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"ABSTRACTConsumers worldwide have reacted negatively to food products made from genetically modified (GM) ingredients. This study strives to understand the importance placed by consumers on the features of a product when purchasing halal yogurt drinks with GM or non GM ingredient along with the level of antioxidants, price, flavor and Halal certification from JAKIM. In addition, their attitudes towards genetically modified foods, in general, and their purchase intention towards genetically modified yogurt drinks, in particular, were also determined. Experimental design using a convenience sampling was used; 120 eligible responses were received from the study using three types of yogurt drinks. The research findings showed that nutrition was deemed as being the most important product feature that influenced the decision in purchasing yogurt drinks, followed by freshness, price, flavor, variety, and origin. Furthermore, it was found that respondents presented a neutral attitude and purchase intention towards genetically modified yogurt drinks. The recommendations to market practitioners, research limitations, as well as suggestions for future studies are also discussed."

"Dalam perdagangan GMO produk bioteknologi antar negara, pengaturan serta regulasi mengenai GMO sering berbenturan dengan pengaturan serta regulasi mengenai perdagangan internasional, karena masalah klasik yang telah ada sejak dahulu kala, yaitu kepentingan ekonomi negara pengekspor dan kepentingan kelestarian lingkungan serta kesehatan konsumen negara pengimpor. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) dibuat sebagai panduan bagi negara-nagara di dunia untuk menjaga kelestarian serta keanekaragaman hayati, karena sekarang ini umumnya negara-negara di dunia sering merusak lingkungan serta ekosistem demi kepentingan industri, ekonomi dan perdagangan. Artikel 22 CBD mengatur mengenai hubungan antar CBD dengan perjanjian-perjanjian internasional lainnya. Dalam artikel ini disebutkan bahwa penerapan CBD dan perjanjian-perjanjian lain yang bernaung di bawahnya, termasuk di antaranya Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Cartagena Protocol) tidak boleh bertentangan dengan perjanjian-perjanjian yang telah ada sebelumnya. Kasus-kasus yang diajukan ke World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) menyebutkan bahwa langkah-langkah pengamanan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara dalam hal persetujuan dan pemasaran produk-produk bioteknologi telah menyalahi dan melanggar kewajiban-kewajiban negara tersebut. berdasarkan ketentuan serta regulasi perdagangan internasional. Hal itu sangatlah tidak tepat sebab produk-produk GMO hasil bioteknologi masih sangat tidak stabil dan belum bisa dibuktikan secara ilmiah keamanannya. Oleh sebab itu, adalah kewajiban dari negara-negara untuk memberlakukan regulasi yang ketat atas produk-produk GMO hasil bioteknologi, untuk menjamin keamanan makanan, kesehatan manusia, Serta kelestarian lingkungan. Konsumen berhak untuk mengetahui bahwa produk yang dikonsumsi merupakan produk GMO, karena itulah para produsen GMO harus diwajibkan untuk melabel produk-produknya."

"More than ten years ago, the first genetically modified foods took their place on the shelves of American supermarkets. But while American consumers remained blissfully unconcerned with the new products that suddenly filled their kitchens, Europeans were much more wary of these ?Frankenfoods.? When famine struck Africa in 2002, several nations refused shipments of genetically modified foods, fueling a controversy that put the issue on the world's political agenda for good."

"Genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops transformed global agriculture since their commercial release in the mid-1990s. GM crops are the product of genetically engineered seeds that are resistant to herbicides and insects. The United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina account for 80% of the global area planted with GM crops. Based on a decade of research (2003-2013), this book investigates the ways in which peasants and rural populations resist but also negotiate the socioenvironmental consequences of GM soybeans in Argentina. The Argentine government authorized the use of GM, herbicide-resistant soybean seeds in 1996 in the midst of a profound process of neoliberalization. By the mid-2000s, GM soybeans were cultivated on half of the arable land in Argentina. While this agricultural boom has benefitted agribusiness companies, it also has accelerated the deforestation of native forests, prompted the eviction of indigenous and peasant families, and spurred episodes of agrochemical exposure. Soybeans and Power offers three insights. First, it inspects the consequences of GM crops in concrete rural spaces. Through ethnographic research, the book grounds abstract debates about GM crops in concrete experiences of peasants and rural populations, those bearing witness to their expansion. Second, it scrutinizes processes of demobilization and the decline of contention, which are much less understood than the mobilization and the emergence of social movements. Third, it draws on the case of Argentina, a major global player in transgenic agriculture, shedding light on the social and environmental impacts of the recent commodity boom in Latin America."

"The debate surrounding genetically modified organism (GMO) has been emotive and multi-dimensional, attracting a wide range of participants. Conflicting arguments and partial truths have left consumers, farmers, public interest groups and food producers contiised. Critics of GMOs have been exceptionally successful in raising the profile of genetically modified (GM) foods and have attracted public support from a wide audience including scientists. However, the study about consumer acceptance of GM foods is abundant, while study among scientists is limited. Scientists can provide proper explanations and information to consumer about GM products. Also, they usually are the first group to react if any unsafe GM foods enter the market. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the perception of scientists towards genetically modified foods.

The study was designed as a cross sectional study. A total of 400 scientists (defined as one who involves in one or more activities covering teaching, research and consultancy) in Bogor Agriculture Institute (IPB or Institut Pertanian Bogor) were selected by using random sampling. Data collection for this study was done by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire and self-administered questionnaire for assessing the knowledge of the respondents.

All of the collected data were coded and entered into SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Data analyses were done using frequency distribution for descriptive analysis and chi-square test for the association.

Nearly half of the respondent felt that they had basic understanding of GM foods. However, when their knowledge was assessed, 69.8% of them had good knowledge score. Most of them (71%) stated that they were aware with the term of GM foods. Respondents were questioned about their perceived intention when offered some GM foods. Majority (78.3%) of those surveyed stated that they would like to try it. Over 90% felt that there should be some form of labeling for distinguishing food containing GM ingredients from non-GM foods.

Overall, the results showed that majority (72.8%) of the respondents were for GM foods, 14.8% were neutral, and only 12.5% were against it."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kedudukan Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) di dalam perdagangan internasional. Pembahasan akan mengkaji mengenai GMO di dalam perjanjian-perjanjian internasional secara umum maupun secara khusus di dalam perjanjian-perjanjian mengenai perdagangan internasional. Pada khususnya akan dibahas mengenai status perdagangan produk GMO di WTO dengan mengacu pada perjanjian-perjanjian WTO dan sengketa mengenai produk GMO yang pernah diajukan ke Dispute Settlement Body WTO.Selanjutnya, dianalisis mengenai dampak dari penyelesaian sengketa di DSB WTO tersebut terhadap perdagangan produk GMO. Sengketa EC-Biotech (WTO 2006) memiliki dampak terkait penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam upaya perlindungan terkait dengan produk GMO dan kebijakan mengenai perdagangan produk GMO.

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This research examines the position of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) in international trade. The study will examine about GMO in general in international treaties and specifically in international treaties of international trade. The trade status of GMO will be specifically discussed in accordance with the agreements of the WTO and the case made before the WTO Dispute Settlement Body.

Furthermore, the implications of the case in the WTO Dispute Settlement Body towards trade of GMO products are also analysed. The EC-Biotech Case (WTO 2006) has implications towards the application of the precautionary principle in relation with protection measures of GMO products and in trade policies involving GMO products."

"Perbuatan Melawan Hukum merupakan suatu perbuatan yang menimbulkan kerugian kepada pihak lain, dan mewajibkan kepada orang yang menimbulkan kerugian tersebut untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya, dengan memberikan kompensasi ganti kerugian kepada pihak yang dirugikannya. Pertanggungjawaban perdata merupakan lapis pertama yang bekerja apabila timbul kerugian, dan pihak yang dirugikan dapat menuntut kompensasi tetapi tentu saja terlebih dahulu harus dapat membuktikan hubungan kausalitas antara kerugian yang diderita dan perbuatan yang menyebabkan kerugian tersebut.ini disebut pertanggungjawaban dengan kesalahan.Pada sistem Common Law (tort) terdapat suatu pertanggungjawaban dimana pihak yang dirugikan tidak perlu membuktikan unsur kesalahan tetapi tetap dapat menuntut ganti kerugian, dan ini disebut dengan Strict Liability atau Liability without fault, dimana pada rejim Strict Liability ini seseorang dapat dipersalahkan walaupun pihak yang dituntut telah melakukan prinsip kehati-hatian, apabila tergugat dapat membuktikan hubungan kausalitas antara kerugian yang timbul dengan perbuatan yang menimbulkan kerugian. Demikian juga pada penggunaan Teknologi rekayasa genetika yang banyak dipergunakan dewasa ini, yang adakalanya menimbulkan kerugian dan apabila timbul kerugian maka pihak yang dirugikan dapat meminta kompensasi atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat penggunaan teknologi rekayasa genetika.Unlawful act is an act that causes harm to other parties, and oblige the person who caused the damages for his actions, by providing compensation for damages to the aggrieved party. Civil Liability is the first layer that works when incurred losses, and the injured party may sue for compensation but of course it must first be able to prove the causal between the losses suffered and the actions that cause harm called liabililty based on fault.

In the Common Law system (tort) liability where there is an injured party or plainttiffs no need to prove the the defendants? fault but still have to prove that the damaging activity is abnormally dangerous , and is called Strict Liability or Liability without fault, where the regime of Strict Liability is someone to blame even though the required has been committed to the precautionary principles, if the defendant can prove the causal between the losses incurred by actions that cause harm. Likewise, the use of genetically modified organisms which widely used today, which sometimes lead to losses and losses incurred when the injured party may seek compensation for losses incurred through the use of genetically modified organisms."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini membahas bagaimana konsumen dalam melakukan pemilihan merek memiliki kriteria tertentu yang dianggap sesuai dengan kepribadian miliknya. Hal ini yang membuat penulis menjadikan konsumen Starbucks sebagai subjek yang diamati. Pemilihan subjek ini didasarkan pada realita bahwa banyak konsumen yang tetap setia terhadap merek Starbucks, di saat semakin banyak kedai kopi yang bermunculan dan memiliki harga jauh di bawah Starbucks. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kelompok tertentu memilih Starbucks bukan karena atribut, melainkan nilai emosional yang dianggap dapat merefleksikan kepribadian mereka.Tujuan utama dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menggambarkan proses pemilihan merek oleh konsumen Starbucks, terkait dengan kepribadian yang mereka miliki. Jenis penulisan ini adalah deskriptif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari jurnal ilmiah, artikel di internet, dan laporan terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan konsep kepribadian konsumen, kepribadian merek, dan pemilihan merek. Pada tulisan kali ini, penulis menemukan bahwa konsumen yang menyukai merek Starbucks adalah orang yang memiliki kepribadian agreeableness (A), dengan karakteristik baik, lembut, dan menyukai interaksi dengan orang lain. Hal tersebut dikarenakan, mereka yang mempunyai kepribadian agreeableness memilih Starbucks karena pelayanan-nya yang ramah, baik, dan bersahabat, atau sesuai dengan kepribadian merek sincerity. Meskipun pada akhirnya kepribadian merek (brand personality) bukan menjadi hal utama konsumen dalam memilih merek tertentu (brand preference), namun kepribadian merek yang sesuai dengan kepribadian konsumen (personality) dapat membuat konsumen mencintai merek tertentu.

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ABSTRACT

This paper discuss about consumer?s criteria before choosing a brand that perceived match with their personality, by analyzing Starbucks consumer. Selection of this subject is based on reality that many consumers remain loyal to Starbucks, while there are so many new coffee shops out there that cheaper than Starbucks. It shows that certain groups of people choose Starbucks not only because of brand?s attribute, but the emotional value that reflect their personalities.

The main objective of this paper is to describe the process of selecting the Starbucks brand by Starbucks consumers that related with their own personality. This is a descriptive paper that used secondary data derived from scientific journals, online articles, and previous reports related with personality, brand personality, and brand preference concept. In this paper, author found that consumers who like Starbucks as a brand is tend to have agreableness personality (A), which have good, and gentle characteristics, and really appreciate the interaction with other people. That is because, the agreeableness consumer tend to choose Starbucks because of its friendly and good service, or in accordance with the sincerity brand personality. Although in the end of brand preference process the brand personality is not the main thing that highlighted by consumer, but by having a strong brand personality that suit with consumer?s personality really can help the brand to be loved by its consumer."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk mayoritas beragama Islam, dimanamasalah perlindungan konsumen terhadap kehalalan suatu produk baik makanandan minuman merupakan masalah utama. Predikat mayoritas tersebutmengasumsikan bahwa kehalalan produk makanan dan minuman sudah jelaskehalalannya, padahal dengan tekhnologi pangan canggih sekarang ini banyakproduk makanan dan minuman yang tidak dapat dipastikan kehalalannya tanpamelakukan penelitian dan penelusuran lebih dalam. Penelusuran ini dapatdilakukan melalui suatu proses audit dengan mengikuti standar-standartertentu.dengan proses pemberian label atau tanda halal sebagai wujudperlindungan konsumen.Regulasi halal di Indonesia tercantum dalam terbitnya inpres, keputusan menteridan beberapa undang-undang. Kegiatan labelisasi (pencantuman) tulisan halalpada kemasan sudah diterapkan lebih dahulu sebelum sertifikasi halal. Berbagaiperaturan perundang-undangan yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan pengaturanproduk halal belum memberikan kepastian dan jaminan hukum bagi masyarakat.Pengaturan mengenai jaminan produk halal perlu diatur dalam satu undangundangyang secara komprehensif mencakup produk yang meliputi barang dan/atau jasa yang terkait dengan makanan, minuman, obat, kosmetik, produkkimiawi, produk biologi, dan produk rekaya genetik serta barang gunaan yangdipakai, digunakan, atau dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat.Kini sudah terbit Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan ProdukHalal sebagai regulasi untuk menjamin kepastian hukum terhadap kehalalan suatuproduk yang dibuktikan dengan sertifikasi halal. Undang-Undang Jaminan ProdukHalal ini tergolong peraturan baru yang implementasinya masih membutuhkanpenyesuaian mengingat banyak peraturan sebelum undang-undang ini terbit yangmasih berlaku.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is a country of majority Muslim population, where the issue ofconsumer protection against halal food and drink is the main problem. Predicateof majority assumes that halal food products and beverages was halal surely,whereas with advanced food technology today many food and beverage productswhich can not be ascertained halal without doing research and search deeper. Thissearch can be done through an audit process to follow the standards. With labelingprocess or lawful mark as a form of consumer protection.Regulation halal in Indonesia listed in the publication of Instruction, ministerialdecisions and some laws. Labeling activities (inclusion) word halal on thepackaging has been applied in advance before halal certification. Various lawsand regulations that have relevance to the setting of halal products not providecertainty and legal guarantees for the public. Arrangements regarding halalproduct assurance needs to be regulated in a law that comprehensively coversproducts which include goods and / or services related to food, beverage,medicine, cosmetics, chemical products, biological products, and products ofgenetic rekaya and use of goods used , used, or used by the community.Has now been published Undang-Undang No. 33 Tahun 2014 tentang JaminanProduk Halal as regulations to ensure legal certainty for halal products isevidenced by a halal certification. Law Halal Product Guarantee is classified as anew regulation that its implementation still require adjustments to remember a lotof regulations before this law is still valid issue, Indonesia is a country of majority Muslim population, where the issue ofconsumer protection against halal food and drink is the main problem. Predicateof majority assumes that halal food products and beverages was halal surely,whereas with advanced food technology today many food and beverage productswhich can not be ascertained halal without doing research and search deeper. Thissearch can be done through an audit process to follow the standards. With labelingprocess or lawful mark as a form of consumer protection.Regulation halal in Indonesia listed in the publication of Instruction, ministerialdecisions and some laws. Labeling activities (inclusion) word halal on thepackaging has been applied in advance before halal certification. Various lawsand regulations that have relevance to the setting of halal products not providecertainty and legal guarantees for the public. Arrangements regarding halalproduct assurance needs to be regulated in a law that comprehensively coversproducts which include goods and / or services related to food, beverage,medicine, cosmetics, chemical products, biological products, and products ofgenetic rekaya and use of goods used , used, or used by the community.Has now been published Undang-Undang No. 33 Tahun 2014 tentang JaminanProduk Halal as regulations to ensure legal certainty for halal products isevidenced by a halal certification. Law Halal Product Guarantee is classified as anew regulation that its implementation still require adjustments to remember a lotof regulations before this law is still valid issue]"

"Persaingan antar produk saat ini berlangsung dengan ketat.Setiap produsen berupaya untuk meyakinkan keunggulan dari produk yang dihasilkannya. Upaya untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan khalayak terhadap suatu produk (brand trust) dilakukan dengan beraneka cara. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan terhadap suatu produk tersebut adalah pemberian labelisasi halal. Pemberian labelisasi ini didorong oleh semakin meningkat kesadaran konsumen dari kalangan muslim untuk mengkonsumsi produk yang berbahan dan dibuat sesuai dengan kaidah syariah Islam. Salah satu produsen yang memberikan labelisasi halal pada produknya adalah Zoya. Zoya yang terkenal dengan produk fashion yang menyasar kalangan muslim mencoba untuk memperkuat pasarnya dengan memberikan labelisasi halal terhadap produk hijab. Labelisasi halal yang diberikan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) yang merupakan satu-satunya lembaga yang berhak memberikan labelisasi halal, menarik perhatian penulis sejauhmana labelisasi halal tersebut mendukung kepercayaan khalayak (brand trust) terhadap hijab Zoya.Penelitian dengan judul Analisis Persepsi Konsumen pada Brand Trust ?Halal? Hijab Zoya, penulis lakukan terhadap 10 (sepuluh) orang responden.Responden pada penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan pendekatan purposif sampling yaitu mereka yang telah menggunakan hijab Zoya sebelum adanya labelisasi halal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data yang diharapkan.Penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) pendekatan yaitu open coding, axial coding, dan selective coding. Hasil dari proses coding tersebut didapat hasil bahwa labelisasi halal terhadap jilbab Zoya memperkuat kepercayaan responden.

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Competition between products is currently underway with strictly. Every manufacturer is trying to convince the advantages of the products it produces. Efforts to foster public confidence to a product (brand trust) multi-faceted way. One way that is done to foster confidence in a product is halal labeling administration. Provision of labeling is driven by increasing consumer awareness of the Muslims to consume products made and manufactured in accordance with the rules of Islamic law. One manufacturer that provide halal labeling on its products is Zoya. Zoya is famous for fashion products targeting the Muslims tried to strengthen its market by providing halal labeling of the product hijab. Halal labeling granted by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), which is the only institution entitled to provide halal labeling, attract the attention of the author of the extent of the halal labeling supports the public trust (brand trust) against the hijab Zoya.The study titled Analysis Consumer Perceptions on Brand Trust "Halal" Hijab Zoya,use 10 (ten) respondents. Respondents in this study were taken by using purposive sampling approach, namely those who have used the hijab Zoya before their halal labeling. This study used a qualitative approach using interviews to obtain the expected data. The study was analyzed by using three (3) approaches, namely open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of the coding process we got the result that the halal labeling of the veil Zoya strengthen trust respondents."