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"ABSTRACTAgen (patogen) yang ditemukan di nila tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) adalah umumnya disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram-negatif bernama Aeromonas hydrophila dan GrampositiveBakteri bernama Streptococcus agalactiae, keduanya menyebabkan penyakit wabah. Kedua jenis bakteri tersebut adalah penyebab penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) dan Streptococcosis yang dapat menyebabkan kematian tinggi dan menurun kualitas produk perikanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji imunogenik potensi kemanjuran vaksin polivalen dari S. agalactiae dan A. hydrophila secara oral aplikasi melalui pakan pada budidaya nila nila, O. niloticus. Dua tahap ini penelitian dirancang untuk membantu membuat keputusan. Yang pertama, menganalisis kekebalan tubuh respons terhadap campuran A.hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) dan S.agalactiae (non-hemolitik dan sel-sel antigen hemolitik) sebagai ukuran keberhasilan vaksinasi nil nila dengan vaksin polyvalent. Analisis respons imun pada bakterisida serum aktivitas dapat digunakan sebagai komponen untuk melihat viabilitas patogen dalam inang yang ditunjukkan oleh titer antibodi nila nila. Yang kedua, menganalisis persentase kelangsungan hidup relatif (RPS) nilai pasca-vaksinasi dengan antigen campuran dari A. hydrophila dan S. Bakteri agalactiae untuk melihat keawetan nila tilapia pada MAS dan Streptococcosis penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan titer antibodi kelompok vaksinasi pada minggu pertama sampai minggu kelima secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari kontrol (P <0,05) setelah ditantang dengan S. agalactiae (non-hemolitik), sedangkan nilai-nilai RPS vaksin adalah pengobatan polivalen B dan pengobatan C campuran seluruh sel S. agalactiae (non-hemolitik dan hemolitik) dan A. hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) mencapai lebih rendah daripada nilai referensi RPS (> 50%) dalam uji tantangan infeksi tunggal.

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ABSTRACTThe agent (pathogen) found in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) is commonly caused by Gram-negative bacteria called Aeromonas hydrophila and GrampositiveBacteria called Streptococcus agalactiae, both of which cause plague. Both types of bacteria are the cause of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) and Streptococcosis which can cause high mortality and decrease the quality of fishery products. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunogenic potential efficacy of polyvalent vaccines from S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila orally by application through feed in the cultivation of tilapia, O. niloticus. These two stages of research are designed to help make decisions. The first is analyzing the body's response to a mixture of A.hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) and S.agalactiae (non-hemolytic and hemolytic antigen cells) as a measure of the success of tilapia vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine. Analysis of immune responses to serum bactericidal activity can be used as a component to see the viability of pathogens in the host shown by tilapia tilapia antibodies. Second, analyze the percentage of relative survival (RPS) of post-vaccination values ​​with mixed antigens from A. hydrophila and S. Bacterial agalactiae to see the durability of tilapia in MAS and Streptococcosis. The results showed the vaccination group antibody titers in the first week to the fifth week were significantly higher than controls (P <0.05) after being challenged with S. agalactiae (non-hemolytic), while the RPS vaccine values ​​were polyvalent B treatment and treatment C mixture of all S. agalactiae cells (non-hemolytic and hemolytic) and A. hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) reached lower than the RPS reference value (> 50%) in a single infection challenge test"

"Waduk Ria Rio merupakan perairan tawar di Jakarta Timur yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat setempat untuk menangkap ikan. Jenis ikan yang paling sering ditangkap adalah ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasio kelamin, tingkat dan indeks kematangan gonad, fekunditas, dan diameter telur ikan nila di Waduk Ria Rio. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2023. Metode purposive sampling digunakan di sembilan stasiun untuk pengambilan sampel air, sedangkan pengambilan sampel ikan berdasarkan lokasi ikan sering ditemukan menggunakan jala tebar. Pengukuran panjang dan penimbangan berat ikan dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan. Gonad diawetkan dalam alkohol 70% dan diamati di Laboratorium Ekologi Departemen Biologi FMIPA UI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio kelamin jantan dan betina ikan nila tidak seimbang dengan perbandingan 1 : 2,04 yang didominasi oleh betina. Ikan nila betina yang diperoleh sebanyak 49 ekor, sedangkan ikan jantan sebanyak 24 ekor. Tingkat kematangan gonad bervariasi yang menunjukkan ikan nila dapat memijah sepanjang tahun. Ikan nila yang didapatkan sedang memasuki masa pemijahan dilihat dari banyaknya jumlah ikan yang telah matang gonad (TKG III dan IV). Nilai indeks kematangan gonad kurang dari 20% dengan kisaran 0,01—3,78%. Fekunditas ikan nila berkisar 258—1190 butir. Ukuran diameter panjang telur berkisar 0,86—2,75 mm dan diameter lebar telur berkisar 0,64—2,39 mm. Berdasarkan sebaran diameter telur, diketahui ikan nila memiliki pola pemijahan partial spawner.

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Ria Rio Reservoir is a freshwater ecosystem in East Jakarta that is used by local people to catch fish. The most commonly caught fish is nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The aims of this research were to determine sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, gonadal-somatic index, fecundity, and egg diameter of nile tilapia in Ria Rio Reservoir. Sampling was carried out in February 2023. Purposive sampling method was used in nine stations for water sampling, while fish sampling based on fish location is often found using cast net. Measurement of the length and weighing of fish is carried out in the field. The gonads were preserved in 70% alcohol and observed in the Ecology Laboratory of Departement of Biology FMIPA UI. The results showed that sex ratio of male and female was unbalanced with a ratio of 1 : 2,04 and was dominated by females. The female caught were 49 fish, while the male were 24 fish. Gonad maturity stage was varies, indicating that nile tilapia can spawn throughout the year. The nile tilapia obtained was entering the spawning period seen from the large number of fish that have matured (stage III and IV). Gonadal-somatic index was less than 20% with a ranged of 0,01—3,78%. Fecundity of fish ranged from 258—1190 eggs. Egg length diameter ranged from 0,86—2,75 mm and egg width diameter ranged from 0,64—2,39 mm. Based on distribution of egg diameter, nile tilapia is a partial spawner."

"Waduk Ria Rio, Jakarta Timur merupakan perairan yang berbatasan langsung dengan wilayah perkotaan. Aktivitas memancing merupakan kegiatan yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat dan sebagian besar hasil tangkapan adalah ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Aktitivitas tersebut tentu membutuhkan manajemen pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang-berat, faktor kondisi, dan kelimpahan ikan nila menggunakan metode Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) sehingga informasi tersebut dapat dijadikan dasar pertimbangan dalam kebijakan pengembangan Waduk Ria Rio. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2023. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel air, sementara itu pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan jala tebar sesuai dengan daerah sering ditemukannya ikan. Parameter fisikia dan kimia yang diukur terdiri dari suhu, kecerahan, turbiditas, pH, dan DO. Total jumlah sampel ikan yaitu 144 ekor yang terdiri dari 100 ekor betina dan 44 ekor jantan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah ikan yang sering tertangkap memiliki panjang 12—16 cm, terdiri dari 18 ekor jantan dan 34 ekor betina. Berat tubuh ikan yang sering tertangkap adalah 30—61 g, terdiri dari 25 ekor jantan dan 58 ekor betina. Kelimpahan ikan nila secara umum relatif tinggi dengan total hasil tangkapan sebesar 24 ekor/jam. Analisis hubungan panjang dan berat menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometrik positif. Nilai faktor kondisi Fulton sebesar 1,7 dan faktor kondisi relatif sebesar 200. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan nilai suhu, pH, dan DO masih berada dalam batas toleransi atau normal. Nilai kecerahan dan turbiditas tidak sesuai batas toleransi yang ada. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ikan nila di Waduk Ria Rio memiliki kelimpahan yang relatif tinggi tetapi belum layak untuk ditangkap karena masuk ke dalam kategori juvenil atau masih berumur muda berdasarkan panjang dan beratnya.

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Waduk Ria Rio, East Jakarta is a reservoir that is directly adjacent to the urban areas. Fishing is an activity that is often carried out by the local community and most of the catch is nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This activity prompted the need for fish resource management. This study aims to determine the length-weight relationship, condition factors, and tilapia abundance using the Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) method so that the information can be used as a basis for consideration in the development policy of the Rio Ria Reservoir. The study was conducted in February 2023. The purposive sampling method is used for water sampling, while fish sampling is carried out using cast nets according to the area where fish are often found. Physical and chemical parameters measured consist of temperature, brightness, turbidity, pH, and DO. The total number of nile tilapia samples was 144, consisting of 100 females and 44 males. The results showed that nile tilapia that were often caught had a length of 12—16 cm, consisting of 18 males and 34 females. The body weight that is often caught is 30—61 g, consisting of 25 males and 58 females. The abundance of nile tilapia is relatively high with a total catch of 24 fish/hour. Analysis of the length-weight relationship showed a positive allometric growth pattern. A Fulton condition factor value of 1,7 and a relative condition factor of 200 were gained. The result of water quality measurements showed temperature, pH, and DO values are still within a tolerable range. Brightness and turbidity do not match the existing tolerable range. This study concludes that nile tilapia in Ria Rio Reservoir has a relatively high abundance but is not yet suitable for catching because most of the fish are still in the juvenile category based on their length and weight."

"Gen tilapia Growth Hormone (tiGH) merupakan gen pengkode hormon pertumbuhan dari ikan nila yang berperan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Penelitian bertujuan melakukan kloning dan ekspresi gen tiGH untuk memproduksi protein rekombinan hormon pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian meliputi tahapan isolasi gen tiGH dari pMBA_tiGH, ligasi ke dalam pETBlue-2, serta transformasi vektor rekombinan ke dalam sel inang dengan menggunakan elektroporasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vektor rekombinan dapat ditransformasi ke dalam sel inang E. coli BL2 dengan efisiensi transformasi 1,12x103 cfu/μg. Ekspresi gen tiGH dilakukan menggunakan induksi IPTG 0,4 mM dan dipurifikasi menjadi protein rekombinan growth hormone dengan berat molekul sebesar 22 kDa.

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Tilapia growth hormone gene (tiGH) is a gene encoding growth hormone from the tilapia whose folr is to increase the growth. The research objective is to do cloning and expression tiGH gene to produce growth hormone recombinant proteins of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Stages of research include isolation tiGH gene from pMBA_tiGH, ligation into pETBlue-2, and the transformation recombinant vector into host cells by using electroporation.

The result showed that recombinant vectors have been successfully transformed into the host cell E.coli BL21with transformation efficiency reached 1.12 x103 cfu/μg. Expression tiGH gene performed using 0.4 mM IPTG induction and purified recombinant protein growth hormone with a molecular weight of 22 kDa."

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Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang terdegradasi di lingkungan dengan ukuran < 5 mm. Kandungan mikroplastik di perairan tawar berpotensi membahayakan kelangsungan hidup biota di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus,1758) di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Insang dan saluran pencernaan (lambung dan usus) dari 10 sampel ikan nila diekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO₃) 65%. Sampel yang telah diekstraksi kemudian diberi larutan NaCl jenuh agar mikroplastik mengapung ke permukaan. Sampel diteteskan sebanyak 1 ml pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop dan dihitung jumlah mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk partikelnya. Hasil penelitian terdapat kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel insang, lambung, dan usus ikan nila diantaranya bentuk fiber, film, fragmen, dan granula. Total kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik di insang sebanyak 4.135 ± 3.297,20 partikel/ind, di lambung sebanyak 2.772 ± 1.030,43 partikel/ind, dan di usus sebanyak 3.598 ± 1.582,18 partikel/ind ditemukan pada ikan nila. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan dominan pada ikan nila terdapat bentuk fiber sebesar 57,85% di insang; 53,21% di lambung dan 53,06% di usus.

 

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Microplastics are plastic particles that degrade in the environment with a size of <5 mm. The content of microplastics in freshwater has the potential to endanger the survival of the biota in it. This study aims to analyze the abundance and percentage composition of microplastic forms in the gills and digestive tract of Nile Tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. The gills and digestive tract (stomach and intestines) of 10 samples of nile tilapia fish were extracted and crushed using a 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. The extracted sample is then given a saturated NaCl solution so that the microplastic floats to the surface. The sample was dropped as much as 1 ml into the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then observed under a microscope and the number of microplastics was calculated based on the shape of the particles. The results showed an abundance of microplastics in the samples of gill, stomach, and intestines of tilapia including the form of fiber, film, fragments, and granules. The total abundance of microplastics in the gills was 4.135 ± 3.297,20 particles / ind, 2.772 ± 1.030,43 particles / ind in the stomach, and 3.598 ± 1.582,18 particles / ind in the intestine, which was found in tilapia. The percentage composition of the microplastic form that was found predominantly in tilapia contained a fiber form of 57,85% in the gills; 53,21% in the stomach and 53,06% in the intestine.

 

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"This research evaluated a method involving provision of a concoction of Boesenbergia pandurata, Solanum ferox dan Zingimber zerumbet extracts for pathogen prevention in tilapia. The concentration of each extract was 600 ppm of Boesenbergia pandurata/BP, 900 ppm of Solanum ferox/SF and 200 ppm of Zingimber zerumbet/ZZ. The examination was performed by issuing two combinations of extracts (SF:BP, SF:ZZ) against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens (105 CFUmL-1). Preventive trials were carried out by providing a concoction of extracts through intraperitoneal injection (0.1 mL/fish) in tilapia (15±2 g) and the immersion method was performed by bathing the fish in the extracts for 20 minutes, with pathogen challenging during the following 24 h being carried out. The composition of the used extract was by SF60:ZZ40; SF50:ZZ50; BP90:SF10; BP50:SF50; and fish without being given the extract. Haematology and immunology parameters were observed at the 4th week after challanges with pathogenic bacteria. The number of white blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to controls without extract, with a similar increase observed for red blood cell (RBCs), but heamatocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values did not significantly increase compared to control. Phagocytic index, respiratory burst and lysozyme activities also experienced a significant increase in fish fed with combined extracts compared to controls. The numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the body of the fish given extract were also lower than the control and significantly different at the 4th week. The results of this study indicate that giving combined extracts of SF50:ZZ50 and BP90:SF10 provides the best protection (RPS) against infection of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescent by injection of 100%. This study indicates that providing combined extracts by injection and immersion in the ratio of SF50:ZZ50 has a positive effect in increasing the non-specific immune system of tilapia and increasing protection against bacterial infections."

"[ABSTRAKAeromonas hydrophila merupakan foodborne dan waterborne patogen, yang banyakditemukan pada lingkungan perairan. Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi manusia, hewanteresterial dan hewan air seperti ikan mas, Infeksi A. hydrophila dapat mengakibatkankomplikasi gastrointestinal dan non-gastrointestinal pada manusia dengan penularanterjadi secara oral maupun luka yang terinfeksi bakteri. Sedangkan infeksi A.hydrophila pada ikan mas dapat menjadi sumber penularan ke manusia danmengakibatkan kematian ikan mas budidaya yang berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi.Hingga saat ini informasi mengenai infeksi A. hydrophila pada manusia masih jarangdilaporkan. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena hingga saat ini metode diagnosa antibodianti A. hydrophila belum banyak berkembang, sedangkan uji kekebalan penting bagiskrining, diagnosa banding dan uji konfirmasi terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila. Untukitu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ELISA dan uji deteksicepat berdasarkan modifikasi ELISA menggunakan imunostik untuk mendeteksiantibodi anti A. hydrophila. Sebagai hewan uji digunakan enam ekor kelinci (NewZeland White) dan enam ekor ikan mas (Cyprinid carpio) yang diimunisasi denganantigen sel utuh bakteri A. hydrophila yang diiaktivasi dengan formalin 0,3%.Imunisasi pada ikan mas dilakukan secara intraperitoneal, diulang satu minggu setelahimunisasi pertama, sedangkan imunisasi pada kelinci dilakukan satu kali denganemulsi antigen dan Freund?s complete adjuvant kemudian dilanjutkan dengan dua kalibooster menggunakan emulsi antigen dan Freund?s incomplete adjuvant. Koleksiserum hewan uji dilakukan setiap minggu hingga minggu ke-6 dari koleksi serumpertama. Hasil optimasi terhadap uji ELISA menunjukkan bahwa uji ELISA yangdikembangkan mampu mendeteksi antibodi anti A. hyrophila, demikian pula denganimunostik yang dirakit mampu memdeteksi antibodi anti A. hyrophila pada serum ikanmas dan kelinci.

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ABSTRACTAeromonas hydrophila is foodborne and waterborne pathogens. The bacteria thatoccur ubiquitously and autochthonously in aquatic environments. These bacteria caninfect humans, animals terrestrial and aquatic animals such as goldfish, infection of A.hydrophila can lead to complications of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinalinfection in humans and transmitted by oral and infected wounds contamination. Theinfected carp with A. hydrophila is a source of transmission to humans, resulting in thedeath of farmed fish that have an impact on economic disadvantage. Till now there arelacking information of A. hydrophila infection in humans reported. This can be occurbecause to the current diagnostic methods antibodi A. hydrophila undeveloped, whilethe immunity test is important for screening, differential diagnosis and confirmationtest of A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, the aims of this research is to developELISA methods and rapid detection test based on the modified ELISA usingimunostick to detect antibodies against A. hydrophila. For animals models, 6 rabbits(New Zeland White) and 6 carp (Cyprinid carpio) were immunized with whole cellantigen A. hydrophila bacteria which inactivated using 0.3% formalidehide. Carpimmunized intraperitoneally with antigen, and repeated one week after the firstimmunization, whereas immunization in rabbits done once with antigen emulsion andFreund's complete adjuvant followed by two booster using emulsion of antigen andFreund's incomplete adjuvant. Collection of animal serum done every week, till thesixth week from the first serum collection. The results of the optimization of theELISA test showed that the developed ELISA test is able to detect antibodies againstA. hyrophila, as well as the assembled imunostik capable to detect antibodies againstA. hyrophila both in carp and rabbit serum respectively, Aeromonas hydrophila is foodborne and waterborne pathogens. The bacteria thatoccur ubiquitously and autochthonously in aquatic environments. These bacteria caninfect humans, animals terrestrial and aquatic animals such as goldfish, infection of A.hydrophila can lead to complications of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinalinfection in humans and transmitted by oral and infected wounds contamination. Theinfected carp with A. hydrophila is a source of transmission to humans, resulting in thedeath of farmed fish that have an impact on economic disadvantage. Till now there arelacking information of A. hydrophila infection in humans reported. This can be occurbecause to the current diagnostic methods antibodi A. hydrophila undeveloped, whilethe immunity test is important for screening, differential diagnosis and confirmationtest of A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, the aims of this research is to developELISA methods and rapid detection test based on the modified ELISA usingimunostick to detect antibodies against A. hydrophila. For animals models, 6 rabbits(New Zeland White) and 6 carp (Cyprinid carpio) were immunized with whole cellantigen A. hydrophila bacteria which inactivated using 0.3% formalidehide. Carpimmunized intraperitoneally with antigen, and repeated one week after the firstimmunization, whereas immunization in rabbits done once with antigen emulsion andFreund's complete adjuvant followed by two booster using emulsion of antigen andFreund's incomplete adjuvant. Collection of animal serum done every week, till thesixth week from the first serum collection. The results of the optimization of theELISA test showed that the developed ELISA test is able to detect antibodies againstA. hyrophila, as well as the assembled imunostik capable to detect antibodies againstA. hyrophila both in carp and rabbit serum respectively]"

"Pencemaran mikroplastik menjadi ancaman bagi kehidupan biota. Mikroplastik yang terakumulasi dalam saluran pencernaan biota dapat menghambat pertumbuhan, mempengaruhi reproduksi, dan kerusakan organ internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan  bentuk mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus di Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Sampel air dan sedimen di ambil pada 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel dari situ. Sampel Ikan Nila diambil 5 ekor masing-masing pada 3 stasiun. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO3) 65%. Sampel air diambil 20 L dan disaring menggunakan plankton net. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan dalam oven sebanyak 25 gram. Larutan NaCl jenuh digunakan untuk memisahkan mikroplastik dengan pengotor. Sebanyak 1 mL sampel diteteskan pada Sedgewick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati dan dihitung berdasarkan bentuk mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian pada Juli 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 15,00-23,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 20.330,00-45.330,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 182,67-593,33 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 596,00-701,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada September 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 24,33-34,67 partikel L-1 pada air, 31.000,00-65.670,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 317,33-744,00 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 844,00-1.120,00 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fragmen pada air, Ikan Nila, dan sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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Microplastic pollution poses a threat to the life of aquatic organisms. Accumulated microplastics in the digestive tracts of these organisms can hinder growth, affect reproduction, and cause internal organ damage. This research aims to determine the abundance and forms of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tracts of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Water and sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations in the lake. Five Nile Tilapia samples were taken from each station. Gill and digestive tract samples were digested using 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. Twenty liters of water were collected and filtered using a plankton net. Sediment samples were dried in an oven, with 25 grams used for analysis. A saturated NaCl solution was employed to separate microplastics from impurities. One milliliter of the sample was dropped onto a Sedgewick Rafter Chamber, then observed and counted based on microplastic forms under a microscope. The research results in July 2022 indicated that microplastic abundance ranged from 15.00 to 23.33 particles L-1 in water, 20,330.00 to 45,330.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 182.67 to 593.33 particles ind-1 in gills, and 596.00 to 701.33 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. These abundances were lower than those in September 2023, ranging from 24.33 to 34.67 particles L-1 in water, 31,000.00 to 65,670.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 317.33 to 744.00 particles ind-1 in gills, and 844.00 to 1,120.00 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. The most dominant form of microplastics was fragments in water, Nile Tilapia, and sediment. This research indicates an increase in the quantity of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time, supported by factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"ABSTRAKKenaikan jumlah konsumsi ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat sekarang sudah mengerti pentingnya nutrisi yang terkandung dalam ikan. Sayangnya, banyak masyarakat yang bekerja di bidang budidaya ikan tidak sadar akan bahaya yang mungkin ada apabila lokasi budidayanya berada di tempat yang tidak aman. Salah satu contohnya adalah budidaya ikan air tawar yang berlokasi di sekitar BATAN, Serpong. BATAN Serpong sekarang sedang mengembangkan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental RDE yang memiliki probabilitas untuk melepaskan radionuklida seperti 137Cs sebagai produk dari reaksi fisi. 137Cs yang dilepaskan akan masuk ke atmosfer, mengalami proses global fallout, diabsorbsi oleh tanah dan terakumulasi di air. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis proses bioakumulasi 137Cs oleh O.niloticus dan kajian resiko dengan menghitung Bio Concentration Factor BCF . Nilai BCF yang didapat dengan ukuran 7.00 cm, 7.70 cm, 8.70 cm, dan 9.80 cm secara berurutan adalah sebesar 20.02, 9.12, 4.45, dan 2.88. nilai BCF kemudian digunakan pada software Erica tool untuk menghitung dosis total 137Cs yang terkandung dalam makhluk hidup di ekosistem tersebut. Distribusi 137Cs juga dianalisis melalui pembedahan dan didapatkan hasil bahwa akumulasi terbesar berturut-turut berada di otot, insang, dan isi perut. Keseluruhan hasil yang didapat kemudian dikombinasikan untuk menentukan apakah biota ini berada dalam nilai ambang batas.

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ABSTRACTThe rise of consumption of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus shows how people now understand the importance of the nutrients contained by fishes. However, people who work on the site of aquaculture sometimes do not realize how tangible the threats are if the site is unsafe. One of the examples is the aquaculture site located near BATAN, Serpong. BATAN Serpong is currently working on its Experimental Power Reactor ERP which has the probability to release radionuclide such as 137Cs as a fission product from nuclear reactors. 137Cs released into the atmosphere will undergo the process of global fallout, absorbed in the soil and accumulated in the water. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the process of bioaccumulation of 137Cs by O.niloticus and its risk assessment by calculating the bioconcentration factor BCF . The values of BCF with the size of 7.00 cm, 7.70 cm, 8.70 cm, and 9.80 cm are 20.02, 9.12, 4.45, and 2.88 respectively. These values of BCF will then be inserted to Erica Tool in order to calculate the total dose of 137Cs contained in living organisms. The distribution of 137Cs inside the body of O.niloticus was also analyzed through dissection. The result shows that highest accumulation of 137Cs was located in the muscle, the second highest was in the gills, and the lowest was in the viscera. All the results were combined to decide whether these organisms are safe to be consumed or not."

"Waduk Ria Rio, Jakarta Timur merupakan waduk yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk penangkapan ikan. Penangkapan ikan yang terus menerus dapat menyebabkan penurunan kepadatan ikan yang ada di Waduk Ria Rio. Salah satu ikan yang sering tertangkap oleh pemancing yaitu ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang mampu hidup pada kondisi lingkungan yang luas dan dapat menyesuaikan dengan jenis makanan yang tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan (food habit) ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Waduk Ria Rio. Penelitian kebiasaan makanan ikan meliputi pengukuran panjang tubuh dan berat ikan, serta panjang usus dan berat pencernaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk pengambilan sampel air. Kemudian, pengambilan sampel ikan mengikuti pergerakan ikan. Pengawetan pencernaan ikan menggunakan alkohol 70%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan nila mempunyai panjang usus 3–7 kali lebih panjang dari tubuhnya dan dikategorikan sebagai ikan herbivora. Komposisi jenis makanan yang ditemukan yaitu Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, dan Bacillariophyta. Euglenophyta menjadi makanan utama dengan persentase Indeks Bagian Terbesar 75%. Kemudian, hasil perhitungan luas relung berkisar antara 4,1982—4,8267 menyatakan bahwa ikan nila mampu memanfaatkan sumber daya yang tersedia secara umum. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan parameter lingkungan, Waduk Ria Rio masih dapat mendukung kehidupan ikan nila. Informasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pengelolaan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Waduk Ria Rio.

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Ria Rio Reservoir, located in East Jakarta, is a reservoir that is used by the community for fishing. Continuous fishing activities can lead to a decrease in fish density in the reservoir. One of the fish species that is often caught by fishermen is the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which can live in a wide range of environmental conditions and adapt to available food sources. The purpose of this study is to determine the food habits of Nile tilapia in Ria Rio Reservoir, which can be used as a reference for the management of Nile tilapia in the reservoir. The study includes measuring the length and weight of the fish and the digestive tract and also the food composition. The study uses purposive sampling for water sampling, and the fish sampling follows the movement of the fish. The fish's digestion is preserved using 70% alcohol. The results show that Nile tilapia has a digestive tract length of 3–7 times longer than its body and is categorized as an herbivorous fish. The food composition found includes Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Bacillariophyta, with Euglenophyta being the main food source with a percentage of 75%. The calculated area of the niche ranges from 4.1982—4.8267, indicating that Nile tilapia can utilize available resources in general. Based on the observation of environmental parameters, Ria Rio Reservoir can still support the life of Nile tilapia. This information is expected to be a reference for the management of Nile tilapia in Ria Rio Reservoir."