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"Pendahuluan: Benzo(a)pyrene merupakan salah satu golongan PAH yangdiklasifikasikan sebagai senyawa yang bersifat karsinogen (probably carcinogenic)pada manusia dan hewan. Setelah terpajanan, benzo(a)pyrene yang masuk kedalamtubuh manusia melalui jalur inhalasi, langsung terabsorpsi didalam tubuh danterdistribusi dalam paru, kulit dan hati, lalu berikatan dengan DNA, RNA dan protein. Setelah memasuki tubuh manusia dan biotransformasi, Benzo(a)pyrene diekskresikan dalam bentuk metabolit terhidroksilasi dalam urin atau feses. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) dalam urin merupakan metabolit yang paling umum digunakan sebagai biomarker pajanan dari senyawa benzo(a)pyrene. Pengukuran konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene dilakukan pada tiga titik di setiap sekolah menggunakan sorben tube dengan filter charcoal, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode fluoresensi. Analisis 1-hydroxypyrene dalam urin dilakukan menggunakan HPLC dengan detektor fluoresensi. Tujuan: untuk melihat hubungan paparan benzo(a)pyrene terhadap konsentrasi 1-hydroxypyrene pada urin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 orang, pembagian sampel di buat secara probability proportional to size (PPS), pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil: Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat sebesar 0,0059 mg/m3, dan rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara outdoor yaitu 0,0031 mg/m3. Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor pada sekolah terpajan tinggi yaitu 5,6 kali lebih tinggi (0,0102 mg/m3) di bandingkan sekolah yang terpajan terpajan rendah (0,0018 mg/m3). Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat adalah 12,146 μmol/mol kreatinin. Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah terpajan tinggi 1,2 kali lebih besar (13,363 μmol/mol kreatinin) di bandingkan sekolah terpajan rendah (10,929 μmol/mol kreatinin). Kesimpulan: Hubungan pajanan BaP di udara indooor terhadap konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa berpola positif dimana terdapat korelasi positif antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (r=0,229) artinya semakin tinggi pajanan BaP di udara indoor maka semakin tinggi konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa. Hasil uji statistik menjelaskan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor dengan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (p=0,046).

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Introduction: Benzo(a)pyrene is a class of PAH which is classified as a carcinogenic compound (probably carcinogenic) in humans and animals. After exposure, benzo(a)pyrene which enters the human body through inhalation pathways, is directly absorbed in the body and distributed in the lungs, skin, and liver, then binds to DNA, RNA, and protein. After entering the human body and biotransformation, benzo(a)pyrene is excreted in the form of hydroxylated metabolites in urine or feces. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine is the most common metabolite used as exposure biomarkers of benzo(a)pyrene compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration measurements were carried out at three points in each school using tube sorbents with charcoal filters and analyzed using the fluorescence method. Analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine is carried out using HPLC with a fluorescence detector.

Objective: To see the relationship of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene to urine 1-hydroxypyrene concentration.

Method: This study is a quantitative study with a crosssectional design, the sample in this study amounted to 76 people, the sample distribution was made by probability proportional to size (PPS), the sampling used purposive sampling.

Results: The average BaP concentration in the indoor air of public elementary schools around the West Jakarta's main road segment is 0.0059 mg/m3, and the average BaP concentration in outdoor air is 0.0031 mg/m3. The average BaP concentration in indoor air in high exposed schools is 5.6 times higher (0.0102 mg/m3) compared to schools exposed to a low exposure (0.0018 mg/m3). The average 1-OHP concentration in the urine of public elementary school students around the West Jakarta main road segment is 12.146 μmol/mol creatinine. The average concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of high-exposed school students was 1.2 times greater (13,363 μmol/mol creatinine) compared to low-exposed schools (10,929 μmol/mol creatinine).

Conclusion: The relationship of BaP exposure in indoor air to the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students was positively patterned where there was a positive correlation between BaP exposure in indoor air to an increase in 1-OHP concentration in the urine of students (r = 0.229) meaning higher exposure to indoor air the higher the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students. The results of the statistical test explained that there was a significant relationship between exposure to BaP in indoor air and the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students (p = 0.046)."

"Konsentrasi 1-Hydroxypyrene di dalam urin dipengaruhi beberapa faktor pajanan, salah satunya adalah konsentrasi pajanan Benzo (a) Pyrene di udara. Didalam penelitian ini selain meneliti hubungan BAP dan 1-OHP juga diteliti faktor lain yang dapat menpengaruhi konsentrasi 1-OHPu, yaitu : karakteristik individu (Jenis kelamin, berat badan dan IMT), lama pajanan, dan sumber pajanan lain (makanan bakar/panggang, bahan bakar memasak, perokok dirumah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan BAP dan konsentrasi 1-OHPu dan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel udara dilingkungan SMPN 16 Bandung, dan memeriksa 36 sampel urin siswa kelas 2 SMPN 16 untuk pemeriksaan 1-OHPu, dan dilakukan wawancara terstruktur dengan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara BAP di udara dan 1-OHPu siswa kelas 2 SMPN 16. Kesimpulan penelitian ini : faktor paling mempengaruhi konsentrasi 1-OHPu siswa kelas 2 SMPN 16 secara berurutan adalah : bahan bakar memasak dirumah, adanya perokok dirumah, makanan bakar/panggang, IMT, dan lama pajanan.

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The concentration of 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine is affected by several exposure factors, one of which is the concentration of Benzo (a) Pyrene in the air exposure. In this study, in addition to studying the relationship between BAP and 1-OHP, other factors that can influence the concentration of 1-OHPu are: individual characteristics (sex, weight and BMI), duration of exposure, and other sources of exposure (grilled, Cooking fuel, and smokers at home). This study aims to determine the relationship of BAP exposure and concentration of 1-OHPu and other factors that influence. This cross-sectional study was conducted by taking air samples in SMPN 16 Bandung, and examining 36 urine samples of second grade students of SMPN 16 for 1-OHPu examination, and structured interview with questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that there is no correlation between BAP in the air and 1-OHPu of second grade students of SMPN 16. The conclusion of this research: the most influencing factor of 1-OHPu concentration of second graders of SMPN 16 in sequence are: home cooking fuel, Grilled/baked foods, BMI, and duration of exposure"

"Partikulat (PM2.5), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan benzo(a)pyrene diketahui sebagai polutan yang sering ditemukan di udara dari sisa/hasil pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara terutama pada populasi rentan seperti anak-anak dimana sebagian waktunya dihabsikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk adalah mengestimasi risiko pajanan partikulat (PM2.5), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan benzo(a)pyrene pada siswa di tiga sekolah dasar negeri Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan konsentrasi PM2.5 terkecil dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Barat. Sedangkan konsentrasi NO2 terkecil di SDN Cengkareng Barat dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Timur. Sementara konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene terkecil di SDN Cengkareng Barat dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Timur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, risiko non karsinogen pajanan PM2.5, NO2, dan benzo(a)pyrene dari ketiga sekolah memiliki nilai RQ ≤ 1 atau dikatakan aman sedangkan risiko kesehatan karsinogenik pajanan benzo(a)pyrene memiliki nilai E > 4 yang berarti siswa di sekolah berisiko.

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Particulates (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and benzo (a) pyrene are known to be pollutants that are often found in air from residual combustion of motorized vehicles that can affect air quality especially in vulnerable populations such as children where some of the time is validated at school.

This study aims to estimate the risk ofparticulate exposure (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and benzo (a) pyrene in students in three West Jakarta state elementary schools.

This research resulted in the smallest and largest PM2.5 concentration in Cengkareng Barat Elementary School. While the smallest NO2 concentration was in SDN Cengkareng Barat and the largest was in SDN Cengkareng Timur. While the smallest concentration of benzo (a) pyrene is in West Cengkareng SDN and the largest is in East Cengkareng SDN.

Conclusions from this study, the risk of non-carcinogen exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and benzo (a) pyrene from the three schools has a RQ value of ≤ 1 or is said to be safe while the carcinogenic risk of benzo exposure (a) pyrene has an E value> 4 which means students at risk school."

"Benzo a pyrene BaP merupakan salah satu golongan PAHs. IARC menetapkan benzo a pyrene BaP sebagai penyebab kanker pada hewan dan mungkin pada manusia Group 2A. Sumber BaP dari buangan kendaraan bermotor, pembakaran kayu dari perapian, fly ash dari pembangkit listrik dengan bahan batubara atau proses pembakaran lainnya. SMPN 16 Bandung terletak di Jalan P.H. Hasan Mustafa No.53 yang merupakan jalan raya utama padat lalu lintas, dekat dengan SPBU memiliki risiko terpajan BaP. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi tingkat risiko kesehatan pajanan BaP pada anak SMPN 16 Bandung kelas VIII. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2017. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan ARKL. Nilai estimasi risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Risk Quotient RQ dan estimasi risiko kesehatan karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Excess Cancer Risk ECR. Konsentrasi BaP di udara ambient lingkungan sekolah diukur dan karakteristik pola pajanan responden diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung. Nilai konsentrasi BaP pada pengambilan 10 titik nilainya sama.

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Benzo a pyrene BaP is one of the PAHs. The IARC establishes Benzo a pyrene BaP as a cause of cancer in animals and possibly in humans. The sources of BaPcan befrom vehicle rsquo s disposal, wood burning from fireplaces, flying ash from coal based power plants or other combustion processes. 16 Bandung Junior High School is located at P.H. Hasan Mustafa 53 which is a major traffic highway, close to gas stations that has a risk of being exposed to BaP. The research took place in some student of 16 Bandung JHS especially those who are in grade eight. The study was conducted in May 2017. The method that rsquo s used is the method of Environmental Health Risk Analysis. The estimated value of non carcinogenic health risk is expressed as Risk Quotient RQ and the estimated value of carcinogenic health risk is expressed as Excess Cancer Risk ECR. The concentration of BaP in the air of school rsquo's environment is measured and the characteristic of exposure is obtained from direct interviews. The value of BaP rsquo's concentration at 10 points is equal to "

"Pencemaran udara ruang kelas terkait beberapa gangguan pernapasan pada anak usia sekolah. Stres oksidatif telah dilaporkan sebagai salah satu mekanisme penting dalam dampak kesehatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pajanan pencemar udara PM2.5 dan NO2 di lingkungan sekolah dan hubungannya dengan penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA saliva siswa sekolah dasar. Pengukuran pajanan PM2.5 dan NO2 dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar negeri Jakarta Barat serta pengambilan sampel saliva dari 76 siswa pada tiga sekolah tersebut untuk pengukuran penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA. Data diolah secara statistik untuk menguji hubungan pajanan dan penanda stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini menemukan pajanan di ketiga sekolah yaitu PM2.5 ruang rata-rata 102,19 ± 86,91 μg/m3 dan median 81,50 μg/m3; PM2.5 lapangan rata-rata 82,31 ± 36,56 μg/m3 sedangkan rata-rata pajanan NO2 ruang kelas 90,37 ± 84,97 μg/m3; NO2 lapangan 116,83 ± 83,58 μg/m3. Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi penanda stres oksidatif GSH 0,70 ± 0,07 μg/mL dan MDA 1,63 ± 1,06 nmol/mL. Rata-rata konsentrasi GSH antara sekolah terpajan rendah dan tinggi tidak berbeda signifikan namun rata-rata konsentrasi MDA berbeda signifikan. Kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m³ maka konsentrasi GSH akan naik sebesar 0,001 μg/mL, kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m3 berhubungan dengan kenaikan GSH 0,003 μg/mL dan MDA 0,035 nmol/mL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH saliva dengan pajanan PM2.5 ruang dan lapangan, tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi MDA saliva dengan PM2.5 ruang namun berhubungan dengan PM2.5 lapangan. Tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH dan MDA saliva dengan pajanan NO2.

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Classroom air pollution is associated with several respiratory disorders in school-age children. Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the important mechanisms in this health impact. This study aims to determine the exposure to air pollutants PM2.5 and NO2 in the school environment and their relationship with markers of oxidative stress GSH and MDA saliva of elementary school students. Measurements of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure were carried out in three public elementary schools in West Jakarta and saliva samples were taken from 76 students at these three schools to measure oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA. The data were statistically processed to examine the relationship between exposure and markers of oxidative stress. This study found that the exposures in the three schools were PM2.5 with an average of 102.19 ± 86.91 g/m3 and a median of 81.50 g/m3; PM2.5 in the field averaged 82.31 ± 36.56 g/m3 while the average NO2 exposure in the classroom was 90.37 ± 84.97 g/m3; NO2 field 116.83 ± 83.58 g/m3. Meanwhile, the average concentration of oxidative stress markers GSH was 0.70 ± 0.07 g/mL and MDA 1.63 ± 1.06 nmol/mL. The average GSH concentration between low and high exposed schools was not significantly different, but the average MDA concentration was significantly different. An increase in PM2.5 room 1 g/m then the concentration of GSH will increase by 0.001 g/mL, an increase in PM2.5 space 1 g/m3 is associated with an increase in GSH 0.003 g/mL and MDA 0.035 nmol/mL. This study concludes that there is a relationship between salivary GSH concentrations with room and field PM2.5 exposure, there is no relationship between salivary MDA concentration and room PM2.5 but it is associated with field PM2.5. There was no relationship between salivary GSH and MDA concentrations with NO2 exposure. "

"Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pajanan Benzo a pyrene Pada Proses Pengasapan Ikan (Kajian Dampak Benzo[a]pyrene Pada Pekerja Industry Ikan Asap Di Bandarharjo, Semarang"

"Emisi mesin diesel (diesel exhaust) merupakan bahan yang karsinogenik terhadap manusia (grup 1 IARC). Sektor transportasi merupakan penyumbang terbesar diesel exhaust di udara. Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) merupakan komponen yang banyak ditemukan dalam diesel exhaust. 1-Hidroksipirena (1-OHP) merupakan metabolit pyrene yang digunakan sebagai penanda adanya pajanan PAH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin terkait dengan pajanan diesel exhaust pada pekerja uji mekanis di Pusat Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Cilincing. Pajanan diesel exhaust diukur melalui konsentrasi personal PM2,5, PM1, PM0,5, dan PM0,25. Penelitian dilakukan pada 19 petugas uji mekanis dan 18 orang pembanding. Pengukuran partikulat dilakukan menggunakan pompa Leland Legacy dengan Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Analisis 1-OHP dalam urin dilakukan menggunakan HPLC dengan detektor fluoresensi. Distribusi frekuensi 1-OHP dalam urin berkisar antara 11,72 - 61,88 µg/gr kreatinin urin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP petugas uji mekanis signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok pembanding (p=0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif dengan derajat keeratan kuat antara konsentrasi partikulat pada semua ukuran dengan konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin. Partikulat yang dihasilkan dari emisi mesin diesel merupakan kontributor utama terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin petugas uji mekanis PKB Cilincing.

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Diesel engine exhaust is categorized as carcinogenic to human (group 1) by IARC in 2012. Transportation is the biggest contributor of diesel exhaust pollutant. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the major compound of diesel exhaust that can be found on gas and particle phases. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene, has been used extensively as a biological monitoring of exposure to PAHs.

This study aimed to analyze the concentration of urinary 1-OHP related to diesel engine exhaust among vehicle testing mechanics at vehicle testing center Cilincing, Jakarta. Diesel exhaust exposure was measured by personal concentration of PM2,5, PM1, PM0,5, dan PM0,25. The subject was 19 vehicle testing mechanics and 18 non-mechanics as a comparator. Personal concentration of particulate matter collected using Leland Legacy pump and Sioutas Cascade Impactor and analyzed using gravimetric method. Urinary 1-OHP analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detector. Concentration of urinary 1-OHP ranging from 11,72 to 61,88 µg/gr creatinine.

The result show that mean concentration of 1-Hydroxypyrene of mechanic group is significant higher than non-mechanic group (p=0,001). There is a positive correlation between particulate matter concentration in all size and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration. In this study, particulate related to diesel engine exhaust is the main contributor of the increasing of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration among vehicle testing mechanics."

"ABSTRACTData Badan Pusat Statistik (2012) menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia mengalami peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor, pada tahun 2010 berjumlah 76.907.127 menjadi sejumlah 94.373.324 di tahun 2012. Hal tersebut memberikan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan, salah satunya kematian akibat kanker paru-paru. IARC mengakui pencemaran udara dari sumber lalu lintas dan industry penyebab utama kanker paru-paru. Salah satu polutan yang terdapat dalam asap buangan kendaraan bermotor adalah benzo(a)pyrene. IARC mengklasifikasikan benzo(a)pyrene ke dalam golongan 1 yang artinya agent yang bersifat karsinogenik pada manusia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asupan benzo(a)pyrene, risiko efek karsinogenik dan manajemen risiko melalui pola aktivitas dan karakteristik antropometri. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan metode Sampling Incidental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengukuran benzo(a)pyrene di 5 titik, serta wawancara dengan kuesioner untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pola aktivitas.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok pembanding akan ada 36 kasus kanker dari 100 orang populasi, sedangkan pada kelompok sopir akan ada 7 kasus kanker dari 100 populasi dan pada seluruh kelompok akan ada 22 kasus kanker dari 100 populasi. Konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene pada udara ambien sebesar 126,031 mg/m3, dan konsentrasi pada pembanding (indoor) 630,583 mg/m3. Manajemen risiko bagi seluruh kelompok adalah konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene aman sebesar 1,75 mg/m3dengan waktu 4 menit dalam 2 hari selama setengah bulan. Pada kelompok sopir, konsentrasi aman sebesar 1,98 mg/m3dengan waktu 12 menit dalam 5 hari selama 2 bulan. Pada kelompok pembanding konsentrasi aman sebesar 1,46 mg/m3dengan waktu 2 menit dalam sehari selama 11 hari.

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ABSTRACTCentral Bureau of Statistics (2012) showed that Indonesia increased experienced number of motor vehicles, in 2010 totaled 76.907.127 be a number 94.373.324 in 2012. This provides a negative effect on health, one of them is lung cancer. IARC recognizes the source of air pollution from traffic and industry, the main cause of lung cancer. One of the pollutants contained in the exhaust fumes of motor vehicles is benzo (a) pyrene. IARC classified benzo (a) pyrene in Group 1, which means that the agent is carcinogenic to humans.This study aims to determine the intake of benzo (a) pyrene, carcinogenic risk and risk management through activity patterns and anthropometric characteristics. The design of the study is Environmental Health Risk Analysis with incidental sampling method. The data collection was done by the measurement of benzo (a) pyrene in 5 points, as well as interviews with a questionnaire to determine the characteristics and activity patterns.The analysis showed that in the comparison group there were 36 cases of cancer will be from a population of 100 people, while in the group there will be 7 driver of cancer cases and 100 population, in all groups there will be 22 cases of cancer of the 100 population. The concentration of benzo (a) pyrene in ambient air of 126,031 mg/m3, and concentrations in comparison (indoor) 630,583 mg/m3. Risk management for the entire group is the safe concentration of benzo (a) pyrene was 1,75 mg/m3 with 4 minutes in 2 days for half a month. In the group of drivers, safe concentration of 1,98 mg/m3 with a time of 12 minutes within 5 days for 2 months. In the comparison group safely at 1,46 mg/m3 concentration with time of 2 minutes a day for 11 days."

"Pendahuluan: Etiopatologi aterosklerosis terkait dengan pencemaran lingkungan dan telah menjadi bukti yang mendasar dari studi epidemiologi. Zat karsinogenik Benzo[ a] pyrene (B[a]P), satu dari kontaminan lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko untuk aterosklerosis dan kerusakan DNA. Kemampuan dari polutan tersebut mendasari perkembangan penyakit dengan cara mengubah pola ekspresi gen seperti CYP1A1*2A dan GSTM1. Penelitian cross- sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek hubungan antara genetika dan lingkungan yang secara bersamasama (interaksi) berperan pada munculnya risiko aterosklerosis dan kerusakan DNA. Metodologi: Pemetaan gen menggunakan metoda PCR - RFLP dan multipleks digunakan untuk mengamati gen yang berperan dalam biotransformasi B[a]P serta hubungannya dengan aterosklerosis dan kerusakan DNA. Metoda ELISA menganalisis variabel dependen yaitu oksidasi - LDL (Ox-LDL ) sebagai biomarker status plak aterosklerosis sementara 8 - hidroksi - '2 - deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) sebagai biomarker kerusakan DNA dan metabolit B[a]P menggunakan Ultralight Performance Chromatography Mass - Spektrofotometri (UPLC-MS/MS) untuk mengevaluasi dampak pada 151 petugas penjaga pintu gerbang tol di Jakarta. Analisa Cox Regresi yang terkondisikan (conditional Cox resression) multivariat menganalisis hubungan antara faktor genetik,pajanan lingkungan B[a]P, demografi , gaya hidup dan latar belakang pekerjaan dengan aterosklerosis dan kerusakan DNA. Besaran Interaksi (ICR) digunakan untuk mengukur efek yang dihasilkan dari faktor genetik dan pajanan lingkungan dalam skala aditif, yang secara bersama-sama memunculkan risiko aterosklerosis dan kerusakan DNA. Hasil: Ditemukan interaksi CYP1A1-B[a]P berhubungan positif terhadap ateroskelrosis (Ox-LDL) (ICRPR= 0,09) dalam skala aditif dibawah model multiplikatif. Diperoleh efek interaksi positif (ICR>0) dalam skala aditif dibawah bentuk multiplikatif antara GSTM1? B[a]P (ICR-PR=0,09) pada risiko kerusakan DNA. Pengukuran interaksi genetik dan lingkungan dalam skala aditif lebih mendekati kepentingan kesehatan masyarakat.

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Introduction: The etiopathology of atherosclerosis is linked in part to environmental pollution has become a substantial evidence from epidemiological studies. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), as one of carcinogenic substances from environmental contaminants is risk factors for atherosclerosis and DNA damage due to it?s mechanism may exacerbate an underlying disease by altering gene expression such as CYP1A1*2A and GSTM1. This cross-sectional study aimed to observe the interaction between genetics and environmental jointly risk factors that play in role in causation of atherosclerosis and DNA damage.

Methodology: PCR-RFLP and multiplex genotyping used to observed genes that play inrole of biotransformation of B[a]P induced in disseases association with atherosclerosis while the ELISA analyse for oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL) observed plaque status in atherosclerosis among 151 respondents of tol gate workers in Jakarta. Ultralight Performance Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (UPLC-MS) determine both 8-hydroxy-?2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) observed DNA damage and 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was performed to observe impact of BaP. Multivariate conditional Cox? regression was analyzed the association between genetics patern, demographic , life style and occupational background with atherosclerosis and DNA damage. The Interaction Contrasts Ratio (ICR) evaluated the efect risen from interaction.

Result: The estimated interaction contrast ratio (ICR) was 0,09 in additive scale under multiplicative model (ICR > 0) between CYP1A1 and B[a]P on the risk of atherosclerosis. Additive interaction under multiplicative model between GSTM1 and B[a]P, with ICR 0,09 on the risk of DNA Damage.Interaction between gene-environment in additive scale is more appropriate for public health interest."