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"ABSTRAK Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprints and skin patterns. Dermal configurations appear during the 12th week of intrauterine life and are completely established by the 24th week. These configurations, except the overall size, are said to remain constant throughout an individual lifetime. Objective: To assess the relationship between fingerprint patterns and skeletal malocclusion. Methods: Fingerprint patterns were collected using the ink method from 90 subjects who were divided into skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusion groups of 30 subjects each.Results: The loop pattern was more frequent in patients with skeletal class I and II malocclusion, and the whorl pattern was more frequent in those with class III malocclusion. Conclusion: The present study attempted to assess the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns with skeletal malocclusion to use as an indicator of developingmalocclusion at an early age."

"Latar Belakang : Pada sebagian besar kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas III terdapat kombinasi antara elemen dental dan skeletal yang bervariasi. Beberapa elemen tersebut diantaranya adalah pola kerangka vertikal wajah dan inklinasi insisivus mandibula. Hubungan antara gigi insisivus mandibula dan posisinya terhadap bidang mandibula seringkali menjadi pedoman dasar dokter gigi untuk merencanakan perawatan ortodontik, karena dianggap sebagai salah satu kunci dalam diagnostik ortodontik. Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan inklinasi insisivus mandibula pada kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas III dengan pola kerangka vertikal wajah Hipodivergen, Normodivergen, Hiperdivergen. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik komparatif numerik secara potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 54 sefalomeri lateral pasien ortodontik sesuai kriteria inklusi. Digunakan uji komparasi One-Way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc Bonferroni untuk melihat perbedaan inklinasi insisivus mandibula antar kelompok. Hasil : Uji komparasi One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik inklinasi gigi insisivus mandibula pada kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas III antara ketiga kelompok wajah tersebut. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji Post Hoc Bonferroni menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna inklinasi insisivus mandibula pada kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas III dengan pola wajah Hipodivergen. Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara inklinasi gigi insisivus mandibular pada kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas III dengan pola kerangka vertikal wajah Hipodivergen, Normodivergen, dan Hiperdivergen.

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Background : There are various combinations of dental and skeletal elements in most cases of class III malocclusion. Some of these elements include the vertical facial patterns and the mandibular incisors inclination. The relationship between the mandibular incisors and their position towards the mandibular plane is often the basic guideline for dentists to plan orthodontic treatment, because it is considered as one of the keys in orthodontic diagnostics. Objective : To compare the difference of mandibular incisor inclination in class III malocclusion cases with a Hypodivergent, Normodivergent, Hyperdivergent vertical facial patterns. Methods : This research was a comparative numerical analytic study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted on 54 lateral cephalometrics of orthodontic patients according to the inclusion criteria. One-Way ANOVA comparison test and Bonferroni Post Hoc test were used to see differences in the inclination of the mandibular incisors between groups. Results : One-Way ANOVA comparison test showed that there was a stastically significant difference in the mandibular incisor inclination in class III malocclusion cases between three facial groups. Furthermore, based on the Bonferroni Post Hoc test, it showed that there was a significant difference in the mandibular incisor inclination in class III malocclusion with a Hypodivergent facial pattern. Conclusion : There was a statistically significant difference between the inclination of the mandibular incisor in class III malocclusion with a Hypodivergent, Normodivergent, Hyperdivergent vertical facial patterns."

"Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi korelasi antara polimorfisme gen Bone Morphogenetic-2 (BMP-2) rs1005464 dan rs235768 dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kraniofasial pada maloklusi skeletal kelas I, II, dan III; dan untuk mengetahui kerentanan Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) terhadap tipe wajah dan arah pertumbuhan. Bahan dan Metode: Populasi subjek terdiri dari 150 pasien ortodontik dewasa yang menjalani perawatan ortodontik di Klinik Spesialis Ortodontik Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Indonesia. Subjek dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok berdasarkan kasus maloklusi skeletal kelas I, II, dan III; tipe wajah (mesofacial, dolichofacial, brachyfacial) dan arah pertumbuhan wajah (normal, hyperdivergent, hypodivergent) dikonfirmasi dengan radiografi sefalometrik lateral. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan potongan rambut subjek, metode polymerase chain reaction, dan Sanger sequencing digunakan untuk menganalisis subjek. Koefisien korelasi Pearson dan regresi logistik berganda dihitung untuk menganalisis korelasi dan kerentanan BMP-2 rs1005464 dan rs235768, pohon filogenetik dibuat untuk mengevaluasi evolusi gen. Hasil: Distribusi genotip BMP-2 rs1005464 dan rs235768 menunjukkan distribusi yang konsisten, menunjukkan bahwa varian tersebut dapat menjadi bioindikator genetik pola pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kraniofasial. Koefisien korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa BMP-2 rs1005464 dan rs235768 berkorelasi signifikan dan kerentanan dengan pasien maloklusi skeletal kelas I, II, dan III. Sanger sequencing menunjukkan adanya distribusi yang konsisten polimorfisme gen BMP-2 rs1005464 dan rs235768 dan pohon filogenetik menunjukkan BMP-2 rs1005464 memiliki kecenderungan maloklusi skeletal kelas I dan III sedangkan BMP-2 rs235768 terhadap maloklusi skeletal kelas II. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa BMP-2 rs1005464 dan rs235768 berkorelasi signifikan, dan kerentanan terhadap pola pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Kraniofasial pada Maloklusi Skeletal kelas I, II, dan III.

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Bone Morphogenetic-2 (BMP-2) gene polymorphisms rs1005464 and rs235768 with craniofacial growth and development in skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III; and to determine the susceptibility of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) against the facial types and growth direction. Materials and Methods: The subject population consisted of 150 adult orthodontic patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Clinic Specialist for the Dental Oral Education University of Indonesia. Subjects were divided into groups based on cases of skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III; facial types (mesofacial, dolichofacial, brachyfacial) and the direction of facial growth (normal, hyperdivergent, hypodivergent) were confirmed by lateral cephalometric radiograph. DNA extraction was carried out by haircuts of the subjects, polymerase chain reaction method, and Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression were calculated to analyze the correlation and susceptibility of BMP-2 rs1005464 and rs235768, a phylogenetic tree was made to evaluate the evolution of the gene. Result: The genotyping distribution of BMP-2 rs1005464 and rs235768 showed a consistent distribution, indicating that these variants can be a genetic bioindicator of the growth pattern and development of craniofacial. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that the BMP-2 rs1005464 and rs235768 were significantly correlated and susceptibility with skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III patients. Sanger sequencing showed there was a consistent distribution of gene polymorphisms of BMP-2 rs1005464 and rs235768 and the phylogenetic tree shows BMP-2 rs1005464 has a tendency to skeletal malocclusion classes I and III while the BMP-2 rs235768 against skeletal malocclusion class II. Conclusion: This study indicated that the BMP-2 rs1005464 and rs235768 are significantly correlated, and susceptibility to growth patterns and development of Craniofacial in Skeletal Malocclusion classes I, II, and III."