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"Using panel data set 2002-2010, this paper examines the correlation between natural disasters and regional poverty in Indonesia. The variable for natural disasters in this paper is the number of houses destroyed by natural disasters. This paper also uses control variable that consists of socio-economic indicators at provincial level in Indonesia. It found that natural disaster has positive and significant correlation with the provincialpoverty rates in Indonesia. Therefore, poverty reduction strategy in Indonesia should consider the negative impacts of natural disasters that will hamper poverty reduction. Another important finding in this study is that in control variable, only agricultural share to Regional Gross Domestic Product that has significant and positive correlation with poverty rates.

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Menggunakan panel data periode 2002-2010, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bencana alam dan tingkat kemiskinan di level propinsi di Indonesia.Bencana alam diwakili variabel jumlah rumah yg rusak akibat bencana alam. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan control variable yang terdiri dari socio-economic indicators di tingkat propinsi di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa bencana alam memiliki positive and significant correlation dengan tingkat kemiskinan di level propinsi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu kebijakan pengurangan kemiskinan di Indonesia seharusnya juga mempertimbangkan faktor bencana alam yang akan menghambat program pengurangan kemiskinan di Indonesia."

"Target pengentasan kemiskinan global berada di bawah ancaman dampak bencana alam yang semakin sering terjadi dan semakin parah akibat perubahan iklim. Dalam menghadapi ancaman tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengalokasikan sebagian dana pengentasan kemiskinan untuk mengurangi risiko dampak bencana alam. Literatur menunjukkan bahwa bencana alam memiskinkan orang serta memperburuk kemiskinan, sementara instrumen fiscal seperti pengeluaran modal dan bantuan sosial mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan. Studi ini mengkaji hubungan antara berbagai dampak bencana alam terhadap manusia dan infrastruktur serta mengkaji bagaimana beberapa jenis belanja pemerintah dapat mencegah atau bahkan mengurangi kejadian kemiskinan yang terkait dengan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regional fixed effects dengan data series yang terdiri atas 485 kabupaten di Indonesia dari tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji pengaruh belanja tidak terduga yang ditujukan untuk manajemen risiko bencana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa berbagai variabel keparahan bencana meningkatkan angka kemiskinan, namun ada beberapa variabel keparahan bencana lainnya yang menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Ketika ada dampak bencana alam, belanja modal berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan sedangkan belanja bantuan sosial tidak signifikan. Sementara itu, belanja tidak terduga meningkatkan kemiskinan karena sifatnya yang didahului oleh bencana alam yang dapat menyimpulkan dampak negatif dari bencana alam.

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The goal of completely eliminating global poverty is under the threat of the impacts of natural disasters which have becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. In facing such threat, the Indonesian government has allocated a portion of poverty alleviation funds to attenuate the risks of the impacts of natural disasters. Literatures suggest that natural disasters impoverish people as well as exacerbating poverty, yet capital and social assistance expenditure reduce poverty incidence. This study examines the relationship between various impacts of natural disasters on humans and infrastructures as well as whether different types of fiscal expenditure would prevent or even reduce poverty incidence related to disasters. This study uses a regional fixed effects method with data series comprising 485 districts in Indonesia from the year 2015 to 2019. This study also examines the effect of unexpected expenditure which is purposed for disaster risk management. The result of the analysis shows that various disaster severity variables increase poverty headcount, yet there are some other disaster severity variables which reduce poverty headcount. In the presence of natural disaster impacts, capital expenditure bears a significant negative effect on poverty whereas social assistance expenditure is insignificant. Defying the hypothesis, unexpected expenditure increases poverty due to its nature of being preceded by natural disasters which may conclude the negative impacts of natural disasters."

"Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang sangat rentan terhadap bencana alam. Bencana alam dapat berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan dan belanja pemerintah namun pengaruh tersebut akan berbeda antar negara satu dengan lainnya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh bencana alam terhadap keseimbangan fiskal baik sisi penerimaan maupun sisi belanja di tingkat pemerintah daerah. Dengan menggunakan data panel dan metode fixed effect, studi ini memberikan hasil bahwa bencana alam yang terjadi tahun 2010-2018 dapat mengganggu keseimbangan fiskal melalui indikator budgetary solvency di tingkat pemerintah kabupaten/kota dan provinsi melalui penurunan PAD, peningkatan belanja bantuan sosial, belanja tidak terduga, belanja modal, dan belanja barang dan jasa. Jenis belanja yang paling berisiko untuk meningkat di tingkat kab/kota adalah belanja barang dan jasa dan di tingkat provinsi yaitu belanja tidak terduga. Meningkatnya belanja modal dapat diakibatkan oleh adanya beban fiskal akibat tertundanya proyek yang sedang berjalan atau adanya kebutuhan rekonstruksi pasca bencana. Studi ini juga memberikan hasil bahwa bencana banjir dan kekeringan secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap keseimbangan fiskal di daerah.

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Indonesia is an archipelago country, making it fairly vulnerable to natural disasters. While natural disasters generally affect government revenue and expenditure, their effects likely vary by country. This study examines the effect of natural disasters on the fiscal balance, revenue, and expenditure of local governments. We used panel data and fixed effects methods to estimate the degree to which natural disaster severity influences budgetary solvency at the district and provincial levels in Indonesia between 2010 and 2018. This study reveals that natural disasters can strain fiscal balance at the district and provincial levels due to a decrease in own-source revenue and an increase in social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, consumption expenditure, and unexpected expenditure. The district expenditure type most threatened by natural disasters is consumption expenditure, while the provincial expenditure type most threatened is unexpected expenditure. We also found that an increase in capital expenditure can lead to financial burden due to delays of planned projects or post-disaster reconstruction. Based on these findings, it is clear that forms of insurance or other financing schemes are necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of natural disasters on regional fiscal balance."

"Bencana alam adalah salah satu isu penting di Indonesia. Beberapa tipe bencana alam memiliki frekuensi kejadian tinggi dalam satu tahunnya, seperti tiga jenis bencana alam hidrologi yaitu banjir, tanah longsor, dan banjir bandang. Keseharian siswa di sekolah yang terdampak dari bencana alam dapat sangat terganggu. Bencana alam boleh jadi merupakan salah satu sumber tantangan dalam sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Penelitan ini bermaksud untuk mengangkat isu tersebut dengan menguji pengaruh dari bencana alam terhadap performa siswa di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan kombinasi data dari IFLS4, IFLS5, dan laporan dari BNPB, regresi Two Stages Least Square dengan digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh tersebut, ketidakrataan permukaan dan panjang sungai digunakan sebagai instrument variable. Studi menunjukan bahwa frekuensi bencana memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan negatif pada nilai ujian nasional siswa. Namun demikian, ketika diuji secara terpisah, banjir tidak berdampak signifikan pada nilai siswa, sementara longsor dan banjir bandang dampaknya signifikan. Pengaruh negatif dari banjir bandang lebih besar dibandingkan pengaruh dari longsor. Kemudian, nilai matematika memiliki dampak lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan nilai Bahasa Indonesia. Persiapan dan dampak dari bencana dirasa menjadi alasan di balik penemuan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, barangkali dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penanganan yang lebih baik pada bencana alam dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan pendidikan yang merata dan berkualitas untuk semua anak.

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The natural disaster is one of the crucial issues in Indonesia. Several types of disasters frequently occur in a year, such as the three hydrological natural disasters flood, landslide, and flash flood. The students daily life in school which affected by the disasters can be substantially disturbed. Natural disasters issue may be the one of challenge sources in Indonesian education system. This study intends to take the issue up by examining the effect of natural disasters on students performance in Indonesia. Using combination data from IFLS4, IFLS5, and report from BNPB, Two Stages Least Square regression is used to examine the effect, with ruggedness and river length as the instrument variable.

The finding shows that the disasters frequency has a statistically significant and negative effect on students national examination score. However, when it examines separately flood does not significantly affect the student score, while landslide and flash flood does. The flash flood negative effect is bigger than the landslide. Furthermore, mathematics score is more significantly affected compare to Bahasa Indonesia score. Disasters preparation and disasters impact are perceived be the reason behind those findings. Therefore, this study may infer that better handling the natural disaters is needed to create a quality education for all. "

"Indonesia adalah negara yang rawan terkena bencana alam seperti letusan gunung berapi, longsor dan tsunami. Rumah adalah aset yang berharga namun menanggung proporsi kerusakan yang tinggi akibat bencana alam, oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui apakah kejadian bencana alam mempengaruhi keputusan rumah tangga untuk memiliki rumah di Indonesia. Paper ini mengadopsi metode harga hedonik untuk menjelaskan dampak dari bencana alam yang terjadi belakangan ini terhadap harga rumah di Indonesia menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang empat tahun 2014. Harga imputed rent digabung dengan karakteristik standar metode harga hedonik dan kejadian bencana. Estimasi menunjukkan bahwa dari beberapa jenis bencana alam, kejadian letusan gunung berapi berdampak signifikan terhadap harga. Hasil ini menyiratkan bahwa kejadian bencana alam memang mempengaruhi keputusan rumah tangga untuk memiliki rumah, terutama kejadian letusan gunung berapi. Implikasi kebijakan utama yang disarankan pada paper ini adalah meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan dampak bencana alam terutama letusan gunung berapi terhadap pasar perumahan.

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Indonesia is a country that is prone to many types of natural disaster, such as volcanic eruption, landslide, and tsunami. Houses bear a high proportion of damage from natural disasters, and since a house is one of the most important assets of people's lives, it is important to know whether the occurrence of these natural hazards affects household's decision to own a house in Indonesia. This paper adopts the hedonic pricing method to explain the impact of recent natural disaster onto housing price in Indonesia using data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave five in 2014. The imputed rent price is coupled with disaster occurrence and other standard characteristics in the hedonic pricing method. The estimation shows that among various types of natural hazard, the occurrence of volcanic hazard has a significant impact on the imputed rent price. This result implies that natural hazard indeed affects people's decision to own a property, especially the volcanic disaster. The main policy implication for this paper is to increase people's awareness of natural disaster's impact especially that of volcanic hazards, on the housing market in Indonesia."

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Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap penurunan kemiskinan pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2000-2016 dengan menggunakan metode fixed effects. Regional tariff exposure digunakan untuk mengukur liberalisasi perdagangan pada tingkat kabupaten/kota yang dihitung dengan menggabungkan informasi mengenai struktur ekonomi pada masing-masing kabupaten/kota dengan tarif produk per sektor. Penelitian ini membedakan antara tarif output dan tarif input. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa tarif output dan tarif input bervariasi menurut wilayah selama periode penelitian. Penelitian ini mencakup serangkaian metode fixed effects: fixed effects kabupaten/kota dan juga time-fixed effects yang mengontrol tren waktu agregat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak tarif output dan tarif input terhadap tingkat kemiskinan kabupaten/kota (P0) berbeda. Tarif output berkorelasi negatif dengan kemiskinan, sedangkan tarif input berkorelasi positif dengan kemiskinan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan di sektor input dapat mengurangi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa PDRB per kapita, angka melek huruf, dan panjang jalan berasosiasi negatif dengan kemiskinan. Selain itu, dampak penurunan tarif input terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan akan lebih besar jika kabupaten/kota memiliki PDRB per kapita dan tingkat melek huruf yang lebih tinggi.

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The study examines the effect of trade liberalization on poverty reduction across districts in Indonesia during the period from 2000 to 2016 using the fixed effect approach. Tariff exposure is used to measure trade liberalization, which is computed at district level by combining information on sector composition of the economy in each district and tariff lines by sectors. This study also distinguishes between tariff exposure for output products and intermediate inputs. This produces a measure indicating how changes in exposure to tariff reductions in outputs and inputs vary by region over the period. Due to the available multi-district and 17-year dataset, the study includes a set of fixed effects: the district-fixed effects, and also the time-fixed effects, which controls for aggregate time trend. The results indicate that the impact of output and input tariff on regional poverty headcount index (P0) is different. Output tariff has negative correlation with poverty while input tariff has positive correlation with poverty. This suggests that trade liberalization in input sectors could reduce poverty in Indonesia. It is also found that GRDP per capita, literacy rates, and road length are negatively associated with poverty. Also, the effect of reducing input tariffs on poverty reduction will be larger if the districts have higher GRDP per capita and higher literacy rates.

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"[ABSTRACTA number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective. The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level., A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.]"

"Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara terbesar didunia dan rawan terhadap bencana alam. Dalam penanggulangan bencana alam dibutuhkan informasi mengenai jenis bencana alam, tingkat bahaya, dan lokasi terjadinya bencana alam agar dapat ditanggulangi dengan cepat. Sosial media merupakan salah satu sumber informasi kejadian bencana alam yang dapat membantu masyarakat untuk bertindak, karena dianggap informasi yang realtime dan banyak. Walaupun terdapat beberapa sistem pemantauan bencana alam, namun informasi yang diterima oleh pengguna atau masyarakat masih tidak lengkap / kurang lengkap, contohnya pada sistem yang dikembangkan oleh BNPB, Petabencana.id dan GDASC. Sistem tersebut belum menampilkan keseluruhan tipe bencana alam dan tingkat lokasi yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini berfokus memanfaatkan data media sosial Twitter untuk digunakan dalam mendeteksi bencana alam di Indonesia dengan realtime dan lebih detail. Jenis analisa yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah klasikasi yang mengategorikan ke dalam relevan/tidak relevan, jenis bencana alam, dan tingkat bahaya bencana alam. Algoritma klasifikasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machiness (SVM). Metode ekstraksi fitur digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan memanfaatkan fitur Bag Of Words (BOW) dan Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Teknik ekstraksi informasi lokasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Named Entity Recognition (NER) pada sebuah data teks. Selanjutnya lokasi akan dikonversi menggunakan metode geocoding ke dalam koordinat latitude dan longitude untuk pembuatan peta spasial. Sehingga didapatkan sistem yang mampu mendeteksi bencana alam di Indonesia secara realtime dan detail

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Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the world and is prone to natural disasters. In dealing with natural disasters, information is needed on the types of natural disasters, the level of danger, and the location of the natural disasters so that they can be handled quickly. Social media is a source of information on natural disasters that can help people to act, because it is considered real-time and a lot of information. Although there are several natural disaster monitoring sistems, the information received by users or the community is still incomplete / incomplete, for example in the sistems developed by BNPB, Petabencana.id and GDASC. The sistem does not yet display all types of natural disasters and at a more detailed location level. This research focuses on utilizing Twitter social media data to be used in realtime and more detailed detection of natural disasters in Indonesia. The type of analysis used in this study is a classification categorizing it into relevant / irrelevant, types of natural disasters, and level of natural disaster hazards. The classification algorithm used in this study is Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machiness (SVM). The feature extraction method is used in this study by utilizing the Bag Of Words (BOW) and Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) features. The location information extraction technique used in this study is the Named Entity Recognition (NER) method on a text data. Furthermore, the location will be converted using the geocoding method into latitude and longitude coordinates for making spatial maps. So that we get a system that is able to detect natural disasters in Indonesia in real time and in detail"

"ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, yang dapat menyebabkan negara tersebut berkembang cepat. Perkembangan ini dapat terganggu oleh kutukan sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi keberadaan kutukan sumber daya alam di tingkat kabupaten dengan membagi model menjadi dua periode. Makalah ini menggunakan PDB per kapita, rasio belanja pendidikan, rasio belanja infrastruktur, dan tingkat melek huruf sebagai variabel independen. Untuk mengukur fenomena kutukan sumber daya alam, model penelitian menggunakan kabupaten penghasil sebagai variabel dummy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kutukan sumber daya alam muncul di Indonesia dan lebih dalam pada periode kedua. Makalah ini juga membandingkan tingkat kemiskinan di setiap pulau dengan memodifikasi variabel kabupaten penghasil menjadi variabel pulau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pulau Jawa, Sumatera, dan Sulawesi memiliki tingkat kemiskinan yang sama. Dibandingkan dengan pulau-pulau ini, pulau Kalimantan dan Bali memiliki tingkat kemiskinan yang lebih rendah, dan pulau-pulau Maluku, Papua, dan Nusa Tenggara memiliki tingkat kemiskinan yang lebih tinggi. Akhirnya, tulisan ini mengusulkan bahwa program pemerintah Indonesia untuk pengentasan kemiskinan harus memperhatikan faktor kutukan sumber daya alam.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia has abundant natural resources, which could lead the country to fast development. This development could be disturbed by the natural resource curse. This research explores the presence of the natural resource curse on the district level by dividing the model into two periods. This paper uses GDP per capita, education expenditure ratio, infrastructure expenditure ratio, and literacy rate as independent variables. To measure the natural resource curse phenomenon, the model uses producing districts as dummy variables. The results show that the natural resource curse appears in Indonesia and is growing deeper in the second period. This paper compares the poverty rate on each island by modifying the producing districts’ dummy variable with the island’s dummy variable. The result indicates that Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi islands have the same poverty rate. Compared to these islands, Kalimantan and Bali islands have lower poverty rates, and Maluku, Papua, and Nusa Tenggara islands have higher poverty rates. Finally, this paper proposes that the Indonesia government programs in poverty alleviation become aware of the natural resource curse. "

"Kendati migrasi tenaga kerja ke luar negeri telah menjadi bagian dari strategi pembangunan pemerintah Indonesia, perhatian akan dampak dari remitansi terhadap ekonomi masih minim, termasuk juga penelitian mengenainya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengisi lokus tersebut dengan melakukan analisis pengaruh remitansi terhadap kesejahteraan pada tingkat subnasional dengan indikator konsumsi per kapita, pertumbuhan konsumsi dan tingkat kemiskinan. Analisis dilakukan untuk periode tahun 2007 hingga 2009 dengan individu tujuh belas daerah naungan BP3TKI yang mencakup 33 provinsi Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS), remitansi ditemukan terbukti berdampak positif secara signifikan terhadap konsumsi per kapita daerah, namun tidak terbukti berdampak terhadap tingkat kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan konsumsi daerah.

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Although internasional labor migration has become a part of the Indonesian government's development strategy, attention to the impact of remittances on the economy is still minimum, including from research perspective. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this locus by analyzing the effect of remittances on welfare at subnational level with per capita consumption, consumption growth and poverty rate.

Analyzes were conducted for the period of 2007 to 2009 with seventeen regions covering 33 provinces of Indonesia. By using simple Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, remittances are found to significantly increase per capita household consumption, but cannot be proved to have impacts on poverty rate and consumption growth."