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"ABSTRAKCurrently, the Jakarta water is suffering from a high level of pollution, both the groundwater or the river. This is mainly caused by domestic wastewater disposal that has not been properly controlled. Efforts to develop domestic wastewater management are inadequate. Infrastructure development is very slow, the community participation and care, the wastewater management competencies and capacities are all very low. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the role of domestic wastewater management operators and regulators, to accelerate the construction of domestic wastewater treatment infrastructure, improve the participation and care of the community, and to improve the competence and capacity of domestic wastewater management service managers. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the operators and regulators in the development of domestic wastewater management in DKI Jakarta. To achieve this goal, this study was conducted using the method of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) as a method for analyzing the interrelationships between institutions in the framework of developing domestic wastewater management. The result of this study shows that the key institutions that could accelerate the wastewater infrastructure development are the Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs, National Development Planning Agency, and the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. The key institutions in enhancing the participation and care of the community are the Water Resources Office, the Environmental Office and the regional owned company Managing DKI Jakarta Waste Water. The key institutions related to improving the competence and capacity of domestic wastewater service managers are the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing."

"DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang menaruh perhatian lebih terhadap isu perubahan iklim dengan adanya target penurunan emisi sebesar 30% pada tahun 2030 (Peraturan Gubernur Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 131/2012). Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan memproyeksikan total emisi gas rumah kaca dari skenario BAU dan tiga alternatif skenario pengembangan pengelolaan air limbah domestik di DKI Jakarta periode 2014-2050, serta merekomendasikan skenario pengelolaan terbaik dan alternatif strategi untuk mencapai target skenario tersebut. Metode perhitungan emisi GRK yang digunakan adalah metode IPCC (2006), BEAM (2009), serta metode estimasi emisi dari konsumsi listrik IPAL dari penelitian terdahulu. Metode analisis SWOT digunakan untuk menghasilkan alternatif rumusan strategi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2014, total emisi dari pengelolaan air limbah adalah 834,87 Gg CO2eq yang terdiri atas emisi langsung (833,37 Gg CO2eq) dan emisi tidak langsung (1,51 Gg CO2eq). Emisi tersebut meningkat sebesar 92,83% untuk periode 2014-2050 berdasarkan skenario BAU. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa skenario ketiga dengan intervensi berupa peningkatan pelayanan sistem terpusat yang mengkombinasikan teknologi pengolahan aerobik dan anaerobik dengan pemanfaatan biogas merupakan alternatif skenario paling efektif dalam usaha memenuhi target penurunan emisi sebesar 30% di tahun 2030.

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DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia that are paying more attention to the issue of climate change as it has an emissions reduction target for 30% by 2030 (Decree of DKI Jakarta Governor No 131/2012). This study aims to analyze and project the total greenhouse gas emissions based on a BAU scenario and three alternatives scenario proposed of the wastewater management development for the period 2014-2050, and also to recommend the best scenario and alternatives management strategy to achieve such scenario. The GHG emissions were estimated by following the default methodology of IPCC (2006), BEAM (2009), and emission estimation method from energy consumption in centralized WWTP that were used by the previous study. SWOT analysis method were used to made alternatives strategy formulation. This study showed that in 2014, total emissions from wastewater management is 834,87 Gg CO2eq consisted of direct emissions (833,37 Gg CO2eq) and indirect emissions (1,51 Gg CO2eq). These emissions projected 92,83% increase for period 2014-2050 based on BAU scenario. This study showed that the third scenario’s intervention, i.e. improve the coverage of centralized WWTP which combine aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment with methane recovery, is the most effective alternative scenario to achieve the emission reduction target by 30% in 2030."

"Kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi di DKI Jakarta dapat menyebabkan peningkatan limbah domestik serta minimnya sistem sanitasi dan air bersih yang optimal sehingga berdampak terhadap penurunan kualitas air tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tren kualitas air tanah secara spasial dan temporal, menganalisis pengaruh musim terhadap variabilitas spasial kualitas air tanah, serta menganalisis secara kuantitatif hubungan antara wilayah urban dengan kepadatan penduduk, bahaya banjir, dan bahaya kekeringan dengan kualitas air tanah di DKI Jakarta. Data sekunder kualitas air tanah dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan serta Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta periode tahun 2016 – 2019 dianalisis meliputi parameter nitrit, sulfat, fecal coliform, dan total coliform. Metodologi yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisis variabilitas temporal dan spasial kualitas air tanah secara visual, interpolasi kualitas air tanah untuk melihat variabilitas musiman, menganalisis pengelompokan parameter air tanah pada tiap periode, mengklasifikasikan tata guna untuk tiap sumur pantau, serta menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas air tanah dengan beberapa faktor, seperti wilayah urban, kepadatan penduduk, bahaya kekeringan, dan bahaya banjir. Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat parameter kualitas air tanah yang berada di atas baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2017. Hasil variabilitas spasial menunjukan Jakarta Utara memiliki persebaran pencemar tertinggi untuk keempat parameter. Hasil variabilitas temporal menunjukan konsentrasi keempat parameter air tanah sejak 2016-2019 meningkat berdasarkan nilai median dan rentang kuartilnya sebesar 200% pada nitrit, 19,82% pada sulfat, 300% pada fecal coliform dan 400% pada total coliform. Hasil variabilitas musiman menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi di musim kemarau pada nitrit di bulan Juni dan September 2017 dan sulfat di bulan Juni 2017 dan April 2019, serta peningkatan konsentrasi di musim hujan pada parameter fecal coliform di bulan Maret 2016 dan Januari 2018, serta total coliform di Bulan Januari 2018. Pada faktor tata guna lahan, hasil menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara wilayah urban dan kepadatan penduduk dengan kualitas air tanah. Pada faktor banjir dan kekeringan, menunjukan terdapat hubungan dengan setiap parameter. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat indikasi adanya penurunan kualitas air tanah baik secara temporal dan spasial di DKI Jakarta.

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The high population density in DKI Jakarta can lead to an increase in domestic waste with the lack of an sanitation system and optimal clean water so that it has an impact on decreasing ground water quality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of groundwater quality spatially and temporally, to analyze the effect of seasons on the spatial variability of groundwater quality, and to analyze quantitatively the relationship between urban areas and population density, flood hazard, and drought hazard with groundwater quality in DKI Jakarta. Secondary data on groundwater quality from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and DKI Jakarta of Environmental Services were analyzed including nitrite, sulfate, fecal coliform, and total coliform parameters. The methodology used is descriptive analysis to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater quality visually, interpolate groundwater quality to see seasonal variability, analyze the clustering of groundwater parameters for each period, classify land use for each monitoring well, and analyze the relationship between groundwater quality and several factors, such as land use, population density, drought hazard, and flood hazard. The results show that there are groundwater quality parameters that are above the quality standard of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2017. The results of spatial variability show that North Jakarta has the highest pollutant distribution for the four parameters. The results of temporal variability show that the concentration of the four groundwater parameters since 2016-2019 has increased based on the median value and quartile range is 200% in nitrite, 19.82% in sulfate, 300% in fecal coliform and 400% in total coliform. The results of seasonal variability showed that there was an increase in the concentration in the dry season on nitrite in June and September 2017 and sulfate in June 2017 and April 2019, as well as an increase in the concentration in the rainy season on fecal coliform parameters in March 2016 and January 2018, and total coliform in January 2018. On the land use factor, the results show that there is a relationship between urban areas and population density with groundwater quality. In the flood and drought factors, it shows that there is a relationship with each parameter. Overall, there are indications of a decrease in groundwater quality both temporally and spatially in DKI Jakarta."

"processes of Biological treatment intend to reduce the organic matter content by using microorganisms. Problems, which often occur in the treatment process, include the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) being planned for treating domestic wastewater only, but in fact the WWTP often receives non-domestic wastewater particularly direct or indirect faecal deposits. There are 13 simultaneous systems of nonlinear differential equations using the method of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45). Data validation is measured in a facultative stabilization pond at a distance of 0 m, 25 m, 50 m and 75 m respectively. Samples are taken at the inlet and outlet of the pond covering the concentration of Bacteria (B), Algae (A), Zooplankton (Z), Organic Matter (OM), Detritus (D), Organic Nitrogen (ON), Ammonia (NH3), Organic Phosphorus (OP), Soluble Phosphorus (SP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform (TC), Faecal Coliform (FC), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The research comparing observation and count data results in 11 kinds of concentration that have a relative error <20% and 2 concentrations > 20%, namely Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Faecal Coliform.(FC). Wastewater quality is predicted with 45o angle charts and tolerance ± 20%, respectively for BOD (76.8%), COD (57.7%) and DO (81.9%). The model, as a means for performance evaluation of the WWTP, is appropriate for Class II water quality standards."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang Peranan C. vulgaris dalam pengelolaan lingkungan (Kajian penggunaannya untuk menurunkan kandungan nitrogen amonia air limbah domestik dan potensinya sebagai baban minyak biodiesel). C. vulgaris Buitenzorg belum pemah digunakan untuk pengolaban limbah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan disain experimental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa C. vulgaris dapat hidup dalam air limbah domestik dan pertumbubannya lebih baik daripada C. vulgaris yang dibiakkan dalam medium Beneck. Kemampuan penurunan nitrogennya yaitu 86,6% pada konsentrasi amonia awal 13,1 mg/1 dan 65, 9% pada konsentrasi amonia awal 4,7 mg/1 dalam 48 jam. Total lipid paling tinggl ditemukan pada C. vulgaris dengan kandungan amonia awal4,7 mg/1 yaitu 57, 03%, sedangkan pada kadar amonia 13,1 mg/1 kandungan lipidnya 56,18"/o, kontro148,75% dalam 48 jam perlakuan.

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This thesis discusses the role of C vulgaris in environmental management (Review of its use for ammonia nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater and its potential for biodiesel oil feedstock). C. vulgaris Buitenzorg has never been used for wastewater treatment. The study was a quantitative study with exporimental design.

The results showed thet C. vulgaris is able to live In domestic waste water and its growth is better than C. vulgaris that cultured In the modium Beneck. The ability of ammonia nitrogen removal is 86,6% on the initial ammonia concentration of 13.1 mg/1 and 65, 9"A> on the initial ammonia concentration of 4.7 mg/lln 48 hours. The highest total lipid was found in C. vulgaris with initialiUllmonia content of 4.7 mg/1, the value is 57, 03o/o, while the ammonia content of 13.1 mg/1 has total lipid 56.18%, and 48.75% in control in 48 hours."

"ABSTRAKReaktor down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) merupakan salah satu sistempengolahan biologis attached growth reactor yang dapat digunakan dalammengolah air limbah domestik. Prinsip kerja reaktor menggunakan media yangterbuat dari spons sebagai media filtrasi dan tempat melekatnya lapisan biofilm.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor DHS skala laboratoriumdengan sampel air limbah domestik yang berasal dari asrama UniversitasIndonesia. Nilai HRT optimum diperoleh melalui efisiensi penyisihan CODtertinggi yaitu selama 4 jam. Dengan penggunaan HRT 4 jam effluent yangdihasilkan adalah sebagai berikut BOD 38,08 mg/L, COD 109,16 mg/L, zat padattersuspensi 4 mg/L dan ammonia 45,15 mg/L dengan efisiensi penyisihan BOD73,1%, COD 65%, zat padat tersuspensi 90,7% dan ammonia 75,69%.Penggunaan HRT yang lebih lama diharapkan dapat memperbesar efisiensipenyisihan sehingga nilai baku mutu dapat tercapai.

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ABSTRACTDown-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor is one of biological treatments usingattached growth reactor which can be used in processing domestic waste water.The principal of this reactor is using sponges as the filtrate media and the biofilmlayer attachment space instead. This research is done by using laboratory scaleDHS in processing domestic waste water derived from the dormitory ofUniversity of Indonesia. The optimum HRT obtained by the highest COD removalefficiency that was in 4 hours. The 4 hours HRT that was used effluent results inBOD 38,08 mg/L, COD 109,16 mg/L, TSS 4 mg/L, and ammonia 45,15 mg/Lwith the removal efficiency of BOD 73,1%, COD 65%, TSS 90,7% and ammonia75,69%. The use of longer HRT may increase the removal efficiency to meet theeffluent standard of domestic wastewater."