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"Societies work best where citizens trust their fellow citizens, work cooperatively for common goals, and thus share a civic culture. The accumulation of reciprocal trust, as demonstrated by voluntary efforts for the creation of common goods, builds social capital and contributes to effective government. This volume advances the study of social capital across chronological and geographical space. It examines voluntary associations, comparatively and cross-culturally, as important indicators of citizen readiness for civic engagement. An important conclusion, along the way, is that social capital may not be continuous, or endure. Several of the authors wonder if the accumulation and diminution of social capital will prove cyclical. Or has there been a societal deterioration as we enter a more anonymous age? This book is ultimately about the pattern of social and civic interactions in past times, and how these patterns may no longer exist."

"Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa dalam situasi tertentu pemimpin yang melakukan transgresi tetap didukung oleh pengikut dan proses tersebut dipengaruhi oleh prototipikalitas. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya masih membandingkan antara pemimpin transgresif, bukan antara pemimpin transgresif dan normatif, serta belum mengeksplorasi pengaruh perbedaan individu pengikut. Berdasarkan teori kepemimpinan identitas dan ketidakpastian diri, penelitian ini membandingkan pengesahan pemimpin transgresif vs. normatif yang dimoderasi prototipikalitas pemimpin. Penelitian ini juga menguji pengaruh ketidakpastian diri terhadap prototipikalitas dalam interaksi tiga arah. Eksperimen daring (N = 190), mengukur ketidakpastian diri partisipan dan menggunakan vignette dengan kondisi 2 (transgresif dan normatif) x 2 (prototipikal dan nonprototipikal), dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis. Analisis regresi majemuk menunjukkan bahwa pemimpin transgresif mendapatkan pengesahan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pemimpin normatif. Perbedaan tersebut lebih kecil ketika pemimpin prototipikal dan pengikut memiliki ketidakpastian diri tinggi. Namun, pengaruh moderasi prototipikalitas dan interaksi tiga arah dengan ketidakpastian diri tidak signifikan. Analisis eksploratori menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara pemimpin prototipikal dan nonprototipikal yang dimoderasi oleh transgresi pemimpin dan ketidakpastian diri pengikut. Beberapa saran perbaikan penelitian didiskusikan meliputi desain studi, teknik manipulasi, dan metode analisis. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini berhasil mengobservasi beberapa temuan yang sejalan dengan penelitian terdahulu.

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Previous studies have shown that in some situations leaders who transgress are still supported by their followers and leader prototypicality contributes to this process. However, previous studies primarily compared evaluations between transgressive leaders and not between normative and transgressive leaders; investigation on the influence of follower’s individual differences is also limited. Based on identity leadership theory and uncertainty identity theory, this study compared endorsement for transgressive vs. normative leader, moderated by prototypicality. This study also tested the role of followers’ self-uncertainty on prototypicality in a three way interaction. Online experiment (N = 190), measuring self-uncertainty and utilizing vignette with 2 (transgressive and normative) x 2 (prototypical and nonprototypical) between subject conditions, is conducted to test the hypotheses. Analysis using multiple regression showed transgressive leader received lower endorsement compared to normative leader. Aforementioned difference was attenuated when the leader was prototypical and follower’s self-uncertainty was high. However, those moderational effects were not significant. Exploratory analysis revealed differences in endorsement received based on leader prototypicality, which were moderated by leader transgression and follower self-uncertainty. Some suggestions for improving the study are discussed including suggestions on study design, manipulation, and analytical technique. Overall, this study observed several findings in line with previous study. "

"Political sociology is a large and expanding field with many new developments, and The New Handbook of Political Sociology supplies the knowledge necessary to keep up with this exciting field. Written by a distinguished group of leading scholars in sociology, this volume provides a survey of this vibrant and growing field in the new millennium. The Handbook presents the field in six parts: theories of political sociology, the information and knowledge explosion, the state and political parties, civil society and citizenship, the varieties of state policies, and globalization and how it affects politics. Covering all subareas of the field with both theoretical orientations and empirical studies, it directly connects scholars with current research in the field. A total reconceptualization of the first edition, the new handbook features nine additional chapters and highlights the impact of the media and big data."