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"ABSTRAKThis study examined factors that determine immigrant womens service usage, using Gelberg-Andersens Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as a conceptual framework. Considering that the degree to which female marriage migrants take advantage of support services varies considerably within the group, special analytic attention was given to possible differences in service utilization patterns depending on their employment status. The study utilized National Survey on Multicultural Family data set from 2009. Among the total 154,333 individuals, the study used a sub-sample of 53,155 female marriage migrants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible differences in service utilization in relations to employment status. The relationship between the two support services (adjustment assistance services and family care services) was examined. In addition, the three domains of factors that jointly explain the use of services among female marriage migrants were explored. The study found that female marriage migrants have different needs depending on their employment status. In terms of adjustment assistance service use determinants, the strongest predictor was having Joseonjok (Korean-Chinese) ethnicity for both the employed and unemployed group. When predicting the family care service use, number of children turned out to be the strongest predictor for the employed group, whereas perceived needs turned out as the strongest predictor for the unemployed group. Findings from the study may provide useful implications for the development of social work services and/or service delivery systems that are tailored to the different needs of immigrant women based on their positions within the labor market."

"ABSTRAKContemporary scholarship on Jamaican-born writer and poet Claude McKay, an influential figure of the Harlem Renaissance, seems to be unanimous in approaching his work through a lens of inter- or transnationalism. Thereby, mainly two aspects are often emphasized: First, his travelers life which he has documented in his autobiography A Long Way from Home, and second his political position, traceable in both his fictional and his non-fictional publications. This essay explores a third aspect of McKays transnationalism: his politics of culture and identity. Assuming that experiences and practices of groundedness and movement go along with an understanding of the self, I analyze McKays 1928 novel Home to Harlem and argue that the built-in paradox James Clifford calls dwelling-in-travel is not only evident in the novels politics of space, but can also be traced in its politics of gender relations and his representation of race."

"Indonesian women representation in parliament is indeed a dilemma that has lasted a long time. The number of members elected legislature since the 1995 election until the 2009 election has not even produce a legislative member of the women in large numbers."

"ABSTRAKMalaysias representation of women as parliamentarians remains one of the lowest in comparison to other Southeast Asian and global parliamentary democracies. However, when contextualized against Malaysias politics of divides and dissent starting from 1999 onward, there are some newer characteristics of womens involvement in formal politics. This paper explores the specificities of womens experience in formal politics under the one-party dominant rule of the National Front before it was defeated in the May 2018 general election. The paper questions various incidents of political transitioning from an old to a newer political regime. Processes such as the collaboration between womens civil society and formal state political actors, the cultivation of clientelist and patronage relations, and the maintenance of a cohesive multiparty coalition as a strategy for electoral advantage have all had fruitful bearings on the way the formalization of women in politics has developed. However, given the insufficiency of these developments for increasing womens representation, this paper proposes the more reliable gender quota or reserved seats mechanism as one of the considerations for gender electoral reform."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketidakseimbangan representasi gender dalam buku teks bahasa Inggris untuk pemelajar di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi representasi gender dalam buku teks bahasa Inggris, serta persepsi pembelajar dan pemelajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang memungkinkan peneliti mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih luas dan mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan model tiga dimensi CDA (Fairclough, 2015) sebagai kerangka analisis buku teks. Model ini terdiri dari tahap deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Analisis pada tahap deskripsi dilakukan dengan melihat empat aspek, yaitu jenis aktivitas, jenis peran sosial dan domestik, penggunaan kata ganti maskulin dan feminin, serta representasi visual laki-laki dan perempuan. Kemudian, hasil deskripsi diinterpretasikan dan dijabarkan kaitannya dengan konteks sosial yang lebih luas. Selain itu, wawancara semi terstruktur dengan pembelajar dilakukan untuk melihat pandangan mereka terkait representasi gender dalam buku teks. Selanjutnya, penyebaran kuesioner kepada pemelajar dilakukan untuk melihat kepekaan dan kesadaraan mereka terkait isu kesetaraan gender. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, masih terdapat kesenjangan terkait representasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam buku teks. Laki-laki cenderung lebih dominan ditampilkan dibandingkan perempuan. Perempuan masih ditempatkan pada stereotip tradisonal yang berlaku. Kedua, pembelajar menyadari adanya bias serta stereotip gender dalam buku teks yang mereka digunakan. Mereka merekomendasikan adanya perbaikan berkelanjutan terkait konten gender dalam buku teks. Ketiga, hasil kuesioner menunjukkan masih kurangnya tingkat kesadaran pemelajar terhadap isu kesetaraan gender. Beberapa rekomendasi berdasarkan temuan ditujukan kepada pemangku kebijakan bahasa dan penulis buku untuk membuat dan memublikasikan buku teks yang merepresentasikan kesetaraan gender. Selain itu, peran aktif pembelajar sebagai pengguna dan mediator buku teks juga harus ditingkatkan agar dapat membantu pemelajar menumbuhkan pemahaman serta kepekaan terhadap pentingnya kesetaraan gender.

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This research was motivated by a tendency of imbalanced gender representation in English language textbooks for students at Senior High Schools (SMA) in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate gender representation in English language textbooks, as well as teachers' and learners' perceptions. This research employed qualitative methods to gain a broader and deeper understanding about gender representation in textbooks. This research employed three-dimensional model of CDA (Fairclough, 2015) as the analytical framework to approach textbooks. This model consists of description, interpretation and explanation stages. Analysis at the description stage was carried out by looking at four aspects, namely types of activities, types of social and domestic roles, the use of masculine and feminine pronouns, and visual representations of male and female. Afterwards, the description results were interpreted and explained in relation to the broader social context. In addition, semi-structured interviews with teachers were conducted to examine their views regarding gender representation in textbooks. Subsequently, questionnaire distributions to students were carried out to assess their sensitivity and awareness regarding gender equality issues. The results in this study presented several important findings. Firstly, there is still a gap regarding the representation of men and women in textbooks. Male representation tends to be more dominant than female. Women are still placed in the prevailing traditional stereotypes. Secondly, the teachers are aware of bias and gender stereotypes in the textbooks they use. They recommended continued improvements regarding gender content in textbooks. Finally, the results of the questionnaire showed that there is still a lack of student awareness of gender equality issues. Several recommendations based on the findings are aimed at language policy makers and book authors to create and publish textbooks that represent gender equality. Apart from that, the active role of teachers as users and mediators of textbooks must also be increased in order to help students grow their understanding and sensitivity to the importance of gender equality."

"This comparative research focuses on how gender representation has changed over time in Disney films and looks at how temporal variations and narrative circumstances affect it. Furthermore, the study examines how the representation of male and female characters in "Wreck-It Ralph: Ralph Breaks the Internet" (2018) and "Cinderella" (2015) challenges or reinforces gender stereotypes. These films show women as strong and capable, in contrast to traditional portrayals that frequently show them as weak. This has an impact on the messages they convey about gender empowerment as a whole. As societal views on gender roles continue to evolve, this research attempts to offer insights into the changing landscape of gender representation in Disney animation and its implications for wider society conceptions of gender through qualitative analysis of the storylines, characterizations, and thematic components of the films.

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Penelitian komparatif ini berfokus pada bagaimana representasi gender telah berubah dari waktu ke waktu dalam film-film Disney dan melihat bagaimana variasi temporal dan keadaan naratif mempengaruhinya. Selain itu, studi ini mengkaji bagaimana representasi karakter laki-laki dan perempuan dalam "Wreck-It Ralph: Ralph Breaks the Internet" (2018) dan "Cinderella" (2015) menantang atau memperkuat stereotip gender. Film-film ini menunjukkan perempuan sebagai sosok yang kuat dan mampu, bertentangan dengan penggambaran tradisional yang sering menunjukkan mereka sebagai lemah. Hal ini mempengaruhi pesan keseluruhan yang mereka sampaikan tentang pemberdayaan gender. Seiring pandangan masyarakat tentang peran gender terus berkembang, penelitian ini mencoba menawarkan wawasan tentang perubahan lanskap representasi gender dalam animasi Disney dan implikasinya bagi konsepsi gender di masyarakat luas melalui analisis kualitatif dari alur cerita, karakterisasi, dan komponen tematik dari film-film tersebut."

"This paper uses a gender conceptual framework of the determinants of food security. Using three indicators, the paper tries to demonstrate the considerable influence of the status of woman relative to men to households food security in two different economic base groups of households. This research was conducted in the District of Mukomuko in Bengkulu Province. As many as 219 respondents were divided into two groups of households, namely 110 fishery and 109 paddy farmers, and were selected using simple random sampling. Multiple regression model was used to determine significant factors of households food security. Among the two different household groups and using a diet diversity as the household food security indicator, the fishery households group exposed relatively better food security status than that of paddy farmer households. The econometric analysis also showed that status of women relative to men was not significant to food security.Meanwhile, household economic base are important factors in determining households food security."