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"The aim of this paper it to review various scale approaches to the blood flow modelling. Blood motion may be described by three types of mathematical models according to the observed scales or resolutions,namely microscopic,mesoscopic and macroscopic descriptions. The above approaches are discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Several results of mesoscopic simulations are presented with particular attention paid to mesoscale semi continuum models suitable for real time blood flow visualisation."

"Adequate blood supply to the eye is an important prerequisite for normal visual function. Over the past 40 years our knowledge of ocular blood flow regulation has improved significantly. This reader-friendly textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of ocular blood flow. Lavishly illustrated, it evaluates the wide array of methods that have been used to measure ocular blood flow. Furthermore, it not only offers the reader an evidence-based summary of the physiological and pharmacological properties of ocular blood flow regulation, but also demonstrates the ocular blood flow abnormalities in different vascular diseases. This book will enhance the understanding of all who are interested in learning more about ocular blood flow in health and disease."

"Hydrology plays important role in urban development thus hydrologic event that occurs has to be accurately estimated in order to satisfy the needs of the area in infrastructure. The advance technology has helped the engineers to model the event which should lead into better decisionmaking and visualisation in undertaking most hydrological cases. This thesis reviews four urban hydrological modelling softwares and discusses the essential components of the modelling that includes catchment model, loss model, storage discharge relations, and its input parameters. The aim of the review is to provide basic understanding of the hydrology processes by using modeling software in accordance to the basic theory and standard design. The review does not seek to be a comprehensive technical of urban hydrology management and modelling."

"ABSTRAKThis paper is an attempt at a systematic approach to the flow field analysis in the case of air flowing through a straight channel with a circular bump. The results of the authors own experimental measurements are compared to those obtained by means of both an in house and a commercial CFD code. Apart from the RANS method, which is commonly used in engineering applications, a decision was made to use the URANS and LES methods, which are available both in the in house academic code and in the commercial program. The comparison between the calculation results is performed using what is referred to as the numerical Schlieren image, which for the RANS calculations is compared to the Schlieren image obtained from experimental testing."

"Latar Belakang : Terdapat dua modalitas terapi paliatif pada populasi pasien penyakit jantung bawaan biru pulmonary duct dependent yaitu intervensi kateterisasi dengan PDA stent dan pembedahan dengan mBTT shunt. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan luaran kedua tindakan paliatif ini pada usia yang lebih tua.Tujuan: Mengetahui luaran tindakan PDA stent dibandingkan dengan mBTT shunt sebagai terapi paliatif pada pasien penyakit jantung bawaan sianotik dengan pulmonary duct dependent.Metode : Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder terhadap 143 pasien yang menjalani terapi paliatif PDA stent dan mBTT shunt pada periode Agustus 2016 sampai Agustus 2022 di RS Pusat Jantung Harapan Kita. Dilakukan pemantauan selama perawatan hingga 30 hari pasca tindakan. Hasil: Total 143 pasien yang dimasukkan ke dalam analisis luaran primer dan sekunder; 43 pasien menjalani PDA stent dan 100 pasien menjalani mBTT shunt dengan median usia kelompok PDA stent 110 (31-1498) hari dan kelompok mBTTshunt 174.5 (30-1651) hari. Komposit luaran primer tidak bermakna pada kedua kelompok meliputi mortalitas 30 hari (6(14%) vs 14 (14%), p=1,000), reintervensi (1(2,3%) vs 7 (7%),p = 0,436) , dan rehospitalisasi 30 hari (0(0%) vs 2(2%),p=0,319). Analisis luaran sekunder didapatkan angka lama rawat inap ICU lebih pendek pada kelompok PDA stent(2 (0-16) hari vs 4 (1-63) hari, p =0,002).Kesimpulan: PDA stent memiliki luaran yang tidak berbeda dengan tindakan mBTT shunt pada komposit luaran meliputi mortalitas 30 hari, reintervensi, dan rehospitalisasi 30 hari namun berbeda bermakna pada lama rawat ICU.

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Background: There are two modalities of palliative therapy in the population of patient with pulmonary duct dependent which is catheterization intervention with PDA stent and surgery with BTT shunt. To date, there have been no studies that have compared the outcomes of these two palliative strategy in older age.

Objectives: To determine the outcome of PDA stent compared to mBTT shunt as palliative therapy in patients with pulmonary duct dependent congenital heart disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using secondary data on 143 patients undergoing palliative therapy for PDA stents and mBTT shunts from August 2016 to August 2022 at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita. Monitoring was carried out during treatment up to 30 days after the procedure.

Results : A total of 143 patients were included in the primary and secondary outcome analysis; 43 patients underwent PDA stent and 100 patients underwent mBTT shunt with median age of PDA stent group 110 (31-1498) days and mBTT shunt group 174.5 (30-1651) days. Primary outcome composite was not significant in both groups including 30 days mortality (6(14%) vs 14(14%), p=1.000), reintervention (1(2.3%) vs 7(7%),p=0.436) , and 30 days rehospitalization (0(0%) vs 2(2%),p=0.319). Secondary outcome analysis showed shorter ICU length of stay in the PDA stent group (2 (0-16) days vs 4 (1-63) days, p = 0.002).

Conclusion: PDA stent has an outcome that is not different from the mBTT shunt procedure in the composite outcome including 30 days mortality, reintervention, and 30 days rehospitalization but significantly different in ICU length of stay."

"Malay medicine is one of complementary and alternative medicines in preventing and treating many diseases. However, scientific observation on Malay medicine in treating several non-infectious diseases, including obesity and cancer has not been fully documented and may be obsoleted. Thus, this review compiled several data on the potential of Malay medicine practice by consumption of Gelam honey and herb named Tinospora crispa in controlling obesity and treating cancer. In obesity study, findings revealed Gelam honey, and T. crispa significantly decreased body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides and the glucose level compared to controls. Meanwhile, in several cancer studies, both Gelam honey and T. crispa were found inhibited colon, breast, liver and lung cancer cell growth. Although the results were at the early stage, the reported studies revealed the potential of Gelam honey and T. crispa, which are applied in Malay medicine to control obesity and treat cancers effectively in the future. The data is also useful to conserve both native natural products and to promote a significant application of Malay medicine until to date."

"To identify whether hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance effects the hematologic parameter of routine blood,expecially the erythrocytes...."