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"Ekonomi global saat ini sedang berada pada titik perubahan besar, semakin majunya teknologi informasi menghadirkan suatu perubahan yang menggabungkan antara Manusia, Mesin, dan Internet of Things (IoT). perubahan ini disebut sebagai revolusi Industri 4.0 yang mana akan dapat mengubah seluruh aspek produksi. Namun perubahan ini tidak memberikan efek positif kepada semua pihak, terdapat berbagai pihak yang dirugikan akibat dari ketidakmampuan dalam mengikuti penyesuaian yang berdampak menurunkan kinerja perusahaan dan dapat meningkatkan risiko kebangkrutan perusahaan. Dengan prediksi kebangkrutan akan menilai apakah terdapat perubahan yang signifikan risiko kebangkrutan pada perusahaan pasca perubahan revolusi Industri 4.0. Metode Altman Z-Score adalah metode penilaian risiko kebangkrutan yang reliabel dan banyak digunakan dalam memprediksi risiko kebangkrutan perusahaan. Sehingga dilakukan pengujian perbandingan nilai Z-Score antar Industri dan Tahun untuk melihat perubahan risiko kebangkrutan pasca revolusi Industri 4.0.

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The global economy is currently at a point of great change, the more advanced information technology presents a change that combines human, machine, and the Internet of Things (IoT). this change is referred to as the Industrial 4.0 revolution which will be able to change all aspects of production. But this change does not have a positive effect on all parties, there are various disadvantaged parties due to incapacity to follow adjustments that have an impact on reducing company performance and can increase the risk of corporate bankruptcy. With the prediction of bankruptcy, it will assess whether there is a significant change in the risk of bankruptcy in the company after the change in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The Altman Z-Score method is a reliable and widely used method of bankruptcy risk assessment in predicting the risk of corporate bankruptcy. So that a comparison test of the Z-Score between Industries and Years is carried out to see changes in the risk of post-revolutionary Industrial 4.0 bankruptcy."

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh risiko kebangkrutan terhadap kepemilikan institusional dengan variabel kontrol kapitalisasi pasar dan likuiditas saham. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan model regresi data panel Generalized Least Square.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa investor institusional cenderung meningkatkan kepemilikan sahamnya pada perusahaan dengan risiko kebangkrutan yang rendah, kapitalisasi pasar yang tinggi, dan likuiditas saham yang tinggi.

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This thesis discusses the effect of bankruptcy risk on institutional ownership with market capitalization and stock liquidity as variable controls. This research is a quantitative study with a Generalized Least Square panel data regression model.

The results of the study found that institutional investors tend to increase their ownership in companies with a low risk of bankruptcy, high market capitalization, and high stock liquidity."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prediksi kebangkrutan pada perusahaan di sektor konstruksi yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Regional Asia Tenggara (Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Thailand). Metode prediksi kebangkrutan yang digunakan adalah model KMV (Kealhofer, McQuown and Vasicek) yang dibuat oleh Moodys. Dari hasil studi menujukan bahwa tingkat probability of default perusahaan sektor konstruksi di Bursa Efek Indonesia berada di posisi paling rendah jika dibandingkan dengan perusahaan sektor konstruksi di Bursa Efek Regional Asia Tenggara.;This research is aimed to analyze bankruptcy prediction on company who listed in Regional Stock Exchange of South East Asia (Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand). KMV (Kealhofer, McQuown and Vasicek) method who published by Moodys used to predict the bancrupty. The results of this research found that level of probability of default construction sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange is in the lowest position when compared with the construction sector companies in Southeast Asia Regional Stock Exchange.;This research is aimed to analyze bankruptcy prediction on company who listed in Regional Stock Exchange of South East Asia (Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand). KMV (Kealhofer, McQuown and Vasicek) method who published by Moodys used to predict the bancrupty. The results of this research found that level of probability of default construction sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange is in the lowest position when compared with the construction sector companies in Southeast Asia Regional Stock Exchange., This research is aimed to analyze bankruptcy prediction on company who listed in Regional Stock Exchange of South East Asia (Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand). KMV (Kealhofer, McQuown and Vasicek) method who published by Moodys used to predict the bancrupty. The results of this research found that level of probability of default construction sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange is in the lowest position when compared with the construction sector companies in Southeast Asia Regional Stock Exchange.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh financing restatement terhadap pertumbuhan dan risiko kebangkrutan pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2008-2017. Pertumbuhan perusahaan diukur menggunakan pendekatan Internally Financed Growth (IFG) dan Externally Financed Growth (EFG), dimana pendekatan tersebut memiliki tiga proxy, serta risiko kebangkrutan diukur dengan Altman Z Score. Total sampel yang digunakan mencakup 256 perusahaan dengan gaps pada tahun 2013-2014. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel, dengan data yang bersifat unbalanced panel sehingga jumlah observasi sebesar 2013 firm-year. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif dan signifikan antara restatement terhadap pertumbuhan perusahaan. Berarti kegiatan restatement dapat menurunkan tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia yang dibiayai secara eksternal. Namun tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara restatement dan risiko kebangkrutan.

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This study aims to determine the effect of financing restatement on the growth and bankruptcy risk of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2008-2017. The company's growth is measured using the Internally Financed Growth (IFG) and Externally Financed Growth EFG approaches, where the approach has three proxies, and the risk of bankruptcy is measured by the Altman Z Score. The total sample used included 256 companies with gaps in 2013-2014. The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling. This study using panel data regression that is unbalanced panel so that the number of observations is 2013 firm year. The results found that there is a negative and significant relationship between restatement on firm growth. Means that restatement activities can reduce the firm growth rate of non-financial companies in Indonesia which are externally financed. However, there is no significant influence between the restatement and the bankruptcy risk.

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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan simultan antarakonservatisme akuntansi dan financial distress. Penelitian ini didasarkan padapemahaman bahwa antara kedua variabel tersebut dapat memiliki pengaruh satusama lain. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling terhadapperusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2009-2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konservatisme akuntansi tidakberpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress. Namun pada arah sebaliknya,financial distress berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap konservatismeakuntansi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa antara konservatisme akuntansi danfinancial distress tidak memiliki hubungan dua arah.

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AbstractThe purpose of this research is to analyze the simultaneous relationship betweenaccounting conservatism and financial distress. This research is based on theunderstanding that between two variables may have influence with one another.Collecting data using a purposive sampling method to manufacturing companieslisted in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2009-2010. The result suggests thataccounting conservatism have no significant on financial distress. In the oppositedirection, financial distress have significant negative impact on accountingconservatism. So, it can be concluded that the accounting conservatism andfinancial distress have no simultaneous relationship."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor makroekonomi terhadap risiko kebangkrutan pada perusahaan-perusahaan non- keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder kuantitatif serta diuji menggunakan panel data regression dengan model Fixed Effect. Hasil penelitian ini adalah  faktor makroekonomi berupa inflasi,  Produk Domestik Bruto , dan Nilai tukar rupiah terhadap USD, berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap  risiko kebangkrutan perusahaan.

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The purpose of this study is to study the macroeconomic effects on backruptcy risk on non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study using quantitative secondary data and panel data regression with the Fixed Effects model. The results of this study are macroeconomic factors consisting of inflation, Gross Domestic Product, and the rupiah exchange rate to USD, and  Firm Size significantly affects the risk of corporate bankruptcy."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang pengaruh volatilitas arus kas terhadap prediksi resiko kebangkrutan pada perusahaan terbuka yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2010-2017 dengan total perusahaan berjumlah 154 perusahaan yang tersebar kedalam semua sektor kecuali sektor keuangan. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan melakukan regresi GLS.Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari volatilitas arus kas perusahaan terhadap resiko kebangkrutan perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga meneliti tentang pengaruh volatilitas arus kas terhadap financial distress dan menghasilkan bukti yang serupa bahwa volatilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat financial distress perusahaan.

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This thesis is discussing about the impact of cash flow volatilty on bankruptcy risk prediction on listed companies who is listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017 with total observation of 154 companies from all of the sectors excluding financial sector. This thesis is conducted by using GLS regression.

The result shows that cash flow volatility significantly influence the bankruptcy risk. This thesis also investigating the impact of cash flow volatility to financial distress and generating same result that cash flow volatility impact the level of company financial distress."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh risiko kebangkrutan terhadap imbal hasil saham, dan mengacu pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penelitian Chen dan Hill (2013). Beberapa metode perhitungan risiko kebangkrutan digunakan, yaitu Z-Score Altman (1968), discrete time hazard Campbell et. al. (2008), dan Chava dan Jarrow (2004). Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah sebanyak 86 perusahaan untuk Z-Score Altman, 162 perusahaan untuk discrete time hazard Campbell et. al., dan 156 perusahaan untuk discrete time hazard Chava & Jarrow. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah ditemukannya pengaruh yang positif dan tidak linear antara risiko kebangkrutan dengan imbal hasil saham.

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This research aims to test the effect of bankruptcy risk, proxied by probability of bankruptcy, towards stock returns, and is inspired by the research done by Chen and Hill (2013). Several methods of bankruptcy risk calculation are used; Altman Z-Score (1968), Campbell et. al. Discrete Time Hazard (2008), and Chava and Jarrow Discrete Time Hazard (2004) and are tested on non-financial, public companies Indonesia - of which this kind of research has not widely tested yet. The number of samples used for Altman Z-Score are 86 companies, 156 companies are used in Campbell et. al. Discrete Time Hazard, and 162 in Chava & Jarrow Discrete Time Hazard. The research shows that there are positive, significant, and non-linear effects from probability of bankruptcy, as a proxy of bankruptcy risk, towards stock returns."

"Financial distress is a condition where firms face difficulties to fulfill debt and facing risk of liquidation. This research provides a critical analysis of factors affecting the risk of financial distress which is represented by the interest coverage ratio. Lower interest coverage ratio will cause higher risk of financial distress. It used panel data regression of 78 manufacturing firms between the 2009-2011 period with a total of 234 observations. Independent variables analyzed were the debt to asset ratio, return on assets, current ratio, firm age, and firm size. Result shows that return on asset, current ratio, and firm age have significant effect on financial distress. It means firms must observe their profitability and liquidity so that firms can lessen the risk of financial distress. Aside from that, older firms tend to have lower risk of financial distress due to higher competitiveness and higher management experience."

"Krisis keuangan global yang terjadi sekitar tahun 2008 hingga 2009 menimbulkan dampak ke Indonesia, salah satunya ancaman kebangkrutan pada perusahaan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prediksi financial distress dengan menggunakan teknik analisis logistic regression dan discriminant analysis pada perusahaan publik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2005 hingga 2010.Hasilnya adalah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis logistic regression, tingkat akurasi prediksi financial distress dalam memprediksi jawaban yang benar adalah sebesar 89.3 persen dan dengan menggunakan teknik teknik analisis discriminant analysis, tingkat akurasi prediksi financial distress dalam memprediksi jawaban yang benar adalah sebesar 62 persen. Pada penggunaan teknik discriminant analysis, waktu yang terbaik untuk memprediksi adalah tiga tahun sebelum financial distress, dengan nilai persentase sebesar 66 persen yang merupakan angka tertinggi selama periode penelitian.

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Due to global financial crisis in 2008 until 2009 affects to Indonesia, one of them is the threat of financial distress which occures before bankruptcy. This research aimed to predict the financial distress using logistic regression and discriminant analysis to public companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2005-2010.The results are by using logistic regression, financial distress can be predicted 89.3% significantly. Moreover, by using discriminant analysis, financial distress can be predicted 62% significantly. Discriminant analysis approach gets best prediction in 3 years prior to occurence of financial distress with 66% correct percentage."