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"Aktivitas pertambangan timah sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 1976 oleh PT Timah Tbk sehingga semakin sedikit sumber timah yang diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik mineralisasi timah primer di Parit Tiga, Kabupaten Bangka Barat, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu XRD, XRF, Petrografi, dan Mineragrafi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, daerah penelitian terdiri atas dua satuan geomorfologi yang meliputi Satuan Perbukitan Vulkanik dan Satuan Tailing Antropogenik. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi persebaran litologi di daerah penelitian, maka daerah penelitian memiliki dua satuan batuan, antara lain Satuan Granit Klabat Berbutir Halus dan Satuan Granit Klabat Berbutir Sedang-Kasar. Lalu, struktur yang berkembang di daerah penelitian adalah Sesar Mendatar Mengiri Turun dan sheeted vein/veinlet. Kemudian, alterasi yang berkembang di daerah penelitian terdiri dari empat fasies, yaitu Alterasi Kuarsa + Turmalin (104.2 ppm), Alterasi Kuarsa + Halosit + Klorit + Pirofilit (56.5 ppm), Alterasi Kuarsa + Illite (52.4 pm), dan Alterasi Kuarsa + Kaolinit + Klorit + Dickite (19.5 ppm). Endapan bijih yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian, yaitu kasiterit, hematit, dan pirit. Tipe endapan timah di daerah penelitian adalah greisen dan berada pada kontak antara batuan silikat dan batuan granit. Mineralisasi timah primer di daerah penelitian berkaitan dengan sesar, urat-urat, dan alterasi.

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Tin mining activities have been carried out since 1976 by PT Timah Tbk so that fewer sources of tin are known. This study aims to determine the characteristics of primary tin mineralization in Parit Tiga, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands. The methods which I used in this study are XRD, XRF, Petrography, and Mineragraphy. Based on the results of the analysis that had been done, the study area consists of two geomorphological units which include the Volcanic Hills Unit and the Anthropogenic Tailings Unit. Based on the interpretation of lithology distribution in the study area, there are two rock units, which are the Fine-Grained Granite Klabat Unit and the Medium-Coarse Grained Granite Klabat Unit. Then, the structure developed in the study area is a Left Normal Slip Fault and sheeted vein/veinlet. Then, alterations developed in the study area consist of four facies, which are Quartz + Tourmaline Alteration (104.2 ppm), Quartz + Halloysite + Chlorite + Pyrophillic Alteration (56.5 ppm), Quartz + Illite Alteration (52.4 pm), and Quartz + Kaolinite + Chlorite + Dickite Alteration (19.5 ppm). The type of primary tin mineralization in the study area is the filling of sheeted veins in tourmaline and quartz minerals. Ore deposits that were found in the study area consisted of cassiterite, hematite, and pyrite. The type of deposit in the study area was greisen and located in contact between silicate rocks and granite rocks. Primary tin mineralization in the study area was related to fracture, veins, and alteration."

"This dissertation discusses about the tin mining in Bangka community in Penagan village, Province of Bangka-Belitung Islands, particularly on relations of strength in the activity structure of tin mining performed by the miners (individuals or groups) in organizing the control, exploitation, management and distribution of the resources in the area. Tin mining activities performed by Bangka people in Penagan is called TI forming inseparable part of Bangka people life. In these activities, the miners are connected in the context of relation of power based on the strength of each miner. The relation of strength and powers is not only demonstrated by the statue and role between Boss and subordinates in TI activities but also among TI with other miners interested in tin resources.In this dissertation, i will show the relation of power in the social structure being the function of mutual relations of strength among the miners based on the capabilities and capacity of each miner in such structure. The powers of each miner includes capital and symbols of relaionship regularly reproduced to strengthen the existing relation. Mutual relation is functionally empowered by the miners to maximize the economic benefit from available resources in the walks of life of the ccommunity. Tin mining structure is a siymbiotic and mutual cooperation network (mutual and profit exchange) primarily among the miners based on economic benefit of tin resource, where the fund will then become collective standard of the miners and business groups. The strength held by each miner in the context of tin resources control and tin mining activities indicate no dualism of the strength of the miner binding of free. In term of mining context, the existing strength is independent or binding. There is no miner who can directly control by the power it owns in tin mining activities. This is attributable to the fact that tin, as a resource in social system of tin mining is considered as collective resources.Research methodology used in this dissertation is qualitative research method with observation technique and in-depth interview. Specifically, it uses ethnography method resulth in deep and holistic examination on tin mining performed by Bangka community in Penagan. The period of data collection began from the early 2005 until August 2006. I use the approach referring to the relations of power and strength among the miners in the tin mining structure which includes control, management and organizing of tin resources. The relation of powers among the miners is based upon the strength of the miners to influence and or to control other miners."

"Kota Muntok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat merupakan salah satu pusat pertambangan timah di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Timbal (Pb) adalah salah satu logam berat yang terkandung dalam limbah pertambangan dan ditemukan sebagai logam berat yang paling dominan, dengan jumlah yang terus meningkat dan melebihi ambang batas di beberapa perairan Bangka Belitung. Mikroalga yang hidup pada lokasi pertambangan harus dapat beradaptasi dengan konsentrasi timbal yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas remediasi dan menganalisis profil metabolit isolat mikroalga yang diisolasi dari sekitar wilayah pertambangan timah Kota Muntok akibat berbagai konsentrasi timbal. Sampel dikumpulkan dari perairan tawar di sekitar wilayah pertambangan timah Kota Muntok. Isolat diisolasi dan dikultur menggunakan Bold Basal Medium (BBM). Konsentrasi pengujian timbal yaitu, 0, 10, 100, dan 200 ppm. Pengujian efektivitas remediasi timbal dihitung berdasarkan perbedaan konsentrasi timbal awal dan akhir pada medium uji menggunakan Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolit diidentifikasi menggunakan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC- MS). Data metabolit dianalisis menggunakan analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian efektivitas remediasi timbal menunjukkan isolat mikroalga mampu menyerap timbal mencapai 83%. Analisis profil metabolomik menunjukkan pemberian timbal berpengaruh terhadap komposisi seskuiterpenoid, lipid, dan karbohidrat.

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Muntok Subdistrict, West Bangka Regency, is one of tin mining center in Bangka Belitung Province. Lead was discovered to be the most common heavy metal in the water around tin mining sites, with concentrations increasing year after year and eventually exceeding the threshold. Microalgae found in tin mining sites should be able to adapt to high concentrations of lead. The objectives of this research were to measure remediation effectivity and analyses the metabolite profile of microalgae isolated from tin mining sites in Muntok Subdistrict due to various lead concentrations. Samples were collected from freshwater around tin mining sites in Muntok Subdistrict. The isolate was isolated and cultured using Bold Basal Medium (BBM). Lead test concentrations were 0, 10, 100, and 200 ppm. The remediation effectivity was measured by the difference in lead concentrations between the initial and final in growth medium counted using Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metabolites were identified using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The metabolites data were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The result showed microalgae isolate can remove 83% of lead, and the metabolomic profile revealed that different lead concentrations affected the composition of sesquiterpenoid, lipid, and carbohydrate content."

"Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung terdapat banyak aktivitas pertambangan timah setiap tahun yang menghasilkan kolam- kolam air bekas pertambangan timah atau “kolong” yang tersebar dan terus bertambah banyak. Namun, penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan air kolong pertambangan timah belum tersedia, sehingga kajian pemanfaatan air kolong perlu dilakukan. Air kolong diidentifikasi tahun 2015 dan 2023 di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah berdasarkan Sentinel-1 SAR melalui GEE. Empat puluh sampel air kolong diuji kualitas air di lapangan. Penentuan prioritas pemanfaatan air kolong menggunakan AHP dan MCA berdasarkan luas air kolong, kualitas air kolong, jarak dari permukiman, jarak dari fasilitas umum, dan jarak dari pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas kolong terkecil terdeteksi dua hektare. Jumlah air kolong di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah tahun 2015 dan 2023 masing-masing sebanyak 114 dan 137 air kolong. Lebih dari 35 persen kolong memiliki luas lebih dari 5 hektare. Total luas kolong tahun 2015 tercatat 2005 hektare dan tahun 2023 meningkat menjadi 2215 hektare. Kedua, pH dari tiga sampel air kolong 11, 15, dan 40 memenuhi standar kualitas air bersih. Hampir seluruh sampel air kolong di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah rendah dan memiliki nilai pH sebesar 3 – 6,49. Dua sampel air kolong 14 dan 18 rendah dan memiliki nilai oksigen terlarut sebesar 3,3 dan 1,2 mg/L. Ketiga, para pakar mempertimbangkan kualitas air kolong lebih penting daripada variabel lainnya. Kawasan prioritas pemanfaatan air kolong di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah yang sangat sesuai sebesar 1209 hektare menjadi pertimbangan perencanaan pemanfaatan air kolong untuk memenuhi keperluan air bersih masyarakat.

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Tin mining activities in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province produce ex-tin mining ponds or "Kolong". It is scattered and increases yearly. Kolong usage research is not provided, hence the research needs to be fulfilled. Kolong was identified in 2015 and 2023 in Bangka Tengah Regency based on Sentinel-1 SAR through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Forty water samples for water quality were measured in the field. Determining priorities for kolong usage uses AHP and MCA based on the kolong area, water quality in kolong, settlements distance, public facilities distance, and agriculture distance. The research results show the smallest pond detected was 2 hectares. The number of kolong in Bangka Tengah Regency in 2015 and 2023 are 114 and 137 kolong. More than 35 percent of ponds have areas of more than 5 hectares. The total area of the pond in 2015 was identified at 2005 hectares and 2215 hectares in 2023. Second, the pH of three water samples (11, 15, and 40) are clean water quality standards. Almost all water samples in Bangka Tengah Regency have pH in low (3 – 6.49). The DO of two water samples (14 and 18) is not high (3.3 and 1.2 mg/L). Third, the experts consider that water quality in Kolong is more important than other variables. The priority area for kolong usage in Bangka Tengah Regency is very suitable at 1209 hectares, which is the consideration for planning the kolong usage for the society."

"Pengelolaan Timah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung, khususnya Pulau Bangka telah dilakukan sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. Pengelolaan timah ini telah menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan. Permasalahan tersebut yang akan dibahas di dalam skripsi ini, terkait dengan dampak lingkungan hidup yang ditimbulkan oleh tambang timah inkonvensional, pengaturan di Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai tambang inkonvensional, dan kebijakan yang dapat mengoptimalkan ketentuan mengenai timah yang telah ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis-normatif. Dapat diambil kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa tambang timah, khususnya tambang inkonvensional telah menimbulkan berbagai dampak di Pulau Bangka, baik itu dampak pada aspek ekonomi, sosial-budaya dan terutama lingkungan hidup di mana banyak terjadi pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan. Pengaturan mengenai timah di Indonesia masuk ke dalam pengaturan minerba, dalam tataran konstitusi, peraturan perundang-undangan, peraturan pelaksana dan pedoman teknis serta peraturan daerah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah dapat menggunakan izin pertambangan rakyat, beserta ketentuan lanjutannya untuk mengatasi akar permasalahan tambang inkonvensional. Instrumen lingkungan hidup dan kaidah teknik pertambangan yang baik dapat digunakan juga untuk mendukung kebijakan tersebut. Pengaturan terkait smelter dan pemegang IUP serta penegakan hukum digunakan juga untuk memaksimalkan pengawasan dan penertiban tambang inkonvensional serta sebagai langkah untuk mengakui tambang inkonvensional secara hukum. Agar kebijakan-kebijakan dapat diterapkan pemerintah harus mempercepat pembentukan Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat di Bangka-Belitung sebagai dasar pemberian izin pertambangan rakyat, yang merupakan kunci dari kebijakan tersebut. Selain itu, diperlukan pembaharuan pada tingkat peraturan daerah untuk menyesuaikan pada kebutuhan masyarakat terkait penambangan yang semakin berkembang saat ini.

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Tin management in the Bangka-Belitung Archipelago Province, especially Bangka Island, has been carried out for centuries. Tin management raises various problems. These problems will be discussed in this thesis, related to the environmental impacts caused by unconventional tin mining, regulations in Indonesia governing unconventional mining, and policies that can optimize existing provisions regarding tin. The method used in this research is juridical-normative. From this research, it can be concluded that tin mining, especially unconventional mining, has caused various impacts on Bangka Island, both the impact on economic, social, and cultural aspects and especially the environmental aspects where there is a lot of pollution and environmental damage. Regulations regarding tin in Indonesia are included in mineral and coal regulations, at the constitutional level, statutory regulations, implementing regulations, and technical guidelines as well as regional regulations. To overcome these problems, the government can use people's mining permits, along with further provisions to address the root causes of unconventional mining. Environmental instruments and good mining engineering principles can also be used to support this policy. Arrangements related to smelters and IUP holders as well as law enforcement are also used to maximize supervision and control of unconventional mines and as a step to legally recognize unconventional mines. For this policy to be implemented, the government must accelerate the formation of the People's Mining Area in Bangka-Belitung as the basis for granting people's mining permits, which is the key to this policy. In addition, an update is needed at the regional regulation level to adapt to current developments in community needs related to mining."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas dampak kebijakan ekspor timah di Kabupaten Bangka Barat, dengan melakukan studi terhadap Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 32 Tahun 2013. Permasalahannya, setelah kebijakan diimplementasikan, masyarakat penambang tidak dapat menjual bijih timahnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini kebijakan ekspor timah di Kabupaten Bangka Barat berdampak pada tiga komponen, yakni pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat. Bagi pemerintah daerah, kebijakan ini berdampak pada penurunan pendapatan. Bagi pihak swasta, yakni smelter timah dampaknya adalah tak dapat mengekspor timah secara langsung, karena harus melalui Bursa Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia (BKDI). Bagi masyarakat penambang, berdampak pada tidak dibelinya bijih timah oleh smelter.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the impact of policy of tin export West Bangka Regency, through Regulation of Ministry of Trade No. 32 Year 2013. Its problem is after the policy is implemented, miners cannot sell their tin ore. This research used a qualitative approach. The results of this research has impact on three components, namely the government, private, and community. For local government, this policy resulted the decreasing of income. For private, namely the tin smelter, they can not export tin directly, because it must pass through Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (ICDX). For the miners, the impact is the tin ore cannot bought by smelter."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang bagaimana regulasi penambangan yang ada diKabupaten Bangka Selatan Propinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dihubungkandengan tingkat kerentanan sosial dan sumber penghidupan masyarakat. Thesis iniingin melihat gambaran kerentanan (Vulnerability) dan Sumber Penghidupan(Livelihood). Sampel diambil sebanyak 387 responden di wilayah Bangka Selatandengan menyebar kuesioner dan menggunakan metode simple random samplinguntuk responden menggunakan analisis bivariat untuk melihat signifikansi level danpearson correlation dengan menggunakan bantuan software. Hasilnya adalahadanya Kerentanan (Vulnerability) dan Sumber Penghidupan (Livelihood)masyarakat sekitar lahan pertambangan timah di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan.

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This thesis discusses how existing mining regulation in South Bangka Bangka

Belitung province associated with the level of social vulnerability and livelihoods.

This thesis would like to see a picture of vulnerability (Vulnerability) and

Livelihoods (Livelihoods). Samples were taken as many as 387 respondents in the

South Pacific region by spreading the questionnaire and using simple random

sampling method to respondents using bivariate analysis to look at the significance

level and Pearson correlation using statistical software. The result is the existence

of Vulnerability (Vulnerability) and Livelihoods (Livelihoods) surrounding

communities tin mining land in South Bangka Regency."

"Kolong adalah badan air berupa danau-danau kecil yang terbentuk akibat galian dari aktivitas penambangan timah di Pulau Bangka. Bentuk secara fisik seperti tidak adanya inlet dan outlet, umur, sumber air, dan jenis mineral dominan dari material geologi area penambangan mempengaruhi kondisi limnologis suatu kolong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik limnologis beberapa kolong bekas tambang timah. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa kolong bekas tambang dengan kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Kedalaman kolong dari 3 m sampai dengan 15 m yang paling dalam. Kolong mempunyai kisaran pH (2,8 - 7,3); DO (3,46 - 8,74 mg/L); dan Konduktivitas (0,01 - 6,38 mS/cm). Oksigen terlarut pada air dasar beberapa kolong < 1 mg/L. Kandungan logam pada kolong yang pH airnya < 3 mempunyai kandungan logam seperti Pb, Fe, Al, dan Zn yang tinggi melebihi baku mutu air bersih. Kandungan beberapa parameter lainnya di air kolong seperti sulfat berkisar antara 3 - 2162 mg/L, TN 0,3 - 5.4 mg/L, dan TP 0,02 - 17,25 mg/L. Jenis plankton yang dominan ditemukan di kolong yang mengandung TN/TP tinggi adalah jenis Trachellomonas dan Mycrocystis yang merupakan jenis plankton yang menjadi indikator bahwa suatu perairan telah tercemar senyawa organik. Pengembangan pemanfaatan kolong yang berpotensi harus berdasarkan pada kondisi limnologis uniuk menjaga kesinambungan kualitas air kolong."