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"ABSTRACTOn 8 June 1977,the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmationand Developmentof International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts adopted two Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. This was the result of nearly ten years of intensive and delicate negotiations. Additional Protocol I protects the victims of international armed conflicts, while Additional Protocol II protects the victims of non-international armed conflicts. These Protocols, which do not replace but supplement the 1949 Geneva Conventions, updated both the law protecting war victims and the law on the conduct of hostilities. This article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the adoption of the 1977 Additional Protocols."

"ABSTRACTThis article attempts to situate the Office on Missing Persons (OMP) in Sri Lanka in relation to varying approaches to mechanisms for searching for the missing. In particular, the article examines the possible tensions between a humanitarian and an accountability-based mandate and supports the position of the International Committee of the Red Cross that these two approaches can in fact be complementary in nature. It goes on to contend that the OMPs mandate is primarily humanitarian rather than exclusively humanitarian, and analyzes how this distinction may impact possible criminal prosecutions. It emphasizes the importance of preserving the humanitarian character of the OMP with the objective of ensuring that the victimsrights are at the centre of transitional justice processes."

"Dinamika perkembangan hukum pidana di Indonesia mulai mengarah kepada restorative justice. Hal ini didukung dengan kehadiran Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan tahun 2022 dan Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Baru tahun 2023 yang memiliki semangat restorative justice dalam pelaksanaannya. Implikasi kedua undang-undang tersebut terhadap Pemasyarakatan juga turut memperluas tugas dan fungsi di setiap proses peradilan pidana khususnya untuk pelaku dewasa. Meskipun demikian, untuk sistem peradilan pidana umum, Pemasyarakatan belum memiliki model mengenai pelaksanaan restorative justice. Oleh karena itu, sebagai tindak lanjut dari kedua Undang-Undang tersebut maka diperlukan suatu model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari model restorative justice Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks berbeda yaitu dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain dan dalam fungsi Pemasyaratan seperti pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen peraturan-peraturan terkait pelaksanaan restorative justice di Indonesia serta wawancara studi lapangan. Kemudian peneliti menggunakan teknik delphi untuk memvalidasi rencana model yang telah diusulkan berdasarkan kerangka teoritik Evidence-Based Practice. Hasil penelitian memperoleh konsensus terhadap lima model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks tersebut. Model dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain ditujukan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada penegak hukum melalui penelitian kemasyarakatan (litmas) yang dilakukan oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan. Sedangkan model dalam fungsi pembinaan dan pembimbingan dilakukan untuk memperbaiki hubungan antara pelaku, masyarakat dan korban melalui program pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Untuk mendukung pelaksanaan model yang telah disusun, diperlukan dasar hukum yang mengikat seluruh aparat penegak hukum, reformulasi terhadap litmas dan penguatan struktur lembaga-lembaga terkait.

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The dynamics of the development of criminal law in Indonesia are starting to lead to restorative justice. This is supported by the presence of the Corrections Law of 2022 and the New Criminal Law Law of 2023 which have a spirit of restorative justice in their implementation. The implications of these two laws for Pemasyarakatan also expand the duties and functions in every criminal justice process, especially for adult offenders. However, for the criminal justice system, Pemasyarakatan do not yet have a model for implementing restorative justice. Therefore, as a follow-up to these two laws, a restorative justice implementation model is needed that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan. This research was conducted to look for a restorative correctional justice model in two different contexts, namely in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems and in Pemasyarakatan functions such as rehabilitation and guidance. The research method used was a study of regulatory documents related to the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia and field interviews. Then Delphi technique was used to validate the proposed model based on the Evidence-Based Practice theoretical framework. The research results obtained a consensus on five models of implementing restorative justice that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan in these two contexts. The model in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems is aimed at providing recommendations to law enforcers through social inquiry reports (litmas) carried out by Probation Officers. Meanwhile, the model in the coaching and mentoring function is carried out to improve the relationship between the perpetrator, the community and the victim through a rehabilitation and guidance program. To support the model that has been prepared, a legal basis is needed that binds all law enforcement officials, reformulation of social inquiry reports and strengthening the structure of related institutions."

"Tujuan penegakan hukum bukanlah untuk menerapkan hukum, melainkan untuk mencapai ketertiban, kedamaian, ketentraman, dalam tatanan masyarakat yang harmonis dan adil. Saat melakukan tindak pidana, anak dipandang tidak mandiri secara kejiwaan, dan bukan pula miniatur orang dewasa. Anak yang menjadi pelaku pidana juga dapat dipandang sebagai korban, yakni korban dari keadaan disekitarnya. Dalam sistem peradilan pidana, mediasi penal dilatar belakangi pemikiran yang dikaitkan dengan ide-ide pembaharuan hukum pidana (penal reform), dan dikaitkan dengan masalah pragmatisme. Latar belakang ide-ide "penal reform" itu antara lain ide perlindungan korban, ide harmonisasi, ide restorative justice, ide mengatasi kekakuan/formalitas dalam sistem yang berlaku, ide menghindari efek negatif dari sistem peradilan pidana dan sistem pemidanaan yang ada saat ini, khususnya dalam mencari alternatif lain dari pidana. Latar belakang pragmatisme antara lain untuk mengurangi stagnasi atau penumpukan perkara, serta untuk penyederhanaan proses peradilan, salah satu caranya adalah dengan mekanisme "mediasi penal". Keadilan restoratif memfokuskan keadilan bagi korban sesuai keinginan dan kepentingan pribadi, tetapi tetap membuat pelaku bertanggung jawab terhadap kejahatan yang dilakukannya. Keadilan restoratif menawarkan pemulihan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat. Aparat penegak hukum, pelaku, dan korban bisa bersepakat untuk mengalihkan kasus tersebut agar tidak dibawa hingga ke proses pemeriksaan dipengadilan jika pelakunya adalah anak-anak. Berdasarkan semua hal diatas, maka skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai studi perbandingan kasus mengenai penerapan mediasi penal dalam penanganan Kasus Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum.

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Law enforcement purpose was not to apply the law, but rather to achieve order, peace, tranquility, in a harmonious society and fair. When doing crime, psychiatric child was not independent, and it was not a miniature adult. Children who become perpetrators of crime can also be seen as victims, the victims of circumstances around it. In the criminal justice system, penal mediation against the background of thought associated with the ideas of criminal law reform (penal reform), and problems associated with pragmatism. Background ideas "penal reform" that among other things the protection of victims of an idea, the idea of harmonization, the idea of restorative justice, the idea to overcome the stiffness/formality in the existing system, the idea of avoiding the negative effects of the criminal justice system and criminal system that exists today, particularly in search of an alternative to the criminal.

Background of pragmatism among others to reduce stagnation or accumulation case, as well as to simplify the process of justice, one way is the mechanism 'penal mediation'. Restorative justice focuses justice for the victims at will and self-interest, but still makes the perpetrator responsible for his crime. Restorative justice offers recovery for all parties involved. Law enforcement officers, the offender, and the victim can agree to transfer the case not to be brought up to the inspection process in court if the perpetrators are children. Based on all the above, then this paper will discuss the Application of Penal Mediation Settlement In Case Crime Carried Out By Children Against the Law (Comparison Case Study of Court Decisions)."