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"AbstrakIn this paper I examine the interaction between the practice of cash cropping and villagers daily lives in alocal community, from a case study of Karen people in Northern Thailand. By focusing on the transition from subsistence rice farming to cash oriented strawberry cropping, I discuss how the demands specificto strawberry production intersect with changes in labor allocation and the agricultural calendar. Shanlaborers from Myanmar are employed seasonally, socioeconomic disparity among villagers is widening, andnew leadership and patron client relationships are emerging. By describing the historical process of thisinteraction, I will demonstrate (1) the logic whereby Karen, who have hitherto been known as subsistencerice farmers, have accepted cash cropping; and (2) how cash cropping redefines the forms of labor andvillagers socioeconomic relationships within and outside the village, including ethnic relationships.This paper avoids previous discussions that associate an ethnic group with the independent choice ofa specific type of subsistence activity deriving from their own cultural background or as a social strategy to flee from state control. Rather, I try to figure out how specific crops with evolving cropping managementand the local community have interacted within a historical and social cultural context to formulate laborforms and allocations as well as villagers socioeconomic relationships in their daily lives."

"Economic approach to media study. There are several reasons why this study on the Indonesian press market is using market is using economic approach...."

"AbstrakIn order to increase access to formal financial institutions, the Indonesian government has issued various national strategies. However, Indonesia inclusive financial index is still under other ASEAN countries. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the factors that influence financial inclusion in Indonesia. The microdata from global findex 2014 was carried out in this study by using binary logistic regression analysis. The finding indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between individual characteristics, including financial inclusion, constraints to financial inclusion, utilization of financial services motivation, and loan sources. Since the main targets of financial inclusion are the poor, this finding becomes an essential proposition for policies in the banking sector, that besides the factors of gender, age, education, and type of jobs, income is the primary factor that influences access and utilization of financial services. Mainly regarding loans, increased income will increase the opportunities of the poor to getting loans because only high-income groups have collateral in applying for loans."

"AbstrakThe influence of work ethics on employee performance is highly important. There has been indeed contradictive sight on some researches related to religious alliances. This research is aimed at analyzing the direct and indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment through job satisfaction. Data analysis is used path analysis. The sample of the study consists of 70 respondents. The result shows that Islamic work ethics has direct and indirect influence on organizational commitment. The indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment is lower than the direct one. Islamic work ethics can increase organizational commitment indirectly through job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the total indirect influence of Islamic work ethic on organizational commitment is smaller than the direct one. The managerial implication of the current research is that the principal should conduct an ongoing assessment on the work satisfaction of the teachers and employees in order to enhance their organizational commitment."

"ABSTRAKThis paper examines the linkages between residential property prices and residential property loans in Malaysia from 1999 to 2015. Even though residential properties are a basic necessity, there are few studies that estimate the long-run and short-run relationships between loans and price levels in residential properties in Malaysia. The estimations are divided into two parts: the detection of long-run relationships and the estimation the long-run and short-run elasticities from an ARDL model. The results support the hypothesis that the loan supply has a positive impact on residential price levels; the robustness test and Granger causality test also support this conclusion. This suggests the importance of closely monitoring the housing loan activities of banks via monetary or macroprudential policy to control residential property prices."

"Artikel ini membahas gejolak politik dan ekonomi di Prancis pasca krisis minyak yang terjadi di wilayah Eropa dan Amerika. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah tingkat pertumbuhan produktivitas kerja perusahaan-perusahaan di Prancis pada tahun 1967-1988 serta kebijakan nasionalisasi dan privatisasi yang dikeluarkan pada masa Pemerintahan Mitterand. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa gejolak ekonomi di Eropa dan Amerika yang disebabkan oleh krisis minyak mempengaruhi keadaan politik di Prancis dengan terbentuknya Pemerintahan Sosialis pertama di Prancis. Perubahan arus politik ini juga mempengaruhi kebijakan ekonomi yang dikeluarkan pemerintahan Mitterand. Setelah dianggap belum mampu mengatasi krisis ekonomi di Prancis, pada pemilihan legislatif tahun 1986, masyarakat memilih Jacques Chirac yang merupakan dari partai poros kanan untuk menjadi Perdana Menteri dan membuat Prancis masuk ke dalam era pemerintahan baru yaitu Pemerintahan Cohabitation. Dengan demikian tingkat pertumbuhan produktivitas kerja perusahaan-perusahaan di Prancis pada saat itu belum berkembang dikarenakan gejolak politik yang terjadi di Prancis dan lesunya perekonomian di Eropa.

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This article discusses the political and economic turmoil in France after the oil crisis that Occurred in Europe and America. The data used is the growth rate of labor productivity firms in France in 1967-1988 and the nationalization and privatization policies issued during Mitterand’s administration. The results of this study showed that the economic turmoil in Europe and America was caused by the oil crisis. This situation affects the political situation in France which is characterized by the formation of the first Socialist Government in France. These political mainstream changes also economic policy issued by the government of Mitterand. Considered not able to cope with the economic crisis in France, in the 1986 legislative elections, peoples in France choose Jacques Chirac is a party right shaft to become Prime Minister and make France enter into a new era of Cohabitation Governments. Chirac made an act of privatization that replaces the act of nasionalization. Thus the growth rate of labor productivity of companies in France at the time was not developed due to the political turmoil that occurred in France and the economic slowdown in Europe."

"framework of international comparison, he analyzes the problems facing Chinas economy in terms of international trade, international finance, exchange rates and foreign exchange reserves, international investment, etc., and looks forward to the future development of Chinas economy. The development of professional readers and policy makers has great reference significance."