Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKSerat kelapa muda dan kertas bekas dapat dijadikan kertas daur ulang untuk industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang alat pres guna mempercepat pengeringan lembaran kertas. Ukuran plat atas dan plat bawah, yaitu 420 mm x 520 mm x 1 mm. Sistem tekan dari lembaran kertas daur ulang setengah kering dilakukan dengan cara menekan dari plat atas ditekan ke bawah, kemudian dikunci bagian samping alat agar kadar air yang terdapat pada lembaran kertas dapat keluar dan kertas dapat kering dengan sempurna. Pada plat bawah, dipasang heat elemen sebanyak 12 buah dengan total daya sebesar 60 watt. Hasil dari penelitian ini dihasilkan sebuah alat pres dengan kemampuan pemanasan maksimal alat, yaitu suhu 70ºC dengan komposisi lembaran kertas SKM : KB sebesar 25 : 75 (%) pada variasi perekat PVAc 2% dengan waktu selama 43,5 menit."

"Industri pulp dan kertas merupakan salah satu industri penyumbang air limbah, sehingga diperlukan instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri pulp dan kertas di PT.RAPP terdiri dari beberapa unit, seperti unitbucket screen, primary clarifier, neutralization basin, cooling tower, aeration basin, dan secondary clarifier. Terjadi peningkatan jumlah produksi maka terjadi peningkatan beban air limbah yang dibuang, sehingga harus dilakukan identifikasi dan evaluasi kinerja sistem dan unit pengolahan. Evaluasi yang dilakukan berdasarkan parameter-parameter kinerja berupa TSS, pH, warna, COD, dan BOD yang akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu lingkungan, kriteria desain IPAL, serta studi literatur. Selain itu, dilakukan perhitungan terhadap proses kondisi bak aerasi pada kondisi eksisting dan pada kondisi perencanaan.Dari penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa timbulan limbah cair sebesar 330000 m3/hari, dimana masih memenuhi kriteria desain IPAL sebesar 450000 m3/hari. Karakteristik limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas menunjukkan limbah cair tersebut memiliki pH kondisi basa, yaitu 9,0, sedangkan untuk parameter TSS (566 mg/l), warna (1256 PtCo), COD (741 mg/l) dan BOD (338 mg/l). Konsentrasi effluent secara keseluruhan sudah dibawah baku mutu lingkungan, dengan nilai efisiensi pH sebesar 14%, warna sebesar 70%, TSS sebesar 94%, COD sebesar 78% dan BOD sebesar 96%.

---

Pulp and paper industry is one of the contributors to the wastewater industry, so that the necessary wastewater treatment plant. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the pulp and paper industry PT.RAPP consists of several units, such as units of bucket screen, primary clarifier, neutralization basin, cooling tower, aeration basin and secondary clarifier. Increase the amount of production then increase loads wastewater, so it should be the identification and evaluation of system performance and the processing unit. Evaluation of performance is based on parameters such as TSS, pH, color, COD, and BOD which will be compared with environmental quality standards, design criteria for wastewater treatment, and the study of literature. In addition, the calculation is done on process conditions of the existing conditions of aeration basin and on the conditions of the planning.

From research conducted showed that wastewater generation of 330 000 m3/day, which still meets the design criteria of 450000 m3/day WWTP. Characteristics of wastewater pulp and paper industry showed the effluent pH alkaline conditions, namely 9.0, whereas for the parameters of TSS (566 mg/l), color (1256 PtCo), COD (741 mg/l) and BOD (338 mg/l). Effluent concentration is below the overall environmental quality standards, with a pH value of efficiency by 14%, color by 70%, amounting to 94% of TSS, COD and BOD by 78% at 96%."

"The paper-recycling process of paper mills generates reject waste in the region of 5-25% of its raw material, depending on the recovered fiber quality and process used in the mill. We carried out an assessment of the paper industry’s reject waste pellets (RWP) as a boiler fuel. Reject waste was identified by means of sorting. The pelletizing of paper mills’ reject waste is a solidification process, as it is easier to store, handle, and transport solid waste. We analyzed the approximate calorific value and the sulphur content of reject waste pellets. The results showed that the components of reject waste are largely comprised of 51% fibers and 49% plastic. The plastic components of are dominated by the high density poly ethylene (HDPE) plastic type. RWP contains a lot of organic matter and has a high calorific value and low sulphur content, which gives it the potential of being used as fuel. Utilization of 10% RWP mixed with 90% coal as boiler fuel could reduce CO2 gas as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by about 9%."

"Gemuk komersial umumnya tersusun oleh minyak dasar, pengental dan aditif. Sebagian besar komposisi dari gemuk komersial tidak ramah lingkungan. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak dan mempengaruhi lingkungan serta ekosistem perairan jika dibiarkan secara terus - menerus. Oleh sebab itu, perkembangan mengenai gemuk ramah lingkungan mulai bermunculan dengan cara memodifikasi penggunaan minyak dasar, pengental, serta aditifnya. Salah satunya menggunakan turunan dari selulosa yaitu metil selulosa. Sementara itu, selulosa banyak ditemukan disekitar kita contohnya adalah limbah kertas HVS. Limbah kertas HVS melewati beberapa tahapan proses yaitu pre-treatment, alkali treatment, dan bleaching treatment untuk mendapatkan ekstrak serat selulosa. Metil selulosa disintesis menggunakan metode mercerization dengan NaOH serta metilasi menggunakan metilen klorida sebagai agen metilasinya. Penggunaan metil selulosa sebagai agen pengental pada gemuk bio dilakukan dengan variasi 20,0; 22,5; 25,0; 27,5; 30,0 persen berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metil selulosa yang dihasilkan memiliki gugus metilasi mengalami peningkatan dari 1160,14 cm-1 pada selulosa menjadi metil selulosa-air 1411,99 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan keberhasilan proses metilasi. Selanjutnya, metil selulosa pengental gemuk bio dilakukan pengujian konsistensi, dropping point, dan jumlah keuasan. Dari ketiga pengujian performa tersebut, dihasilkan bahwa metil selulosa memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada konsistensi, dropping point dan jumlah keausan bersamaan dengan penambahan jumlah komposisi pengental.

---

Commercial grease consists of base oil, thickener and additives. Most of the compositions of these commercial greases are not environmentally friendly. This could have an impact and affect the environment and aquatic ecosystems if allowed to continue. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly greases began to emerge by modifying the use of base oils, thickeners, and additives. One of them uses a derivative of cellulose, namely methyl cellulose. Meanwhile, cellulose is found around us, for example, paper waste. Paper waste go through several stages of processing, namely pre-treatment, alkali treatment, and bleaching to obtain cellulose fiber extract. Methyl cellulose synthesized using mercerization and methylation methods using methylene chloride as the methylation agent. The use of methyl cellulose as a thickening agent in bio grease was carried out with variations of 20,0; 22,5; 25,0; 27,5; 30,0 percent by weight. The results showed that the methyl cellulose produced had an increased methylation group from 1160,14 cm-1 in cellulose to 1411,99 cm-1 methyl cellulose-water which developed the methylation process. Furthermore, the test for methyl cellulose thickener of bio grease tested for its consistency, dropping point, and amount of wear. From the three tests, it was found that methyl cellulose had less significant effect on the drop point and amount of wear but had a significant effect on consistency. From the three performance tests, it was found that methyl cellulose had a significant effect on the consistency, dropping point and amount of wear along with increasing the amount of thickening composition."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas kegiatan business coaching pada UMKM "Ini Kertas", usaha yang bergerak di bidang usaha pembuatan kerajinan tangan dari limbah kertas, berlokasi di Citayam dan Ciputat. Produk utama UMKM "Ini Kertas" adalah hiasan dinding, tas tangan, dan pigura yang terbuat dari hasil olahan limbah kertas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi UMKM "Ini Kertas" adalah belum ada pembelian berulang atau pesanan barang dalam jumlah besar sejak didirikan tahun 2015. Tujuan dari penulisan tesis ini adalah membantu menyusun strategi bauran pemasaran untuk UMKM "Ini Kertas" berdasarkan kegiatan analisis visi-misi, benchmarking, dan survei, serta memberikan saran indikator penerapan strategi bauran pemasaran yang disusun.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses business coaching activities on MSME "Ini Kertas", a micro enterprise in handicrafts from waste paper located in Citayam and Ciputat. Their main products are wall decoration, hand bag, and picture frame made from recycled paper. Problem faced by the enterprise is they haven't received many order for their product since they were established in 2015. The purpose of this thesis is to formulate marketing mix strategy based on company vision and mission analysis, benchmarking, and survey, and giving the strategy performance indicator."

"The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is generally made of a fossil-fuel-based carbon material. In this study, carbon composite paper (CCP) for GDL was prepared by using carbon material obtained from coconut coir. To obtain the CCP, 80 wt% carbon material from the coconut coir and 20 wt% polymer binder (ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol) were mixed in xylene solvent at 100°C, cast on molded glass, and then rolled. The carbon material consists of a mixture of carbon fibers (length: 2 mm) and powders (size: 74 µm). Subsequently, the CCP was treated with polytetrafluoroethylene solution (10 wt%). The physical properties of the CCPs, such as through-plane electrical conductivity, porosity, density, and hydrophobic properties, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping were used to analyze the morphology and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) distribution in the CCP. The through-plane conductivity test showed that CCP with 70 wt% carbon fiber, 10 wt% carbon powder, and 20 wt% polymer was the optimum sample, and it showed the highest electrical conductivity of 2.22 S cm-1. The physical properties of PTFE-treated CCP, such as porosity, density, and contact angle, were almost similar to that of commercial carbon paper used as a GDL. Therefore, the CCP prepared from coconut coir can be applied as a GDL in a PEMFC."

"The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is generally made of a fossil-fuel-based carbon material. In this study, carbon composite paper (CCP) for GDL was prepared by using carbon material obtained from coconut coir. To obtain the CCP, 80 wt% carbon material from the coconut coir and 20 wt% polymer binder (ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol) were mixed in xylene solvent at 100°C, cast on molded glass, and then rolled. The carbon material consists of a mixture of carbon fibers (length: 2 mm) and powders (size: 74 µm). Subsequently, the CCP was treated with polytetrafluoroethylene solution (10 wt%). The physical properties of the CCPs, such as through-plane electrical conductivity, porosity, density, and hydrophobic properties, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping were used to analyze the morphology and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) distribution in the CCP. The through-plane conductivity test showed that CCP with 70 wt% carbon fiber, 10 wt% carbon powder, and 20 wt% polymer was the optimum sample, and it showed the highest electrical conductivity of 2.22 S cm-1. The physical properties of PTFE-treated CCP, such as porosity, density, and contact angle, were almost similar to that of commercial carbon paper used as a GDL. Therefore, the CCP prepared from coconut coir can be applied as a GDL in a PEMFC."