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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tiamin merupakan kelompok vitamin B yang dibutuhkan manusia namun harus diperoleh dari sumber luar. Tiamin memiliki banyak fungsi penting dalam tubuh, sehingga kekurangan tiamin dapat menyebabkan masalah serius. Pemeriksaan kadar tiamin dalam tubuh dengan metode yang tersedia saat ini membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, lahirlah ide untuk menggunakan prinsip ELISA dengan memanfaatkan protein pengikat tiamin dari sumber yang mudah diperoleh dan murah untuk skrining. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya protein pengikat tiamin pada ketan hitam (Oryza sativa L.).Metode: Isolasi protein pengikat tiamin dari ketan hitam (Oryza sativa L.) dilakukan dengan metode salting out, dialisis, dan dialisis kesetimbangan. Salting out menggunakan konsentrasi garam amonium sulfat 90%.Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini, konsentrasi protein total adalah 5.190,48 g/mL setelah tahap salting out. Adanya protein pengikat tiamin dalam protein total dapat dibuktikan dengan dialisis ekuilibrium. Protein pengikat tiamin dari ketan hitam (Oryza sativa L.) dapat mengikat tiamin pada dialisis kesetimbangan 0,479 g/gram tepung.Kesimpulan: Ketan hitam (Oryza sativa L.) mengandung protein pengikat tiamin.ABSTRACTBackground: Thiamine is a group of B vitamins that humans need but must be obtained from external sources. Thiamine has many important functions in the body, so thiamine deficiency can cause serious problems. Examination of thiamine levels in the body with currently available methods is expensive. Based on this, the idea was born to use the ELISA principle by utilizing thiamine binding proteins from sources that are easily obtained and inexpensive for screening. This study aims to determine the presence of thiamine binding protein in black sticky rice (Oryza sativa L.).Methods: Isolation of thiamine binding protein from black sticky rice (Oryza sativa L.) was carried out by salting out, dialysis, and equilibrium dialysis methods. Salting out using a 90% concentration of ammonium sulfate salt.Results: In this study, the total protein concentration was 5,190.48 g/mL after the salting out stage. The presence of thiamine-binding protein in total protein can be demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis. Thiamine binding protein from black sticky rice (Oryza sativa L.) can bind thiamine at equilibrium dialysis of 0.479 g/gram flour.Conclusion: Black sticky rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains thiamine binding protein."

"Tiamin (Vitamin B1) adalah vitamin B yang pertama kali diidentifikasi. Tiamin berperan sebagai koenzim untuk beberapa enzim yang terlibat dalam metabolisme energi.Uji laboratorium terhadap kekurangan tiamin dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar tiamin dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar tiamin serum pada alkoholic dan penderita DM dengan teknik ELISA, HPLC, dan menggunakan protein ikat tiamin kacang hijau (PITKH) dengan teknik enzyme-labeled protein ligand assay (ELPLA). Untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ikatan antara PITKH dengan tiamin digunakan teknik dialisis kesetimbangan. Validitas teknik ELPLSBA dilakukan dengan uji presisi dan akurasi. Teknik ELISA dan HPLC digunakan sebagai pembanding pada pengukuran tiamin serum. Konsentrasi PITKH pasca kromatografi afinitas hasil pengenceran liofilisat stabil selama 30 hari pada suhu -20°C dan 3 hari pada suhu 4°C. Aktifitas pengikatan PITKH dengan tiamin optimum pada pH 7,5. Aktifitas pengikatan ini juga dipengaruhi oleh senyawa alkilasi, oksidator, dan reduktor, tetapi kurang dipengaruhi oleh ion kalsium dan logam-logam berat. Kemampuan PITKH dalam mengukur kadar tiamin serum dengan teknik ELPLA memiliki presisi dengan CV 4,1% dan akurasi dengan nilai R 96-98%. Pengukuran dengan ELISA memberikan hasil yang lebih rendah dari teknik ELPLA, sedangkan uji banding dengan HPLC diperoleh p = 0,102 (p > 0,05) ; artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara metode ELPLA dan HPLC. Pengukuran tiamin serum dengan teknik ELISA, HPLC dan ELPLA pada alkoholic dan penderita DM, lebih rendah dari serum normal.

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Thiamine (vitamin B1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a coenzyme for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The laboratory test against thiamine deficiency can be done by measuring thiamine levels in the blood. The aim of this study was to determine the serum thiamine levels in alcoholics and DM by ELISA, HPLC, and using mung bean thiamine binding protein (MBTBP) with the development of enzyme-labeled protein ligand assay (ELPLA) method. The equilibrium dialysis technique was used to see the factors affecting the bond between TBP and thiamine. The ELPLA method validity was performed with precision and accuracy tests. ELISA and HPLC methods were used as comparators for measurements of serum thiamine. The MBTBP concentration of post-chromatographic affinity resulted from dilution of lyophilisate was stable for 30 days at -20°C and 3 days at 4°C. The optimal pH for binding MBTBP to thiamine was 7,5. This binding activity was also affected by alkylation, oxidizing, and reducing agents, but it was less affected by calcium ions and heavy metals. MBTBP ability to measure serum thiamine levels with the ELPLA technique has precision with CV 4,2% and accuracy with R 96-98%. Measurements by ELISA has lower result than ELPLA. The comparison test with HPLC method obtained p = 0,102 (p > 0,05); meaning no significant difference between ELPSLBA and HPLC methods. Serum thiamine level by ELISA, HPLC and ELPLSBA techniques in alcoholic and DM patients were lower than normal serum."

"Black rice (Oryza sativa L. “Cempo Irengâ€) is one of local rice varieties in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The black color is caused by high anthocyanin content which is important source of antioxidant. The cultivation of black rice is still limited due to its tall phenotype, long vegetative stage and low productivitycompared to white rice. Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant causing dwarfing in several crop plants and reducing lodging. Blue light can improve plant quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of blue light and paclobutrazol on seed germination, vegetative growth and yield of black rice. The results showed that the average of seed germination as well as the activity of α-amylase of seeds subjected to blue light were lower compared to those subjected to sunlight; however, paclobutrazol concentrations did not affect seed germination percentage. The height of rice plants treated with paclobutrazol decreased in accordance with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration. Chlorophyll content and tiller numbers increased by paclobutrazol treatment of 12.5 ppm. Nitrate reductase activity was higher in rice seedlings subjected to blue light compared to those subjected to sunlight. Iron (Fe) content of rice plants treated with 25 or 50 ppm paclobutrazol increased compared to control. It was concluded thatpaclobutrazol applicationof 12.5 ppmalready reduced plant height. The higher concentration of paclobutrazol applied the greater reduction on plant height was observed.Blue light treatment applied during black rice seed germination slightly reduced germination percentage and α-amylase activity in the germinated seeds. However, blue light treatment combined with paclobutrazol application during black rice seed germination increased chlorophyll content, tiller numbers and Fe content in black rice grain."

"Tiamin berfungsi sebagai koenzim untuk beberapa enzim yang terlibat dalam metabolisme karbohidrat. Mengingat pentingnya peran tiamin, maka dilakukan pengembangan teknik pengukuran tiamin yang analog dengan enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA), dimana antibodi diganti dengan protein pengikat spesifik yaitu protein ikat tiamin kacang hijau (PITKH). Teknik pengukuran ini dilakukan secara kompetitif, kompetitor akan dikompetisikan dengan tiamin bebas yang akan diukur. Kompetitor tersebut berupa konjugat antara tiamin-biotin. Tiamin murni diikatkan dengan biotin menggunakan senyawa perangkai yaitu glutaraldehid. Pada analisis LC-MS ditemukan 3 puncak, . Puncak ke 3 merupakan konjugat tiamin-biotin. Dibuat kurva standar dan diperoleh persamaan garis lurus dengan nilai R2= 0,9986. Uji validasi menggunakan konjugat tiamin-biotin menunjukan nilai coefficient of variation (CV) = 3,81%, nilai ini lebih kecil dari CV Horwitz = 8,12%, akurasi dengan nilai Recovery (R) =94 %-98%. Hasil ini menunjukan syarat pengukuran dengan teknik ELPLA sudah terpenuhi, dengan presisi dan akurasi yang baik. Aplikasi pengukuran kadar tiamin pada serum normal sebanyak 23 sampel didapatkan kadar tiamin berkisar 2,62-9,76 μg/ml. Dengan demikian, teknik ELPLA dengan konjugat tiamin-biotin sebagai kompetitor dapat digunakan pada pengukuran kadar tiamin dalam serum

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Thiamine has a coenzyme function in several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Considering the important role of thiamine, a thiamine measurement technique analogous to the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, that the antibody was replaced by a specific binding protein named mung bean thiamine binding protein (MBTBP). The measurement technique was carried out competitively in which competitors would be competed with free thiamine to be measured. The competitor is a thiamine-biotin bond. Pure thiamine was bound to biotin using a coupling compound called glutaraldehyde. In the LC-MS analysis we found 3 peaks. The third peak was the thiamine-biotin conjugate. A standard curve was made and the value of its straight line equation was obtained R2= 0,9986. The validation test using thiamine-biotin conjugate showed coefficient of variation (CV) value = 3,81% which was smaller than Horwitz CV = 8,12%, with the accuracy of the Recovery (R) value = 94% – 98%. These results indicated that the measurement requirements for the ELPLA technique had been met with good precision and accuracy. The application of the serum measurements to 23 samples showed thiamine levels ranging from 2,62- 9,76 μg/ml. Thus, the ELPLA technique with thiamine-biotin conjugate as a competitor could be used in the measurement of serum thiamine levels"

"ABSTRAKRadikal bebas dapat merusak komponen sel seperti lipid, protein, dan DNA. Kerusakan ini dapat terjadi di berbagai jaringan, termasuk di jantung. Antioksidan dapat menjaga jaringan dari proses oksidatif akibat radikal bebas. Berbagai antioksidan terdapat di dalam tubuh, yaitu antioksidan enzimatik seperti katalase, superoxide dismutase SOD , dan glutathione peroxidase GSH serta antioksidan nonenzimatik seperti vitamin E dan vitamin C. Bekatul diketahui mengandung tokoferol dan tokotrienol, yang merupakan jenis vitamin E. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh efek antioksidan bekatul dari beras varietas IPB3s terhadap aktivitas spesifik katalase dibandingkan dengan vitamin E pada jantung tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 sebagai penghasil radikal bebas. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain eksperimental dengan menggunakan sampel 30 ekor tikus jantan galur Rattus novergicus. Seluruh tikus dikelompokkan menjadi sepuluh kelompok tikus yang digunakan, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol dan sembilan kelompok perlakuan. Aktivitas spesifik katalase dari jantung tikus di setiap kelompok kemudian diukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik katalase pada kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak bekatul lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang diberi vitamin E meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa bekatul beras varietas IPB3s memiliki efek antioksidan.

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ABSTRACTFree radicals can damage cell components such as lipid, protein, and DNA. They can damage many tissues, including cardiac tissue. The oxidative damage caused by free radicals can be prevented by antioxidant. There are many antioxidants in our body, which are enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase SOD , and glutathione peroxidase GSH and non enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C. Rice bran contains tocopherol and tocotrienol, subgroups of vitamin E. This experiment aims to know the antioxidant effect in rice bran variety IPB3s on specific activity of catalase in comparison to vitamin E in CCl4 induced rat heart. Experimental design is used in this study using thirty Rattus novergicus rats as samples. Rats were placed in ten groups for this experiment, in which one group was control group and the rest were experimental groups. The specific activity of catalase in rat heart of each group is then measured. The result showed that the specific activity of catalase in groups treated with rice bran is higher than control and vitamin E treated groups, although the differences are not statistically significant. This indicates that rice bran variety IPB3s has antioxidant effect."

"Dedak Padi Oryza sativa L. adalah produk sampingan hasil penggilingan beras yang mengandung tokoferol, tokotrienol, ?-oryzanol, dan senyawa bioaktif lainnya. ?-Oryzanol merupakan salah satu komponen dari minyak dedak padi yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antineoplastik, hipolipidemia, dan berpotensi dikembangkan dalam bidang obat-obatan, kosmetik dan produk nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimisasi kondisi ?-oryzanol dengan IL- MAE (Ionic Liquid-Microwave Assisted Extraction) dan aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas dengan metode DPPH 1,1 difenil-2-pIkrilhidrazil . Dedak padi diekstraksi menggunakan MAE Microwave Assisted Extraction dengan pelarut cairan ionik [Bmim]BF4. Kondisi ektraksi dibuat dalam empat parameter yaitu konsentrasi pelarut, rasio pelarut banding sampel, waktu ekstraksi, dan daya MAE. Proses optimasi dilakukan dengan bantuan RSM Response Surface Methodology . Hasil yang didapat yaitu kondisi optimal untuk memperoleh kadar ?-oryzanol adalah pada run 3 dengan kondisi konsentrasi pelarut 0,7 M dengan rasio sampel banding pelarut 1 : 15 gr/mL , waktu ekstraksi 10 menit dan daya MAE 30 Dan untuk aktivitas penghambatan diperoleh kondisi optimal pada run 1 dengan konsentrasi pelarut 0,7 M, rasio sampel banding pelarut 1 : 15 gr/mL , waktu ekstraksi 15 menit dan daya MAE 10 . Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan kadar ?-oryzanol yang didapat pada kondisi optimum adalah 0,41 mg/g indeks desirability 0,876 . serta persen penghambatan yang didapat pada kondisi optimum adalah 31,14 indeks desirability 0,780 . Hasil menunjukkan IL-MAE sebagai metode ekstraksi yang cocok untuk mengekstraksi bahan alam.

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Rice Oryza sativa L. bran is a by product of rice milling process that contain tocopherol, tocotrienol, oryzanol and others bioactive compound. Oryzanol is one of the components of rice bran oil which have the function as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, hypolipidemia and potential to be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmoceutical and nutraceutical. This study aimed to optimization condition of Oryzanol using IL MAE Ionic Liquid Microwave Assisted Extraction and the Inhibition activity with DPPH 1,1 diphenyl 2 pycrilhidrazil . Rice bran was extracted by MAE Microwave Assisted Extraction using Ionic Liquid Bmim BF4 as the solvent. This extraction used four parameters to determine optimum condition, including concentration, solid ratio, times, and power. The result of the optimization was processed using Response Surface Methodology RSM in Design Expert 10.03. The optimum condition of oryzanol content was found in run 3. The conditions was the IL concentration 0.7 M, solid liquid ratio 1 15 gr mL , extraction time of 10 min, and extraction power of 30 beside that, the result of free radical scavenging activity showed that the optimum condition was found in run 1. The optimum condition was in the IL concentration 0.7 M, solid liquid ratio 1 15 gr mL , extraction time of 15 min, extraction power of 10 . Based on this research, it can be concluded that the levels of oryzanol in optimum condition was 0.41 mg g desirability index of 0.876 and the optimum inhibition percentage of free radical scavenging activity was 31.14 desirability index 0.780 . The result showed that IL MAE was suitable extraction s method of natural product."

"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian strain Nostoc terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan enam ulangan dan empat perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian strain Nostoc BAD5, GIA13a, TAB7d, dan kontrol. Pemberian strain Nostoc dilakukan ketika padi berumur 15, 30, 45, dan 60 hari setelah tanam (hst). Biomassa berat basah strain Nostoc yang diberikan pada 15 dan 30 hst masing-masing sebesar 0,4 g dan biomassa berat basah strain Nostoc yang diberikan pada 45 dan 60 hst masingmasing sebesar 0,6 g. Hasil uji ANOVA (!= 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian strain Nostoc dapat menurunkan jumlah buah kosong. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pemberian strain Nostoc dapat meningkatkan panjang akar dan jumlah buah isi (bernas), dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis (!= 0,05). Perlakuan GIA13a terbukti paling baik dalam menurunkan jumlah buah kosong, meningkatkan panjang akar dan jumlah buah isi, dengan uji LSD (!= 0,05).

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The experiment aim was to investigate the effect of Nostoc strains to vegetative and generative growth of Ciherang varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment used Randomized Completely Design with six replications dan four treatments. The treatments were applied by giving Nostoc strains BAD5, GIA13a, TAB7d, and control. Nostoc strains were inoculated at 15, 30, 45, 60 days after plantation (hst). Total of 0,4 g Nostoc biomass was inoculated at 15 and 30 hst, while 0,6 g Nostoc biomass was inoculated at 45 and 60 hst. The results of ANOVA test (!= 0,05) showed that inoculated of Nostoc strains had effect to decrease the number of filledout grains. The result of this experiment also had effect to increase the root length and number of filled grains, by Kruskal-Wallis test (!= 0,05). Strain of GIA13a proven the best treatment to decrease number of filled-out grains, increase root length and number of filled grains, by LSD test (!= 0,05)."

"Prevalensi penyakit degeneratif di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia, semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. Salah satu faktor yang sangat berhubungan dengan penyakit degeneratif adalah peningkatan radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Radikal bebas merupakan hasil metabolisme tubuh yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel, salah satu indikatornya adalah kadar malondialdehida MDA . Di samping itu, otak merupakan salah satu organ yang rentan terhadap kerusakan sel akibat radikal bebas, karena kadar antioksidan endogen di otak relatif rendah. Konsumsi makanan tinggi antioksidan sangat dianjurkan, salah satunya adalah bekatul Oryza sativa varietas IPB-3S. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bekatul terhadap kadar MDA otak tikus yang diinduksi CCl4. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel otak 24 ekor tikus jantan galur Sprague-dawley yang berusia 6 ndash; 8 minggu dengan BB 150 ndash; 300 gram yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan, antara lain kontrol normal K.1 , kontrol negatif yang diinduksi CCl4 K.2 , ekstrak bekatul 150 mg/kgBB P.1 , ekstrak bekatul 150 mg/kgBB CCl4 P.2 , ekstrak bekatul 300 mg/kgBB P.3 , dan ekstrak bekatul 300 mg/kgBB CCl 4 P.4 . Setelah perlakuan, kadar MDA jaringan otak sampel diukur dengan metode Wills dan dibandingkan antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak bekatul dapat menurunkan kadar MDA secara signifikan.

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The prevalence of degenerative diseases in the world, including in Indonesia, increases every year. One of the factors associated with degenerative diseases is the increase of free radicals. Free radicals are the result of the metabolism process that can cause cell damage, one of the indicators is malondialdehyde MDA level. In addition, the brain is one of the susceptible organs to cell damage caused by free radicals, because the levels of the endogenous antioxidants are relatively low. Consumption of high antioxidants foods is highly recommended, one of which is Oryza sativa variety IPB 3S rice bran. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of rice bran extract towards MDA levels in the brain induced by CCl4. This study used 24 brain samples from Sprague Dawley male rats aged 6 ndash 8 weeks with BW 150 ndash 300 grams, divided into 6 intervention groups, including normal control K.1 , negative control induced CCl4 K .2 , 150 mg kg rice bran extract P.1 , 150 mg kg rice bran extract CCl4 P.2 , 300 mg kg rice bran extract P.3 , and 300 mg kg rice bran extract CCl4 P.4 . After the intervention, the MDA levels of brain sample were measured by Wills method and compared each group. The results of this study showed that the administration of rice bran extract significantly lowered MDA levels."