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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak tidak langsung gangguan kesehatan terhadap permintaan pangan dan non pangan rumah tangga. Dengan menggunakan data Susenas Panel tahun 2012 dan 2013 dan menerapkan two step heckman selection model untuk estimasi pendapatan dan seemingly unrelated regression estimator untuk estimasi konsumsi rumah tangga. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa gangguan kesehatan kepala rumah tangga akan menurunkan pendapatannya. Dampak ini akan lebih dirasakan oleh rumah tangga perempuan miskin dan bekerja di sektor pertanian. Penurunan pendapatan ini menyebabkan porsi pengeluaran konsumsi nonpangan menurun, khususnya untuk pengeluaran pemeliharaan perumahan, namun pengeluaran untuk perawatan tubuh justru meningkat. Sedangkan untuk porsi konsumsi pangan tidak terpengaruh.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the indirect effects of illhealth on household food and non- food demand. Using Susenas Panel data for 2012 and 2013 and applying a two-step heckman selection models for income estimation and seemingly unrelated regression estimators for household consumption estimation. The results show that illhealth of the head will reduce his income. The greater impact will be felt by poor women's households and whos working in agricultural. This decreasion make the share of non-food consumption to decline, especially for housing maintenance expenses, but expenditures for body care actually increased. But the portion of food consumption is not affected"

"Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga berhubungan dengan berbagai macam gangguan kesehatan seperti malnutrisi, stunting, overweight, obesitas, dan gangguan kesehatan mental. Indonesia adalah satu-satunya negara di dunia dengan prevalensi tinggi terhadap tiga jenis malnutrisi, wasting, stunting, and overweight. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari apakah terdapat perbedaan ketahanan pangan pada rumah tangga yang dikepalai laki-laki dan perempuan di Indonesia sepanjang kurun waktu 1993-2018. Data yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah data pooled-crossection yang berasal dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan Sensus Potensi Desa (Podes). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik multinomial. Rumah tangga yang dikepalai perempuan cenderung tidak lebih rawan pangan dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga yang dikepalai laki-laki. Faktor sosial ekonomi, keragaman konsumsi, bencana alam, akses infrastruktur, kewilayahan, dan tekanan ekonomi, secara statistik signifikan memengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga.

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Household food security correlates to a variety of health problems such as malnutrition, stunting, overweight, obesity, and mental health. Indonesia is the only country in the world with a high prevalence of three types of malnutrition wasting, stunting, and overweightThis study aims to analyze the food security of male and female-headed households in Indonesia during 1993-2018. This study uses a nationally representative survey in Indonesia, also known as Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) and Village Census (Potensi Desa). The analytical method uses multinomial logistic regression analysis. This study finds that female headed-household found to be more food secure than male at counterpart. Many socio-demographic variables, socio-economic, road infrastructure and economic shock have a significant association with food security status."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menurut karakteristik rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis multinomial logit, serta menentukan karakteristik rumah tangga yang perlu intervensi Raskin di Indonesia Tahun 2011. Hasil analisis deskriptif dan analisis multinomial logit menemukan bahwa rumah tangga lebih tahan pangan bila pendidikan kepala rumah tangga semakin tinggi, jumlah anggota rumah tangga kecil, pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga di non pertanian, pendapatan per kapita besar, dan daerah tempat tinggal di perkotaan. Raskin relatif tepat sasaran. Raskin sebaiknya diprioritaskan pada rumah tangga yang dikepalai perempuan, berpendidikan dasar, dan bekerja di pertanian maupun non pertanian. Rumah tangga di perdesaan memiliki probabilitas rawan pangan terbesar, sedangkan rumah tangga di perkotaan memiliki probabilitas tahan pangan terkecil. Karakteristik rumah tangga yang tidak berhak menerima Raskin adalah rumah tangga yang dikepalai laki-laki, berpendidikan tinggi, dan bekerja di pertanian maupun non pertanian.

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This study aims to analyze the food security of households by household characteristics in Indonesia with descriptive analysis and multinomial logit analysis, and determine the characteristics of households that need intervention of Raskin in Indonesia in 2011. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logit analysis found that households more food secure if the education of household head is higher, number of household members is smaller, the household head work in the non-agricultural, income per capita is larger, and the area where household live in urban areas. Raskin relatively on target. Raskin should be prioritized on womenheaded households, basic education, and and work in agriculture and nonagriculture. Households in rural areas have the largest probability of food insecurity, while urban households had the smallest probability of food security. Characteristics of households that are not eligible to receive Raskin are households headed by men, highly educated, and work in agriculture and nonagriculture."

"Permasalahan pangan menjadi isu prioritas dalam pembangunan nasional mengingat dampaknya dapat mempengaruhi kondisi ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga. Permasalahan pangan di periode krisis juga menjadi tantangan bagi masyarakat untuk mengakses kebutuhan pangan pokok dengan harga yang terjangkau. Salah satu cara mengatasi permasalahan pangan dan meningkatkan daya beli masyarakat adalah dengan memberikan bantuan pangan. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis pengaruh Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data cross section dari SUSENAS 2021 dengan sampel rumah tangga. Hasil analisis logistik biner menunjukkan bahwa BPNT berpengaruh positif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Dengan meningkatnya kesejahteraan rumah tangga secara keseluruhan melalui BPNT, pemerintah dapat mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan yang meliputi pencapaian SDGs, peningkatan kualitas manusia, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif, dan kesejahteraan yang merata di seluruh negara. Selain itu, faktor karakteristik rumah tangga lainnya yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga antara lain gender, usia, status perkawinan, pendidikan, status bekerja kepala rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, tempat tinggal, kepemilikan rumah, akses kredit, dan pengeluaran rumah tangga.

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Food security issues have become a priority in national development as their impact can affect both household food security and welfare. Accessing essential food items at affordable prices during times of crisis presents a challenge for communities. One way to address food security issues and improve the purchasing power of households is through the provision of non-cash food assistance. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program (BPNT) on household food security. The study utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2021 SUSENAS with a sample of households. The results of binary logistic regression analysis show that BPNT has a positive effect on household food security. By improving the overall welfare of households through BPNT, the government can achieve sustainable development goals, improve human quality, foster inclusive economic growth, and promote equitable well-being throughout the country. Additionally, other household characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, education, employment status of the household head, household size, place of residence, homeownership, access to credit, and household expenditure also influence household food security."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial demografi yangmempengaruhi pola permintaan pangan hewani (ikan, daging, unggas, telur dansusu) dan pengaruh perubahan harga dan pendapatan terhadap proporsipengeluaran pangan hewani pada rumah tangga di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Datayang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional(Susenas) tahun 2013 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 13.018 sampel rumahtangga. Metode analisis adalah analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrikamenggunakan model Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) denganpenduga Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwakonsumsi pangan hewani dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain,jumlah anggota rumah tangga, golongan pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal(perdesaan/ perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga. Nilaielastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan komoditas bersifat inelastisuntuk ikan dan susu, sementara daging, unggas dan telur bersifat elastis.Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas harga silang, semua komoditi pangan hewanimerupakan barang substitusi kecuali komoditi daging merupakan barangkomplementer bagi unggas. Komoditi ikan dan telur termasuk barang normalsedangkan komoditi daging, unggas dan susu termasuk barang mewah

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ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors affectinganimal-based food demand (fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy) and the effect ofprice fluctuation and household income to expenditure share of animal-based foodin South Sulawesi Province. The primary data for the study was NationalSocioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data in 2013. The study performed descriptiveanalysis and econometric analysis on 13.018 household samples. QuadraticAlmost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) models with Iterated Linear LeastSquare (ILLS) estimator was applied for the econometric analysis. The studyshowed demand pattern of animal-based household food was affected the price ofanimal-based food, the price of other commodities, number of household member,income class, residential area (urban/rural), and education level of the householdhead. The price elasticity of animal-based food showed inelastic for fish anddairy; whereas meat, poultry and egg were tended to be elastic. Based on thecross-price elasticity, all animal-based food commodities substituted each otherexcept for meat which was complimentary to poultry. Fish and egg werecategorized as necessity goods, as for meat, poultry and dairy are categorized asluxury goods."

"The rising food price has been signaling a crisis to food insecurity among the poor since the period of 2007/2008. The poor would be in a difficult situation to allocate the budget to meet the demand for food and nonfood in daily life as the real income changes. Food insecurity measured by Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) is a most recent broadened concept of food insecurity considering the existence of anxiety to food access. This research aims to evaluate the causal inference of food price exposure to the FIES both on simple sum namely raw score and Rasch scale, a corrected measure which assuming the same latent traits among the households. The estimation used is Pooled Ordinary Least Square through the multilevel observations and Panel Regression for regional-level data. The main finding of this research is that the rising food price significantly affected the FIES, consistently on the raw score and Rasch scale, specifically to the vulnerable households defined by the bottom 40 percent in terms of their expenditure. The rising food price also increased the proportion of severely food insecure households at the regional level. As the heterogeneous effect through islands is also evaluated, it's concluded that the highest effect of the rising food price to experiencing the anxiety of food insecurity belongs households located in Bali and the lowest effect belongs to households located in Java Island. Decomposing food price into rice and nonrice is solving the puzzle where and who belongs the worse effect should be. The rising rice price is affecting worse to the households in Sumatera and Papua, but on the contrary, the households in Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi were taking benefit amid the rising rice price. The result is also serving as a baseline in evaluating the impact of such an outbreak namely Covid-19 through the channel of compensating variations regarding food insecurity. "

"[Dengan menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) periodetahun 2000 dan 2007, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dariprogram subsidi beras untuk orang miskin (Raskin) terhadap kesehatan anakIndonesia. Indikator kesehatan yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalahtinggi dan berat badan anak yang telah dinormalisasi dengan umur masing-masinganak, atau dikenal dengan istilah height-for-age dan weight-for-age. Sebagaikontrol variable, penelitian ini juga menggunakan karakteristik anak, orang tua danrumah tangga. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah program Raskin berpengaruh positifterhadap tinggi badan anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin. Akantetapi, penelitian ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti tentang manfaat program Raskinterhadap berat badan anak. Hasil penting lainnya dari penelitian ini adalah, dalamjangka panjang, status gizi anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin tidakberbeda dengan mereka yang tidak menerima Raskin. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa manfaat dari program Raskin yang diberikan di masa lampau, tidak lagiberpengaruh pada kesehatan anak setelah tujuh tahun kemudian;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later., Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.]"

"Kerawanan pangan merupakan isu global dan pengentasannya ditetapkan dalam tujuan SDGs 2030 target 2.1 yaitu zero hunger dan mencapai ketahanan pangan bagi semua orang. Kerawanan pangan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan baik fisik, mental, sosial serta kualitas hidup secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akibat kekurangan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keterkaitan tingkat kerawanan pangan terhadap kesehatan balita menggunakan model regresi order logit dari data Susenas Maret 2021. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kerawanan pangan menurut tingkat keparahannya secara statistik signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap keluhan kesehatan balita. Imunisasi sebagai variabel kontrol penting juga secara statistik signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap keluhan kesehatan balita.

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Food insecurity is a global issue and set out in the 2030 SDGs target 2.1, zero hunger and food security for all people. Food insecurity can affect physical, mental, social health and quality of life directly or indirectly due to malnutrition. This study aims to identify the relationship between the level of food insecurity and child health with an ordered logit regression model using data of Susenas March 2021. The results showed that food insecurity according to the severity level statistically significant and positively related to child health. Immunization as an important control variable is also statistically significant and positively related to child health."

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"ABSTRACTThe recommendation and estimation of human energy and dietary requirement until today has been based only on the physiological needs of food nutrients. The fact that food is also an integral part of socialization process seemed to be ignored. In some communities beside having a social function, food is also used non-physiologically such as in religious ceremonies. It was hypothesized that for communities like Bali Island where food is used extensively for non-physiological purpose, such as in religious ceremonies, the present recommendation is still inadequate as--it failed to consider the food needed for that purpose. Furthermore it was believed that the quality and quantity of food used for that practice depends on the socio-economic status of the households.

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The general objectives of this study was to observe the non-physiological. usage of food in Balinese household, in order to calculate the total food requirement of households for both physiological and social needs and to obtain information on the religious and cultural background or explanation of the practice.

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The results of semi-structured interviews and observations on 60 households from two villages in Tabanan Districts, Bali, indicated that there were no statistically significant relationship between the quality and quantity of food used non-physiologically and the socio-economic status of the households. Based on the three alternate days 24-hour recall, it was calculated that the food used for' non-physiological purpose in terms of kcal amounted to 3.6 % of the total daily average energy intake of households in village Timpag and 4.1 % of households in Pandakbandung village. Based on observation, Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview with selected key informants it was estimated that in term of energy, the average daily usage of food for non-physiological purpose for the whole year, were more than 641 kcal which equals to more than 7.5 % of aver-age daily calorie intake of-the sample households."