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"ABSTRAKThe early years of the twentieth century introduced Vietnam, then a French colony, to feminism, which helped expose the problem of suicide among women, prostitution, and the trafficking. This article surveyed writings in three influential newspapers published for and by women, namely, Phu Nu Tan Van (PNTV) (Womans Newspaper) 1929 until 1934, Phu nu Thoi Dam (PNTD) (Womens Discussions on Topical Questions) 1930 until 1934, and Dan Ba (DB) (Women) 1939 until 1945. The writings were analyzed to illustrate how feminism wasperpetrated in this period, and how the writers were able toreconcile it with prevalent Confucianism, which this paperalso argued as having put in place, gender inequality."

"Skripsi ini membahas gaya hidup masyarakat kolonial di Batavia pada abad ke-19 dengan pendekatan sosial yang dilihat melalui pakaiannya. Pakaian yang akan dibahas pada tulisaan ini dibagi menjadi : pakaian kerja, pakaian sehari-hari, pakaian pesta dan juga pakaian olaraga. Pada penelitian ini pakaian akan dibahas secara mendetail dari unsur-unsur atau variasi yang berada pada pakaian tersebut. Detail pakaian itu akan menunjukan fungsi, gaya pakaian dan juga life style yang mempengaruhi terhadap perubahaan pakaian orang asing khusunya Eropa di Batavia.

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This thesis studies colonial society lifestyle in Batavia, 19th century by social approach observing through the clothes. The clothes which will discussed on the thesis divided into work wear, daily wear, formal wear, and also sport wear. In the research, clothes will be discussed in detail from its elements or variation. Details of the clothes will show the function, the style, and also lifestyle that affect changes of or apparel in Batavia."

"From the time of the earliest settlements the Europeans had seen America as a New World which would give them unlimited opportunity in the future. This image was cherished especially by those who had left their homelands for greater economic opportunities. Between 1620 and 1635 England suffered from economic difficulties. Many people lost their jobs. This deteriorating condition was aggravated by insufficient crops, because most of the lands were used for sheep-raising to meet the increasing demand for wool for England's expanding wool industries. To the first immigrants, then, the new land became the land of hope. Many settlers believed that God had granted them the American land as a second chance for them to live on after the first chance had been ruined in their previous home country. America was really a place of relief for the people who were weary of too much suffering. It was stated that when the first immigrants were approaching the American shore, they felt that "air at 12 leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden-. (US IS, 1978: 1-3). Those people considered America just like the second Garden of Eden they were always dreaming about. The vast, virgin forest, extending along the eastern seaboard from the north to the south, and rich in natural resources, resembled the earthly paradise and then became the object of pursuit for the suffering people. This Edenic possibility continued to be a strong attraction and since America's beginning, the development of American society had been marked by the great tide of immigrants toward the west. This Edenic dream also became a motivating factor for the waves of later immigrants to the new world in the centuries which followed, especially in the 19th Century, where the Edenic dream was transformed into myth that had spread among the pioneers who moved west. The people believed that because the western areas were still virgin, a promising future lay ahead, in the treasure island which became a rich source of raw materials for the development of the country. .As the coastal seaboard became densely populated and the soil became incapable of producing grain, these unfavorable conditions stimulated migration to the western regions, and there came a steady stream of men and women who left their coastal farms and villages to take advantage of the frontier life of the continent. "

"Awal abad ke 20 dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah titik yang mengawali pergeseran budaya dan keterbangunan di Indonesia menuju modernitas. Sedikit banyak perubahan ini hadir bersama perubahan paradigma kolonialisasi Belanda yang berusaha mendahulukan kepentingan masyarakat Hindia. Hadir tokoh-tokoh berkebangsaan Belanda yang dieluhkan telah berempati dan lebih memihak kepada penduduk Hindia-Belanda. Dengan begitu, ada kemungkinan bahwa empati bangsa Belanda terhadap masyarakat Hindia memiliki andil dalam implementasi politik etis maupun keterbangunan yang terjadi di awal abad ke-20. Peran arsitek seperti Karsten dan Schoemaker dapat menggambarkan bagaimana subjektifitas dan hubungannya dengan manusia dapat mempengaruhi keputusan terhadap karakter arsitektur yang dapat mewakili Hindia Belanda. Dengan mengacu kepada teori empati yang telah di elaborasi, tesis ini mengkaji pembangunan dan keterbangunan yang terjadi selama awal abad ke-20 di Hindia Belanda. Penelusuran dan pemahaman akan berfokus terhadap individu-individu yang terlibat dalam praktek politik etis, dan memberikan perhatian terhadap subjektifitas dan tindakan yang dilakukan pihak Belanda. Riset akan dilakukan melalui studi presedenm, wawancara, serta observasi. Melalui kerangka yang telah di elaborasi, kemudian dapat dipahami apakah kehadiran empati terhadap masyarakat Hindia benar-benar hadir dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap bentuk baru kolonialisasi Belanda di Hindia Pada Awal Abad Ke-20.

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The beginning of the 20th century can be regarded as a point where cultural shift and development towards modernity in Indonesia began. More or less this change was present along with the paradigm shift of the colonialization of the Dutch who tried to prioritize the interests of the Indies community. Ethical Policy Present figures of Dutch who were complained for their empathy towards the population of the Dutch East Indies. Thus, there is a possibility that Dutches empathy towards Indies community has contributed to the implementation of ethical politics and the development in Dutch Indies that occurred in the early 20th century.

The role of architects such as Karsten and Schoemaker can illustrate how subjectivity and its relationship with humans can influence decisions regarding architectural characters that can represent the Dutch Indies. By referring to the elaborated theory of empathy, this thesis examines the development that occurred during the early 20th century in the Dutch Indies. Research and Understanding will be focused on individuals who was involved in ethical political practices, attention also given to subjectivity and actions that were taken by the Dutch.

The investigation will be done through precedent studies, Interviews & Observation. Through the elaborated framework, it can later be understood whether the presence of empathy for the Indies was truly present and had an influence on the new form of Dutch colonialism in the Indies in the Early 20th Century."