Indonesia dan tidak adanya pemberdayaan gerakan perempuan yang mandiri dari pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2010), membuat buruh migran perempuan mengalami kekerasan kapitalisme berupa patriarkhi pengupahan seperti teori yang dikemukakan oleh Iris Young.

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The evidence suggests that there has been a significant increase in violence against Indonesian women migrant workers in the period 2004-2010 and it is show that the quality of the protection policy in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono era, has not conveyed a protection perspective. The political participation of the informal actor in the policy making process such as the women?s migrant workers movement and the interest groups of migrant workers is very necessary in the process of democratization in Indonesia.

As a theoretical framework, this research used the representation and women?s political participation in the policy theory of Joni Lovenduski and the socialist feminism theory from Iris Young as the main theory. The research method used is qualitative. The research type is a descriptive analysis and used a purposive sampling for doing interviews with women migrant workers currently working or had ever worked in Malaysia. The data collection method is by indepth interview and document study.

The research for this study found that the political participation of the women migrant workers? movement and the interest groups of migrant workers such as NGO?s and workers? associations in the policy making process is not being given proper attention yet in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono era. Their political participation is still in the classification as marginal and not as an insider. That classification means that the gender policy debate almost totally overlook the protection policy toward migrant workers. The concept of capitalism and patriarchy that occurred towards the placement of Indonesian women migrant workers has caused Indonesian women migrant workers to experience violence in all phases of the pre-placement, placement and post-placement processes, especially for those who work or have worked in Malaysia.

The theory implication shows that the theory of Lovenduski which stated that when the women?s movement and interest groups of migrant workers are supported by the state and becomes an insider, then the women?s political participation can increase, but as yet this has not happened in Indonesia. The labeling of the domesticity area for women migrant workers and the absence of women?s empowerment during the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono era of 2004- 2010, lends further support to the oppression of women migrant workers and as capitalistic in nature and as a form of patriarchal payment like that which Iris Young described in her theory."

"Tesis ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tentang peraturan terkait perlindungan pekerja migran, khususnya peraturan tentang Layanan Terpadu Satu Pintu sebagai a bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan oleh UU No. 18 tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Buruh Migran Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-empiris oleh menganalisis produk hukum terkait dengan layanan terpadu satu atap, kemudian menerapkan hukum dan praktik apakah telah memberikan akses ke layanan perlindungan bagi perempuansebagai pekerja migran di Desa Jambenenggang dan Barabali. Akses ke wanita pekerja migran dalam hal perlindungan sebelum bekerja bahkan belum terpenuhi meskipun mereka telah membentuk layanan terpadu satu atap yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi perempuan pekerja migran untuk mengelola pekerjaan di luar negeri mulai dari memperoleh kompetensi dan mengelola dokumen penempatan langsung di LTSA. Penerapan diperlukan aturan dalam melaksanakan layanan terpadu satu atap sesuai dengan UU No. 18 tahun 2017 yang memuat mekanisme penempatan, perlindungan dan pengawasan dalam menjalankan LTSA.

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This thesis will answer questions about regulations relating to the protection of migrant workers, specifically the regulations on One Stop Integrated Services as a form of protection provided by Law No. 18 of 2017 concerning Protection Indonesian Migrant Workers. The research method is juridical-empirical by analyzing legal products related to one-stop integrated services, then applying the law and practice whether it has given access to protection services for women as a migrant worker in the villages of Jambenenggang and Barabali. Access to women migrant workers in terms of protection before work has not even been fulfilled even though they have established a one-stop integrated service that aims to facilitate women migrant workers to manage work abroad starting from gaining competence and managing direct placement documents at LTSA. Application required rules in carrying out one-stop integrated services in accordance with Law no. 18 of 2017 which contains the mechanism of placement, protection and supervision in carrying out LTSA."