Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Background: early detection of H. pylori is essential to prevent the development of infections into gastric malignancies. The coccoid form of H. pylori is difficult to detect either by culture or histopathology; however, it can be detected using molecular methods, such as real-time PCR. The study was expected to provide new information on the development of H. pylori detection. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between October 2016 and August 2017. The sampling method used was consecutive sampling. Biopsy from gastric antrum and corpus were performed in 64 patients. We collected 2 specimens from each site to be examined using real-time PCR and histopathology. Initially, we conducted real-time PCR optimization followed by application of clinical samples from gastric biopsy. Data analysis using McNemars χ2 and Kappa tests. Results: the real-time PCR showed 25% positivity, while the positive proportion of histopathological examination was 14%. Real-time PCR has a sensitivity and specificity 88.9% dan 85.5%, respectively. The McNemars x2 test showed that there is significantly different (p=0.039) between the two tests; kappa value (p=0.561). Conclusion: the real-time PCR examination is more sensitive than histopathology. This technique can improve diagnosis by 11% compared to histopathological examination.

---

Latar belakang: deteksi dini H. pylori sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah berkembangnya infeksi menjadi keganasan lambung. Bentuk kokoid dari H. pylori sulit dideteksi dengan biakan dan histopatologi, namun dapat terdeteksi dengan metode molekuler misalnya real-time PCR. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi baru tentang pengembangan deteksi H. pylori.

Metode: studi potong lintang dilakukan di Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) sejak Oktober 2016 hingga Agustus 2017. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu consecutive sampling. Biopsi dari antrum dan korpus lambung dilakukan terhadap 64 pasien. Dua spesimen masing-masing dari antrum dan korpus dikumpulkan untuk pemeriksaan real-time PCR dan histopatologi. Mula-mula dilakukan optimasi kondisi real-time PCR, kemudian aplikasi pada sampel klinis. Analisis data menggunakan uji McNemar’s χ2 dan Kappa.

Hasil: proporsi positif hasil pemeriksaan real-time PCR sebesar 25%; sedangkan proporsi positif pemeriksaan histopatologi sebesar 14%. Real-time PCR memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 88,9% dan 85,5%. Hasil uji Mc Nemar χ2 menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,039) antara kedua uji dengan nilai kappa (p=0,561).

Kesimpulan: pemeriksaan real-time PCR lebih sensitif dibandingkan dengan histopatologi. Teknik ini mampu meningkatkan diagnosis sebesar 11% dibandingkan pemeriksaan histopatologi."

"ABSTRAKHelicobacter pylori diperkirakan menginfeksi lebih dari setengah populasi orang dewasa. Deteksi dini H.pylori sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah berkembangnya infeksi menjadi keganasan lambung. Bentuk coccoid dari H. pylori sulit dideteksi dengan kultur dan histopatologi, namun dapat terdeteksi dengan metode molekuler seperti real-time PCR. Salah satu gen yang dapat digunakan sebagai gen target real-time PCR yaitu 16S rRNA, yang diketahui spesifik dan juga digunakan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan antar strain. Analisis ini bermanfaat untuk melihat penyebaran infeksi H.pylori di dunia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu, metode consecutive sampling. Biopsi diambil dari 2 antrum dan 2 korpus pada 42 penderita dispepsia untuk pemeriksaan real-time PCR dan histopatologi. Optimasi kondisi real-time PCR meliputi uji volume cetakan DNA, sensitifitas dan spesifisitas teknik, kemudian dilanjutkan aplikasi pada sampel klinis dari biopsi lambung. Delapan dari 11 sampel yang positif dilakukan sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik. Hasil optimasi diperoleh suhu annealing 64?C, konsentrasi primer 0,8 ?M dan konsentrasi probe 0,6 ?M. Ambang batas deteksi real-time PCR untuk mendeteksi jumlah DNA minimal H.pylori yaitu 46 bakteri. Spesifisitas uji reaksi silang real-time PCR ini tidak menunjukkan adanya reaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme lain. Proporsi positif hasil pemeriksaan real-time PCR sebesar 26,2 , sedangkan histopatologi sebesar 11,9 . Pemeriksaan real-time PCR mampu meningkatkan diagnosis sebesar 14,3 dibandingkan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa strain H.pylori dari sampel memiliki kekerabatan dengan strain Taiwan, India, dan Australia. Kata kunci : H.pylori, histopatologi, real-time PCR, analisis filogenetik

---

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori infection is estimated infect almost half of the adult population in the world. Early detection of H.pylori is needed to prevent the development of infections into gastric malignancies. The coccoid form of H. pylori is difficult to detect using culture and histopathology but it can be detected by molecular methods such as real time PCR. One of the genes that can be used as a real time PCR target gene is 16S rRNA, which is known to be specific and also used to analyze closely related strain. This analysis were useful to showed the spread of H.pylori infection in the world.This study is an experimental laboratory. The sampling method used is the consecutive sampling method. Biopsy was taken from 2 antrum and 2 corpus in 42 patients with dyspepsia for real time PCR and histopathology examination. Optimization real time PCR conditions include DNA template volume testing, sensitivity and specificity of the technique, followed by application of clinical samples from gastric biopsy. Eight of the 11 positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for phylogenetics pattern. The optimization result obtained annealing temperature 64 C, primer concentration was 0,8 M and probe concentration was 0,6 M. Limit detection of the DNA was 46 bacteria. The specificity of the PCR 39 s real time indicate that there was no cross reaction with other microorganisms. The positive proportion of PCR real time examination was 26.2 , while histopathology was 11.9 . A real time PCR examination was able to improve the diagnosis by 14,3 compared to histopathology examination. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis results showed that our strain were closely related to Taiwan, India and Australia strains. Keywords H.pylori, histopathology, real time PCR, phylogenetic analysis"

"Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit kanker yang berkembang dari jaringan epitel duktus dan kelenjar susu dalam payudara. Kanker payudara merupakan kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di dunia dan telah mengalami kenaikan jumlah kasus yang signifikan (16,6%) per tahun 2020 di Indonesia. Pengobatan dengan kemoterapi telah umum dilakukan namun dilaporkan memiliki banyak efek samping. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan prediksi kemosensitivitas pada pasien sebelum obat diberikan. Prediksi kemosensitivitas dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kultur primer metode eksplan sebagai patient-derived model in vitro yang menggunakan sel primer langsung dari pasien dan dapat memprediksi respons klinis terhadap obat. Adanya ekspresi relatif gen c-Myc selaku oncogene addiction gene dapat menjadi biomarker potensial pada kultur eksplan setelah diberi perlakuan Doxorubicin. Pada penelitian ini, ekspresi c-Myc pada jaringan asal dan kultur eksplan serta pada kultur eksplan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan diukur menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif RT-PCR dengan tahapan isolasi RNA, kuantifikasi, amplifikasi, dan visualisasi dengan elektroforesis. Kultur eksplan yang berhasil ditumbuhkan adalah sampel luminal A dan B. Sampel A menunjukkan migrasi sel hingga konfluensi 50%. Sementara uji viabilitas pada hasil kultur sampel B menunjukkan persentase viabilitas kultur non-treatment 60% dan treatment dosis 0,68 μM 41%. Hasil visualisasi elektroforesis tidak menunjukkan adanya ekspresi c-Myc di seluruh sampel.

---

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor formacy on ductus epithelial tissue and mammary gland of the breast. The prevalence number of breast cancer is currently leading among other cancers in the world and significantly increasing especially in Indonesia (16,6% new cases in 2020). Treatment using chemotherapy agents is the most common option for patients but has many side effects. Chemosensitivity prediction using an in vitro model is recommended for more personalized treatment, and can be performed using primary culture (explant method) as an in vitro patient-derived model that uses primary cells directly from the patient and can predict pathological response to chemotherapy agents. c-Myc gene as an oncogene addiction gene can be a potential biomarker of explant cultures after being treated by Doxorubicin.

In this study, c-Myc expression in fresh tissue and explant culture, also in culture prior to and after treatment, was measured using a semi quantitative RT-PCR method involving the process of RNA isolation, quantification, amplification, and visualization using electrophoresis. Luminal A and Luminal B samples of explant culture were successfully grown and harvested. A sample showed cell migration up to 50% confluency. Meanwhile, the viability test on the results of the B culture showed the viability percentage of non-treatment culture was 60% and 0,68 μM treatment dose culture 41%. The results of electrophoretic visualization consistently showed downregulation of c-Myc in the form of a very low expression in all samples."

"Limfoma Maligna adalah penyakit kanker atau keganasan yang berasal dari sistemlimfatik dan imunitas tubuh. Kanker ini bersifat heterogenitas yang menyebabkankelainan umum berupa pembesaran kelenjar limfe, spelnomegali, hepatomegali dankelainan sum-sum tulang. Manifestasi klinis dari penyakit ini salah satunya yaitumenimbulkan gejala sistemik berupa hipertermia intermitten atau demam yangberkepanjangan. hipertermia pada Limfoma Maligna disebabkan oleh pelepasan sitokin,faktor interleukin-2, dan interleukin-6, atau zat kimia yang di picu dari sel kanker, selmononuclear yang menginfiltrasi di sekitarnya, atau dari peradangan sekunder akibatreaksi nekrosis sel kanker. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan pasien mengalami dehidrasikarena kehilangan cairan tubuh. Perawat sebagai tenaga medis profesional memilikiperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar pasien, salah satunya adalah memenuhikebutuhan dasar terkait cairan. Manajemen cairan pada pasien Limfoma malignabertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan cairan, mencegah atau mengurangi dehidrasi, danmenyeimbangkan suhu tubuh. Intervensi yang dilakukan perawat yaitu monitoringstatus hidrasi, mengatur intake cairan oral klien, mengukur balance cairan, danmemantau nilai elektrolit, dan hematokrit. Sedangkan intervensi kolaboratif yaitudengan terapi cairan yang mengandung koloid dan kristaloid, dan penggunaan obatantipiretik yang diresepkan. Manajemen cairan yang baik dan optimal diharapkanmampu memenuhi kebutuhan cairan pasien limfoma maligna dengan hipertermia.

---

Malignant lymphoma is a cancer or malignancy from the lymphatic system and bodyimmunity. This cancer is heterogeneous which causes general abnormalities form thenode of lymph, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and bone marrow abnormalities. One ofthe clinical manifestations is systemic symptoms such as intermittent hyperthermia orprolonged fever. Hyperthermia in Malignant Lymphoma is caused by the release ofcytokines, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6, or triggered chemicals from cancer cells,mononuclear cells that infiltrate around it, or from secondary inflammation due toreaction of cancer cell necrosis. This condition can make a patients to becomedehydrated due to loss of body fluids. Nurses as medical professionals have animportant role in meeting the basic needs of patients. Fluid management in patientsMalignant lymphoma aims to meet fluid needs, prevent or reduce dehydration, andbalance body temperature. Interventions conducted by nurses are monitoring statushydration, regulating the client's oral fluid intake, measuring fluid balance, andmonitoring electrolyte and hematocrit values. While collaborative intervention is bytreating fluid containing colloids and crystalloids, and using prescribed antipyreticdrugs. Optimal fluid management is expected to Sufficient the fluid of malignantlymphoma patients with hyperthermia

"

"ABSTRAKToksoplasmosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Toxoplasma gondii. Penyakit infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan kondisi fatal bila terjadi pada pasien imunokompromis, misalnya adalah toksoplasma ensefalitis (TE) yang menyerang sistem saraf pusat. Untuk menegakkan diagnosis Toxoplasma sebagai penyebab kelainan SSP (sistem saraf pusat) pada pasien HIV sangat sulit, sehingga diperlukan metode pemeriksaan lain sebagai alternatif, salah satunya adalah pemeriksaan PCR mendeteksi gen B1 dari Toxoplasma gondii. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode PCR pada sampel CSS (cairan serebrospinal) yang sesuai untuk menegakkan diagnosis TE dan mengetahui keunggulan dan kelemahan pemeriksaan PCR dibandingkan pemeriksaan IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada cairan serebrospinal. Penelitian dilakukan pada cairan serebrospinal pasien HIV/AIDS dengan gangguan serebral. Hasil pemeriksaan PCR dari 88 sampel CSS pasien HIV yang datang ke Laboratorium Parasitologi FK UI, adalah 23 (26,1%) positif dan 65 (73,9%) negative T. gondii. Ada hubungan postif bermakna antara pemeriksaan PCR dengan pemeriksaan IgG anti-Toxoplasma dari CSS.

---

ABSTRACT

Toksoplasmosis is a disease caused by infection of Toxoplasma gondii. This infection can caused a life threatening condition in immunocompromised patients, for example toxoplasma ensefalitis (TE) which attack central nervous system. It is very difficult to diagnose Toxoplasma as a cause of CNS infection in HIV patient, so we need another methods as alternative, one of which is one of which is a PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene. This research aims to develop a PCR method on samples Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) that suitable for TE diagnosis and determine the advantages and disadvantages PCR methods compared to detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG from CSF. The study was conducted in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV / AIDS with cerebral disorders. PCR examination results of 88 samples CSS HIV patients who came to the Laboratory of Parasitology FK UI, was 23 (26.1%) positive and 65 (73.9%) negative T. gondii. There is a significant positive relationship between PCR and detection anti-Toxoplasma IgG from CSF."

"ABSTRAKHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes various abnormalities in the stomach. Only particular strain can cause severe problems in the stomach. CagA is a microbial virulent factor which is associated with more severe stomach problems, such as: peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. We would like to know the prevalence of CagA in Balinese population, and the association of H. Pylori CagA status with the severity of endoscopic appearance in dyspepsia patients.Method: Study design being used was analytic cross sectional study, involving 71 dyspepsia patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in Surya Husada Hospital and Balimed Hospital in June-December 2013. Sample was chosen in consecutive manner. Later, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations of the stomach mucous biopsy tissue to determine H. pylori infection status and CagA status were performed. Further, Chi square test was used to identify the difference in proportion of H. pylori and CagA between mild and severe endoscopic appearance.Results: In this study, we found that the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.5% using PCR examination. Prevalence of CagA positive in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. There was significant association between status of H. Pylori infection and severity of endoscopic appearance (p = 0.038; OR= 2.67; 95% CI = 1.18-6.05). Status of CagA in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with the severity of endoscopic appearance. Additionally, there was significant association between patients’ age and severity of endoscopic appearance.Conclusion: The prevalence of CagA in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. H. pylori infection was associated with severity of endoscopic appearance and CagA status in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with severity of endoscopic appearance."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Anti Mullerian Hormon (AMH) adalah anggota dari golongan Transforming Growth Factor-β yang berperan dalam pengaturan folikuligenesis pada reproduksi wanita. Peningkatan kadar AMH 2 sampai 3 kali dijumpai pada pasien SOPK (Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik) daripada wanita dengan ovulasi normal. Pada penelitian ini dideteksi varian sekuen disepanjang daerah promoter gen AMH. Adanya variasi promoter gen AMH diduga mempengaruhi proses transkripsi gen AMH yang selanjutnya berimplikasi pada pembentukan protein AMH. Apabila terjadi gangguan pada pembentukan protein AMH maka akan berpengaruh terhadap kadar protein tersebut di dalam darah. BAHAN DAN CARA KERJA: Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 114 pasien yang terdiri dari 60 pasien SOPK dan 54 pasien non SOPK (Kontrol). Kadar AMH dan Jumlah folikel antral didapatkan dari data rekam medik pasien Klinik IVF Yasmin, RSCM Kencana Jakarta. Analisis molekuler dan genotyping dilakukan dengan teknik PCR dan sekuensing kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis bioinformatika. HASIL : Dari penelitian ini ditemukan 60 titik varian mutasi promoter gen AMH. Jenis varian mutasi terbesar yang ditemukan adalah -674 G/A (100 %), -245 C/CT (88,2 %), dan -444 A/G (17,9 %) dari seluruh sampel. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, pada kelompok SOPK ditemukan jumlah mutasi yang terjadi berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kadar AMH dan jumlah folikel antral (p<0,05). Pada kelompok kontrol ditemukan bahwa jumlah mutasi tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kadar AMH (p>0,05), tetapi berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap jumlah folikel antral (p<0.05). Ditemukan 60 titik varian pada promoter gen AMH. Jumlah mutasi pada promoter gen AMH berpengaruh terhadap kadar AMH dan jumlah folikel antral pada SOPK. Mutasi pada titik -674 G/A merupakan titik mutasi baru yang belum pernah dilaporkan oleh NCBI, ditemukan pada seluruh subyek penelitian baik kelompok SOPK maupun non SOPK.

---

INTRODUCTION : Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β group which plays an important role in the regulation of the female reproductive folliculogenesis. A 2-3 fold increase in AMH levels was found in patients with PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) compared to women with normal ovulation. This study detected sequence variants in the AMH gene promoter region. The AMH gene promoter variation is thought to affect AMH gene transcription process implicated in the formation of proteins. In the event of disruption in the formation of these AMH proteins, the levels of these proteins in the blood will be affected. The purpose of this study was to detect variants of AMH gene promoter sequences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample size was 114 patients consisting of 60 PCOS patients and 54 non-PCOS patients as control. The AMH levels and anthral follicle number obtained from the patients? medical records of the Yasmin IVF Clinic, RSCM Kencana Hospital, Jakarta. Molecular analysis and genotyping were performed by PCR and sequencing was followed by bioinformatics analysis.

RESULTS: There were 60 point mutations in the AMH gene promoter variants. The highest variant types of mutations found was -674 G/A (100%), followed by -245 C/CT (88.2%), and -444 A/G (17.9%) in the entire sample. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, the number of mutations in the PCOS group were significant to effect the serum AMH level and the anthral follicle number (p<0.05). In the control group, the number of mutations had no significant effect on the levels of AMH (p>0.05), but significantly affected the number of anthral follicles (P<0.05). There were 60 point variances in the AMH gene promoter. The number of mutations in the gene promoter affected serum AMH levels and the number of anthral follicles in PCOS. A new point mutation was found in all subjects at position -674 G/A, which have not been reported by the NCBI."

"Dyspepsia is a common complain in clinical practice. Correlation between helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and functional dyspepsia had been reported in many studies, but studies that analyzed the severity of dyspepsia and H. pylori were limited and the result were controversial. This study is about to know the correlation between the severity of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection. A retrospective descriptive analysis to patients with dyspepsia at Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan was done in 2010-2014. Simple random sampling was done to get 44 patient with dyspepsia, 22 are H. pylori positive and 22 patients are H. pylori negative. The severity of dyspepsia assessed with porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire (PADYQ) scoring instrument. Univariate and bivariate analysis (Chi-square and spearman correlation) were done using SPSS version 22. Epigastric pain is teh most common symptom in dyspepsia patients. There is a correlation between ulcer type dyspepsia and H. pylori infection (p=0.030), while dysmotility type and mixed type were not correlated. The severity of epigastric pain has significant positive correlation with H. pylori (r=0.386;p=0.01), while the severity of other symptoms such as nausea, vomit, and abdominal bloating have negative correlation with H.pylori. Dyspepsia total scoring is significantly lower in H. pylori positive than in H.pylori negative (p=0.033). There is a positive correlation between the severity of nausea, vamit, and abdominal bloating and H.pylori infection, and correlation between lower dyspepsia total scoring and H.pylori pain."

"Dyspepsia is one of numerous general complaints, which is commonly encountered by doctors of various disciplines. In daily practice, the complaint is not only limited for gastroenterologists. Knowledge on pathophysiology of dyspepsia have been developing continuously since a scientific investigation has been started in 1980s, which considers Helicobacter pylori as one of key factor in managing dyspepsia, either it is associated with ulcer or non-ulcer. The management of dyspepsia cannot be separated from the management of H. pylori and there is an additional new knowledge associated with definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of both dyspepsia and H. pylori infection.This consensus document on the management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been developed using the evidence-based medicine principles; therefore, it can be used as a reference for doctors in dealing with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection cases in their daily practice. It is expected that with the new consensus, doctors can provide greater service to their patients who have dyspepsia and H. pylori infection.

---

Dispepsia merupakan salah satu dari berbagai keluhan umum yang dapat ditemui oleh dokter di berbagai bidang, tidak terbatas hanya pada ahli saluran cerna saja dalam praktik kesehariannya. Pengertian mengenai patofisiologi dispepsia terus berkembang sejak dimulainya investigasi secara ilmiah pada 1980-an sampai dengan saat ini yang memandang infeksi Helicobacter pylori sebagai salah satu faktor kunci dalam menangani dispepsia, baik terkait ulkus maupun non-ulkus. Penatalaksanaan dispepsia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari penatalaksaan infeksi H.pylori, serta penambahan pengetahuan baru terkait definisi, patofisiologi, diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan dispepsia dan infeksi H.pylori.Konsensus penatalaksanaan dispepsia dan infeksi H.pylori di Indonesia ini dibuat berdasarkan evidence based medicine, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan para dokter dalam menangani kasus-kasus dispepsia dan infeksi H.pylori di tempat praktik sehari-hari. Dengan adanya konsensus terbaru ini diharapkan para dokter dapat lebih meningkatkan pelayanannya kepada pasien-pasien dispepsia dan infeksi H.pylo"