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"ABSTRAKSeluruh dunia menyadari bahwa isu pertama yang paling penting untuk diatasi adalah kemiskinan, sehingga kita dapat mengatasi masalah-masalah berikutnya seperti kesehatan dan pendidikan. Salah satu cara paling menjanjikan yang dipercaya paling efektif untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan adalah melalui keuangan mikro. Esai ini mengeksplorasi kelebihan dan kekurangan dari keuangan mikro dan usaha mikro dalam mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan, dengan argumen-argumen baik dari para pendukung maupun para kritikus. Esai ini juga membenarkan mengapa, walaupun dengan kekurangan-kekurangan dan kritik yang terus tertuju kepada efektivitasnya sebagai strategi untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan, keuangan mikro masih layak untuk tetap dilakukan riset dan terus dikritik demi mengembangkan praktik dan dampak yang dihasilkan keuangan mikro dan usaha mikro.

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ABSTRACT

The world realizes that the first most important issue to address in the world is poverty, in order for us to move on and tackle the next problems in line such as health and education. One of the most promising ways believed to be effective in reducing poverty is through microfinance. This essay explores the strengths and weaknesses of microfinance and micro entrepreneurship in poverty reduction, with arguments from both the proponents and the critics. It critically justifies why, albeit its current weaknesses and continuous counterarguments for its effectiveness as a strategy to reduce poverty, it is still worth the research and effort to continually critique and improve microfinances and micro entrepreneurships practices and impact."

"[ABSTRAKA dan B membina suatu hubungan bersama yang tidak terikat dalam suatuperkawinan yang sah. Hasil hubungan tersebut melahirkan anak luar kawinbernama X. X lahir berdasarkan Akta Kelahiran Nomor 924/U/PROP/2000dengan tertulis bahwa A dan B adalah orang tua darinya. X di dalam AktaKelahiran tersebut seharusnya tertulis nama ibunya saja yaitu B. Selain itu jugaada Penetapan 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG yang menetapkan bahwa X adalah anakkandung dari A dan B. Bagaimana pengaturan anak luar kawin dan aktakelahiran menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia?mengapa terdapat akta kelahiran yang masih memerlukan penetapan dariPengadilan Negeri? Penulis mempergunakan metode penelitian hukum normatifdidukung dengan wawancara. Data Penelitian yang diperoleh Penulis bahwa Adan B tidak pernah terikat dalam perkawinan yang sah. X adalah benar anak luarkawin Akta kelahiran X dikatakan tidak terdaftar di Kantor Catatan Sipil DKIJakarta. Penulis berpendapat seharusnya Akta Kelahiran X hanya tertulis namaibunya saja berdasarkan Pasal 43 ayat (1) KUHPer. Masalah pembuktiankebenaran akta tersebut harus melalui suatu proses pembuktian di Pengadilan dansiapa yang mendalilkan dialah yang harus membuktikan ketidakbenaran akan isiakta tersebut. Bentuk perlindungan hukum yang bisa diberikan kepada X sebagaianak luar kawin adalah pengakuan anak. Kantor Catatan Sipil dan PengadilanNegeri haruslah lebih teliti dalam melaksanakan ketentuan pengakuan anak luarkawin sesuai dengan yang telah diatur di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.

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ABSTRACTA and B building a relationship that not bound together in legal marriage.The result of these relationships childbearing outside marriage named X. X wasborn by a Birth Certificate number 924/U/PROP/2000 in writing that A and B arethe parent of X. X in the birth certificate should be written B name. There wasalso 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG stipulate that X is the biological child of A and B.How to setup the child outside marriage and birth certificates according to thelegislation in force in Indonesia? Why the certificate of birth still RequiredDetermination from district court? The writer use this issue using the methodnormatif of law analism and its support by interview. The data tell that A and Bnever been married in legal marriage and X is correct the children outsidemarriage. The certificate of birth of X not registered in civil registry office ofDKI Jakarta. The writer assume that the parent of X in the certificate of birth is Bbase on Chapter 43 paragraph (1) KUHPer. The problem validating certificatesmust be proceed by court and the person who substantiate must be proveuncorrectly on the content of the certification. Form of legal protection that canbe given to X as a child outside marriage is recognized endorsment. Civil registryOffice and the District Court should be more careful in carrying out theprovisition of recognition in accordance with the child outside of marriage thathas been set in the legislation.;A and B building a relationship that not bound together in legal marriage.The result of these relationships childbearing outside marriage named X. X wasborn by a Birth Certificate number 924/U/PROP/2000 in writing that A and B arethe parent of X. X in the birth certificate should be written B name. There wasalso 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG stipulate that X is the biological child of A and B.How to setup the child outside marriage and birth certificates according to thelegislation in force in Indonesia? Why the certificate of birth still RequiredDetermination from district court? The writer use this issue using the methodnormatif of law analism and its support by interview. The data tell that A and Bnever been married in legal marriage and X is correct the children outsidemarriage. The certificate of birth of X not registered in civil registry office ofDKI Jakarta. The writer assume that the parent of X in the certificate of birth is Bbase on Chapter 43 paragraph (1) KUHPer. The problem validating certificatesmust be proceed by court and the person who substantiate must be proveuncorrectly on the content of the certification. Form of legal protection that canbe given to X as a child outside marriage is recognized endorsment. Civil registryOffice and the District Court should be more careful in carrying out theprovisition of recognition in accordance with the child outside of marriage thathas been set in the legislation.;A and B building a relationship that not bound together in legal marriage.The result of these relationships childbearing outside marriage named X. X wasborn by a Birth Certificate number 924/U/PROP/2000 in writing that A and B arethe parent of X. X in the birth certificate should be written B name. There wasalso 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG stipulate that X is the biological child of A and B.How to setup the child outside marriage and birth certificates according to thelegislation in force in Indonesia? Why the certificate of birth still RequiredDetermination from district court? The writer use this issue using the methodnormatif of law analism and its support by interview. The data tell that A and Bnever been married in legal marriage and X is correct the children outsidemarriage. The certificate of birth of X not registered in civil registry office ofDKI Jakarta. The writer assume that the parent of X in the certificate of birth is Bbase on Chapter 43 paragraph (1) KUHPer. The problem validating certificatesmust be proceed by court and the person who substantiate must be proveuncorrectly on the content of the certification. Form of legal protection that canbe given to X as a child outside marriage is recognized endorsment. Civil registryOffice and the District Court should be more careful in carrying out theprovisition of recognition in accordance with the child outside of marriage thathas been set in the legislation.;A and B building a relationship that not bound together in legal marriage.The result of these relationships childbearing outside marriage named X. X wasborn by a Birth Certificate number 924/U/PROP/2000 in writing that A and B arethe parent of X. X in the birth certificate should be written B name. There wasalso 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG stipulate that X is the biological child of A and B.How to setup the child outside marriage and birth certificates according to thelegislation in force in Indonesia? Why the certificate of birth still RequiredDetermination from district court? The writer use this issue using the methodnormatif of law analism and its support by interview. The data tell that A and Bnever been married in legal marriage and X is correct the children outsidemarriage. The certificate of birth of X not registered in civil registry office ofDKI Jakarta. The writer assume that the parent of X in the certificate of birth is Bbase on Chapter 43 paragraph (1) KUHPer. The problem validating certificatesmust be proceed by court and the person who substantiate must be proveuncorrectly on the content of the certification. Form of legal protection that canbe given to X as a child outside marriage is recognized endorsment. Civil registryOffice and the District Court should be more careful in carrying out theprovisition of recognition in accordance with the child outside of marriage thathas been set in the legislation., A and B building a relationship that not bound together in legal marriage.The result of these relationships childbearing outside marriage named X. X wasborn by a Birth Certificate number 924/U/PROP/2000 in writing that A and B arethe parent of X. X in the birth certificate should be written B name. There wasalso 07/Pdt.P/2003/PN.KTG stipulate that X is the biological child of A and B.How to setup the child outside marriage and birth certificates according to thelegislation in force in Indonesia? Why the certificate of birth still RequiredDetermination from district court? The writer use this issue using the methodnormatif of law analism and its support by interview. The data tell that A and Bnever been married in legal marriage and X is correct the children outsidemarriage. The certificate of birth of X not registered in civil registry office ofDKI Jakarta. The writer assume that the parent of X in the certificate of birth is Bbase on Chapter 43 paragraph (1) KUHPer. The problem validating certificatesmust be proceed by court and the person who substantiate must be proveuncorrectly on the content of the certification. Form of legal protection that canbe given to X as a child outside marriage is recognized endorsment. Civil registryOffice and the District Court should be more careful in carrying out theprovisition of recognition in accordance with the child outside of marriage thathas been set in the legislation.]"

"Jaminan hukum kepemilikan tanah dapat diwujudkan dengan penerbitan sertifikat tanah, salah satunya melalui proses Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL). Timbulnya pajak terhutang saat peralihan hak yang tidak diketahui oleh para peserta membuat terhambatnya proses PTSL. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) penerapan ketentuan peraturan perpajakan terhadap transaksi yang diakui sebagai dasar peralihan pada sertipikat melalui proses PTSL dan (2) jaminan hukum sertipikat yang telah terbit melalui proses PTSL yang masih tercatat terhutang pajak PPh dan BPHTB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan jenis data sekunder yang didukung hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa masih belum ada pengaturan yang jelas mengenai mekanisme penagihan dan sampai kapan biaya ini dibayarkan sehingga mengikuti pengaturan perpajakan yang berlaku, yaitu jumlah bruto dari nilai pengalihan hak atas tanah dan/bangunan, dengan dasar pengenaan BPHTB yaitu NPOP. Pasal 33 Permen ATR/BPN No. 6 Tahun 2018 mengatur bahwasanya masyarakat yang tidak mampu membayar pajak peralihan akan dituliskan PPh dan BPHTB terhutang di dalam buku tanah dalam sertipikat yang akan diterbitkan. Sertipikat produk PTSL memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sama dengan sporadik selama tidak dapat dibuktikan sebaliknya. Perlu dibentuk pengaturan khusus mengenai pajak terhutang dalam Peraturan Pemerintah agar penerapan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali dapat diterapkan.

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Legal guarantees for land ownership can be realized by issuing land certificates, one of which is through the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) process. Incurring tax payable during the transfer of rights that the participants were unaware of made the PTSL process obstructed. The formulation of the problems in this study is (1) the application of the provisions of tax regulations to transactions that are recognized as a basis for the transfer of certificates through the PTSL process and (2) legal guarantees for certificates that have been issued through the PTSL process which are still recorded as paying PPh and BPHTB taxes. The research method is normative juridical with secondary data types supported by interview results. The results of the study state that there is still no precise regulation regarding the billing mechanism and how long this fee is paid so that it follows the applicable tax regulations, namely the gross amount of the transfer value of land and/building rights, on the basis of the imposition of BPHTB, namely NPOP. Article 33 Permen ATR/BPN No. 6 of 2018 stipulates that people who are unable to pay the transitional tax will be written down the income tax and BPHTB owed in the land book in the certificate to be issued. PTSL product certificates have the same legal force as sporadic as long as they cannot be proven otherwise. It is necessary to establish special arrangements regarding tax payable in a Government Regulation so that the application of the lex specialis derogat legi generali principle can be applied."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Metode yang digunakan adalah konfirmatif eksploratif terhadap empat Gold Standard yaitu WHOQOL-HIV BREF, MOS HIV, EQ-5D-5L dan Ina-HRQoL. Dilakukan suatu studi literature dan uji validitas dan reliabilitas untuk memilih atribut yang sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai alat ukur. Ke-empat goldstandar diujikan pada masing-masing 30 responden. Dari 81 item pertanyaan diperoleh 70 item yang valid, dilakukan reduksi item dengan mengeliminasi item yang tidak sesuai dengan dimensi yang ditetapkan yaitu dimensi FISIK, MANDIRI, SOSIAL, MENTAL dan SPIRITUAL, sehingga diperoleh 40 item yang sesuai. Setelah itu dilakukan pengelompokan pada item yang sama atau menanyakan hal yang sama sehingga diperoleh 17 atribut. Ditambah satu atribut Bekerja yang dipandang penting maka keseluruhan atribut menjadi 18 yaitu Vitalitas, Rasa Sakit, Tidur, Mobilitas, Akyifitas Pribadi, Bepergian, Bekerja, Hubungan Personal, Dukungan Teman, Seksual,Aktifitas Sosial, Konsentrasi, Citra Diri, Menikmati Hidup, Perasaan Negatif, Hidup Berarti, Khawatir Masa Depan, Takut Kematian. Kedelapanbelas atribut kemudian dikembangkan menjadi kuesioner dan diujikan pada 30 responden dengan nilai alpha Cronbach 0,905, sehingga alat ukur ini dinilai valid dan reliable. Alat ukur yang baru dinamakan D-HIV HRQOL kemudian di aplikasikan pada 119 responden pada Yayasan Layak dengan nilai alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,895. Dari 119 responden ternyata 73,11% laki-laki dan 26,89% perempuan; kelompok umur terbanyak adalah 30-39tahun yaitu sebanyak 65,55% dan kedua terbanyak pada umur 20-29 tahun yaitu 23,53%. Tingkat pendidikan responden cukup baik yaitu 68,91% tingkat menengah atas, dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah swasta 52,94%. Dari riwayat penggunaan narkotika diperoleh 52,10% pernah, dan 17,65% masih aktif, demikian juga riwayat penggunaan alkohol 42,86% pernah dan 3,36% masih aktif. Faktor penularan terbanyak adalah melalui pemakaian narkotika suntikan sebanyak 63,87% dan seksual sebanyak 35,29%. Untuk nilai CD4 hanya 103 responden yang melengkapi data 44,66% pada 200-500 cells/ml dan 38,83% pada kurang dari 200 cells/ml. Hanya 19 responden yang sudah pernah diperiksa viral load, 10 undetected dan 9 detected. Menurut stadium 52,10% pada stadium II, dan 29,41 pada stadium II. Sebanyak 26,89% belum menerima pengobatan ARV dan 22,69% sudah menjalani ARV selama lebih dari 2 tahun. Nilai utility rata-rata pada 50,61 (0,7) dengan nilai minimum pada 22 (0.30) dan maksimum pada 69 (0.96), time preference rata-rata adalah 17,06. Sehingga nilai QALY?s adalah 11,94.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop an instrument that could be used in examining health related quality of life on people living with HIV/AIDS. The method used in this case is confirmative explorative to the four gold standards which is WHOQOL-HIV BREF, MOS HIV, EQ-5D-5L and Ina-HRQoL. Literature, validity, and reliability tests are conducted to choose the appropriate attributes to be used in the measuring instrument. These four gold standards were each tested on 30 respondents. Out of 81 items, 70 were found valid. An item reduction was carried by eliminating items that does not fit the dimensions, which is Physical, Social, Independence, Mental, and Spiritual dimensions, so that 40 suitable items was obtained. After that, classification on the same items, or items that was asking the same questions was done so that 17 attributes is obtained. And the ?Working? attribute was added because it was deemed important for the instrument. The result was 18 attributes which is Vitality, Pain, Sleep, Mobility, Personal Activity, Traveling, Working, Personal Relationship, Friend Support, Sexual, Social Activity, Concentration, Self-Image, Enjoying Life, Negative Feeling, Meaningful Life, Worries about the Future, and Fear of Death. These 18 attributes was then developed into a questionnaire and tested on 30 respondents with the Cronbach alpha values of 0.905, so that this instrument was deemed valid and reliable. The new instrument named D-HIV HRQOL was then applied to 119 respondents at ?Yayasan Layak? with the Cronbach alpha value of 0.895. Out of 119 respondents 73.11% were male and 26.59% were female; the largest age group was 30-39 years old as much as 65.55%, the second largest was 20-29 years old as much as 23.53%. The education level of the respondents was high enough, as much as 68.91% was middle class up. As much as 52.94% of the respondents were working in private sectors. As much as 52.10% of the respondents was using drugs in the past, with 17.65% is still actively using drugs, as much as 42.86% of the respondents was drinking alcohol in the past, with 3.36% is still actively drinking it. The largest factor of transmission was injection drugs as much as 63.87% and trough sexual as much as 35.29%. only 103 respondents fills in the CD4 value, of which 44.66% is at 200-250 cells/ml and 38.83% is at less than 200 cells/ml. Only 19 respondents were tested on viral load, 10 of which is proven undetected, and 9 detected. Stadium wise, as much as 52.10% of the respondents were at the second stadium, and 29.41% were at the third stadium. As much as 26.89% have yet to receive ARV treatment and 22.69% has received ARV treatment for the past 2 years. The average utility value is at 50.61 (0.7) with the lowest value being 22 (0.30) and the highest is 69 (0.96). The average time preference is 17.06, so the resulting QALY value is 11.94."

"ODHA yang masih aktif menggunakan NAPZA membutuhkan perawatan khusus oleh tenaga kesehatan profesional yang berkompeten dalam bidang HIV/AIDS dan NAPZA. Perawat sebagai bagian pelayanan kesehatan berperan penting dalam upaya promotif dan preventif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap pengalaman ODHA yang aktif menggunakan NAPZA. Desain penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 6 orang pasien yang sedang dirawat di RSKO Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara mendalam. Tema yang dihasilkan penelitian ini adalah : (1) Ketidakefektian pola penyelesaian masalah, (2) Kenyamanan psikologis dan biologis menggunakan NAPZA (3) Depresi sampai percobaan bunuh diri, (4) Ketidakefektifan peran sosial, (5) Perilaku asosial untuk memenuhi kebutuhan NAPZA, (6) Ketidakpuasan terhadap akomodasi perawatan, (7) Harapan pelayanan bebas biaya, (8) Perbaikan prosedur birokrasi dalam pemberian ARV, (9) Dukungan bersyarat dari keluarga, (10) Gangguan interaksi dalam keluarga dan (11) Upaya menjaga kepatuhan terhadap terapi ARV. Manfaat penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan peran perawat sebagai edukator dan advokator bagi pasien HIV/AIDS yang menggunakan NAPZA dan keluarga.

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PLWHA who still actively use drugs, require special care by competent health professionals in the field of. Nurses as part of health care plays an important role in the promotion and prevention .This study of qualitative research using a phenomenological approach aims to reveal the the experience of people living with HIV who are actively using drugs. Data were collected from 6 patients at RSKO Jakarta using in-depth interview. The resulting themes are (1) Ineffectiveness of problem solving pattern, (2) Comfort psychological and biological drug use (3) Depression to suicide attempts, (4) Ineffectiveness of social roles, (5) asocial behavior to meet the needs of drug,(6) dissatisfaction of care accommodation,(7) hope for free-of-charge services, (8) Improvements in the provision of ARV bureaucratic procedures, (9) the conditional support of the family, (10) Disturbance in family interaction and (11) efforts to maintain adherence to therapy ARV. Hopefully nurses learn from this study to enhance their roles as educators and advocators for HIV/AIDS patients and their families."

"ABSTRAKSubrogasi utang adalah pembayaran yang dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga kepada kreditor lama dengan tujuan menggantikan hak-hak kreditur lama terhadap debitur. Subrogasi utang juga dapat dilakukan oleh penanggung berdasarkan pasal 1840 KUH Perdata. Akibat hukum dari subrogasi utang adalah adanya peralihan jaminan kepada pihak yang melakukan pembayaran. Tindakan subrogasi utang yang dilakukan saat benda jaminan masih dalam sita jaminan adalah pelanggaran terhadap pasal 199 HIR dan dapat dinyatakan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum. Sementara itu notaris yang melakukan pembuatan akta subrogasi tidak mempunyai kewajiban hukum untuk memeriksa secara mendalam atau materiil apakah benda yang menjadi jaminan utang itu dalam keadaan sita jaminan atau tidak. Untuk dapat menuntut ganti kerugian dalam perbuatan melawan hukum juga diharuskan membuktikan kerugian secara rinci dan hakim dalam menentukan jumlah kerugian harus didasarkan pada kemampuan, kedudukan, keadilan dan kewajaran seabagaimana disebutkan dalam Yurisprudensi.

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Subrogation of debt is a payment made by a third party to an old creditor with the aim of replacing the rights of the old creditor to the debtor. Subrogation of debt can also be done by the guarantee based on article 1840 of the Civil Code. The legal effect of debt subrogation is the transfer of guarantees to the party making the payment. Debt subrogation that is carried out when collateral is still under prejudgment seizure is a violation of article 199 HIR and can be declared as an unlawfull act or tort. Meanwhile, the notary who makes the subrogation deed does not have a legal obligation to examine in depth or materially whether the object which is the collateral for the debt is in a prejudgment seizure or not. To be able to claim compensation in an unlawful act is also required to prove the loss in detail and the judge in determining the amount of loss must be based on ability, position, fairness and reasonableness as stated in jurisprudence."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui pengaruh jenis peketjaan dan tempat ketja perempuan kawin terhadap jumlah anak lahir hidup berdasarkan data SDKI 2007. Perempuan kawin pada penelitian ini adalah perempuan status kawin yang berusia 15-49 tahun pada saat survei dilakuk:an. Selain jenis peketjaan dan tempat ketja, variabel bebas lain yang digunakan adalah pendidikan, lama status kawin dan status pemakaian kontrasepsi.Teori mengacu pada apakah jumlah anak menghambat peketjaan. Compatible apabila tidak menghambat peketjaan sedangkan incompatible apabila menghambat peketjaan. Berdasarkan temuan pada analisis deskriptif, jumlah anak tidak menghambat peketjaan sales dan agricultural sehingga cenderung mempunyai jumlah anak lahir hidup yang lebih banyak sedangkan professional dan industrial yang umurnnya beketja di luar rumah jumlah anak menghambat peketjaan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa teori compatibility masih berlaku berdasarkan data SDKI 2007. Pendidikan mempunyai hubungan negatif dengan jumlah anak lahir hidup. Perempuan yang berpendidikan tinggi mempunyai jumlah anak lahir hidup yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan yang berpendidikan rendah. Berdasarkan lama status kawin, perempuan dengan lama pernikahan lebih dari 10 tahun cenderung mempunyai jumlah anak lahir hidup lebih dari 2. Berdasarkan status pemakaian kontrasepsi, perempuan menggunakan alat kontrasepsi ketika sudah memiliki 1 s.d 2 anak ataupun lebih dari 2 anak. Berdasarkan analisis inferensial dengan metode Ordered Choice Model, terlihat bahwa jenis peketjaan dan tempat ketja mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah anak lahir hidup dan pengaruhnya tersebuf·tergantung pada pendidikan, lama status kawin dan status pemakaian kontrasepsi.

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The aim of this research is to study the influence of women's occupation and where women work on the number of children ever born (CEB) using the 2007 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey. The analysis is conducted on married women aged 15-49 years at the time of survey. The other independent variables are education, duration of marriage and the use of contraceptions.According to theory, higher number of children may hamper women to work. Work and children are compatible when the number of children does not hamper women to work while on the other hand they are incompatible when children hamper women to work. Based on descriptive analysis, women who work as sales and agricultural workers tend to have more CEB than women who do not work while women who work as professional and industrial workers who usually work outside. home tend to have less children than women who do not work. This proves that compatibility theory is valid. According to education, the level of education has an inverse relationship with the number of CEB. Higher educated women has lower CEB compared to less educated women. Based on the duration of marriage, women who have married more than 10 years tend to have more than two CEB. The result also shows that women use contraceptives when they have 1-2 and more than 2 CEB. Regression results show that women's occupation and where women work have significant influence on CEB and depend on women's education, duration of marriage and contraceptive use."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang gambaran kematian maternal di Indonesia. Pada survei SDKI terakhir menunjukan kematian maternal meningkat sebesar 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan target penurunan AKI yang ditetapkan Depkes untuk tahun 2010-2014 sebesar 118 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kematian maternal di Indonesia melalui analisis Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia dengan analisis situasi saudara perempuan kandung yang masih hidup dari periode tahun 1994, 1997, 2002/2003, 2007, dan 2012. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah kematian yang terjadi di Indonesia, lebih dari 50% perempuan mengalami kematian pada saat melahirkan dalam 5 periode survei. Kematian pada saat 2 bulan pasca pesalinan meningkat dari 6% menjadi 18% dalam 5 periode survei. Responden yang memiliki saudara meninggal dengan riwayat komplikasi melonjak meningkat dari 12% menjadi 69% pada 5 periode survei. Kunjungan antenatal 4 kali atau lebih masih jauh dibawah target sasaran rencana strategi nasional sebesar 95% untuk tahun 2010-2014, hasil menunjukan responden yang memiliki saudara meninggal melakukan kunjungan antenatal 4 kali atau lebih sebesar 25% pada periode survei terakhir.

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This thesis was discussing about maternal deaths description at Indonesia. For the last SDKI's survey showed that maternal death had increased a number of 359 per 100.000 life birth. This thing was the opposite to the Department of Health's decreasing target to decrease AKI from 118 per 100.000 life birth for 2010-2014. This research had purpose to find out about maternal death in Indonesia through Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey Analysis with the analysis to the living biological sister through period 1994, 1997, 2002/2003, 2007 and 2012.

This research's finding was mortality in Indonesia, more than 50% female died when they were giving birth in 5 period of survey. Female died after 2 moths maternity had increased from 6% to 18% in 5 period of survey. The respondents who had sister that died with complication history jumped from 12% to the 69% in 5 period of survey. Antenatal visits for 4 times or more was out of target to the national strategy plan with 95% for 2010-2014, the results showed that all of respondents who had died sister did the antenatal visit for 4 times or more than 25% according to the last survey."

"Perkawinan akan menimbulkan suatu akibat hukum terhadap hadirnya harta bersama. Harta bersama dalam hal ini tidak hanya mencakup aktiva, namun juga mencakup pasiva atau utang bersama. Tidak jarang apabila terdapat suatu objek berupa harta bersama yang dijadikan sebagai jaminan untuk suatu utang bersama berupa perjanjian kredit yang dilakukan dengan pihak bank. Apabila objek yang hendak dijadikan jaminan berupa tanah beserta dengan bangunan di atasnya, maka pembebanan jaminan dapat dilakukan dengan lembaga jaminan hak tanggungan. Suatu permasalahan akan timbul ketika perkawinan harus berakhir karena adanya perceraian. Sama halnya dengan perkawinan, perceraian pun akan menimbulkan suatu akibat hukum terhadap harta dan utang bersama. Setelah perceraian, harta dan utang bersama seharusnya dibagi dengan besaran yang sama untuk suami dan istri. Akan tetapi, dalam praktiknya bisa saja terdapat salah satu pihak yang hanya menginginkan harta bersama tanpa mengingat bahwa harta sebagaimana dimaksud masih menjadi objek jaminan atas utang bersama berupa perjanjian kredit yang pernah dilakukannya. Keadaan demikian pun sejatinya tercermin dalam Putusan Nomor 130/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpg. Dalam menganalisis keadaan demikian, Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal sehingga menghasilkan penulisan yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembagian harta bersama yang objeknya masih menjadi jaminan untuk utang bersama tidak selalu dibagi dengan bagian yang sama besarnya untuk suami dan istri ketika mereka bercerai. Keadaan demikian jelas berbeda dengan ketentuan pembagian harta bersama dalam Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.

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Marriage will have legal consequences on the presence of joint marital property. Joint marital property in this case does not only include assets but also includes liabilities or joint debts. It is not uncommon for there to be an object in the form of joint marital property that is used as guarantee for a joint debts in the form of a credit agreement with the bank. If the object to be used as a guarantee is in the form of land along with the building on it, then the guarantee can be done with the institution of mortgage rights. A problem will arise when a marriage must end due to divorce. Similar to marriage, divorce will also have legal consequences on joint assets and debts. After divorce, joint assets and debts should be divided equally for husband and wife. However, in practice, there can be one party who only wants the assets without considering that the property in question is still an object of guarantee for joint debt in the form of a credit agreement. This situation is reflected in Decision Number 130/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpg. In analyzing this situation, the author uses a doctrinal research methods to produce analytical descriptive writing. The results of the research show that the division of joint marital property whose object is still guaranteed for joint debt is not always divided into equal parts for the husband and wife when they divorce. This situation is different from the provisions on the division of joint property in Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Civil Code."