Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi seluler telah sampai pada generasi kelima (5G) yang akan segera diluncurkan pada 2020. Di Indonesia, 5G diprediksi baru akan secara resmi beroperasi pada 2025. Dalam rangka mempersiapkan kehadiran 5G di Indonesia, pemerintah (Kemkominfo) sudah memiliki spectrum outlook untuk 5G, yaitu pada frekuensi 3.5 GHz (3.3 – 4.2 GHz), 15 GHz (14.5 – 15.35 Ghz), 26 GHZ (24.25 – 27.5 GHz), dan 28 GHz (26.5 – 29.5 GHz). Namun, frekuensi tersebut sudah diisi atau memiliki spektrum eksisting, sehingga salah satu cara untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dibutuhkan co-channel frekuensi antara 5G dengan frekuensi eksisting. Salah satu band yang sudah terdapat spektrum eksisting adalah 27.5 – 28.5 GHz, yaitu untuk layanan Fixed Satellite Service (FSS). Salah satu teknologi yang akan dikembangkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk layanan FSS adalah High Throughput Satellite (HTS). HTS merupakan satelit yang memiliki tingkat throughput lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan layanan satelit konvensional dan HTS dapat bekerja pada pita C-Band, Ku-Band, dan Ka-Band. Dengan semakin dikembangkannya 5G dan HTS oleh pemerintah, maka dibutuhkan mitigasi agar tidak menimbulkan interferensi jika terjadi co-channel frekuensi. Telah disimulasikan co-channel frekuensi di 28 GHz antara HTS dan 5G dengan perangkat lunak SPECTRAemc untuk tiga wilayah. Selanjutnya diusulkan mitigasi interferensi yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk kedua layanan tersebut agar dapat beroperasi.

---

The development of cellular communication technology has come to the fifth-generation (5G). In Indonesia, 5G is predicted to be officially operational by 2025. In order to prepare for the presence of 5G in Indonesia, the government (Ministry of Communication and Information) already has a spectrum outlook for 5G , i.e. at frequencies 3.5 GHz (3.3 - 4.2 GHz), 15 GHz (14.5 - 15.35 GHz), 26 GHZ (24.25 - 27.5 GHz), and 28 GHz (26.5 - 29.5 GHz). Moreover, those frequencies have already been filled in or have an existing spectrum, respectively. Thus, one way to overcome is by a co-channel frequency between 5G and the existing frequency. One band that has an existing spectrum of existences is 27.5 - 28.5 GHz, which is for Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) services. One of the technologies that will be developed by the Indonesian government is High Throughput Satellite (HTS). HTS is a satellite that has a higher throughput level compared to conventional satellite services, and HTS can work on C-Band, Ku-Band, and Ka-Band bands. With the development of 5G and HTS by the government, mitigation is needed so that it does not cause interference if frequency co-channel occurs. The simulation has been done for co-channel 28 GHz between HTS and 5G by SPECTRAemc. Hence, the mitigation is proposed in order to be used for both services."

"ABSTRAKBerdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 38P/HUM/2012 tanggal 3 April 2012 yang disampaikan pada tanggal 26 September 2013, memerintahkan pencabutan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 22/PER/M.KOMINFO/11/2011 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penyiaran Televisi Digital Terestrial Penerimaan Tetap Tidak Berbayar (Free to Air) setelah munculnya gugatan dari Asosiasi TV Lokal Indonesia. Lalu pemerintah kembali mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia nomor 32 tahun 2013 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penyiaran TV Secara Digital Dan Penyiaran Multipleksing Melalui Sistem Terestrial. Dalam peraturan ini jadwal Analog Switched Off (ASO) tidak disebutkan lagi dan juga peraturan ini hanya menetapkan implementasi TV Digital Free to Air di Indonesia menggunakan sistem terrestrial.Penelitian ini melakukan analisis antara implementasi TV Digital dengan sistem terrestrial dengan sistem multiplatform yaitu kombinasi antara terrestrial dan satelit dengan menggunakan metodelogi Net Benefit Analysis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terbukti implementasi TV Digital dengan sistem terrestrial tidak layak diimplementasikan untuk seluruh wilayah Indonesia, namun hanya bisa diimplementasikan di wilayah yang sebagian besar sudah tercover oleh infrastruktur eksisting. Sedangkan wilayah yang sebagian besar belum tercover oleh infrastruktur eksisting, lebih layak digunakan sistem multiplatform atau kombinasi antara terrestrial dan satelit.

---

ABSTRACT

Based on the Kep. Mahkamah Agung Number 38 p/HUM/2012 at 3 April 2012 wich was delivered on 26 September 2013, ordered the removal of the Permen Number 22 / PER / M.KOMINFO / 11/2011 on the Implementation of Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting Reception Stay There Paid (Free to Air) after the emergence of a lawsuit from the Association of Indonesian Local TV. Then the government again issued a Permen number 32 / PER / M.KOMINFO / 2013 on the Implementation of Digital TV Broadcasting In multiplexing Through And Broadcasting Terrestrial Sistem. In this regulation schedule Analog Switched Off (ASO) is not mentioned again and also the regulation merely sets the implementation of the Free to Air Digital TV in Indonesia using terrestrial sistem.

This research analyzes between implementation of Digital TV with terrestrial sistems and implementation of Digital TV with multi-platform sistem that is a combination of terrestrial and satellite by using Net Benefit Analysis methodology. Based on conclusion of the research, proven implementation of Digital TV with terrestrial sistem is not feasible to implement for the entire territory of Indonesia, but can only be implemented in the area that most are already covered by existing infrastructure. While most of the region that have not been covered by the existing infrastructure, is more appropriate to use multiplatform sistem or a combination of terrestrial and satellite."

"Keberadaan kawasan tepi pada suatu habitat hutan dapat menimbulkan efek tepi yang memengaruhi respons berbagai organisme berupa pergeseran habitat atau pola persebaran, salah satunya ialah herba terestrial. Berbagai penelitian terdahulu mengenai efek tepi terhadap herba terestrial memberikan hasil yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek tepi terhadap komunitas herba terestrial di hutan kota Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan. Pengukuran parameter efek tepi dilakukan dengan mengetahui komposisi spesies pada tiap plot penelitian, perhitungan Indeks Nilai Kepentingan (INK), indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan Shannon-Wiener, dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan. Komposisi spesies menunjukkan kecenderungan respons positif terhadap efek tepi. Berdasarkan perhitungan INK diketahui spesies dominan Axonopus compressus pada kawasan tepi, Centotheca lappacea pada kawasan tengah, dan Amorphophallus variabilis pada kawasan inti. Hasil uji t pada indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasangan plot tepi-inti dan tengah-inti, sementara itu tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasangan plot tepi-tengah. Tidak terdapat pola respons tertentu terhadap efek tepi berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengukuran parameter suhu udara, kelembapan udara dan intensitas cahaya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada pengukuran parameter pH tanah. Uji korelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif antara parameter suhu udara dan intensitas cahaya matahari terhadap penambahan jumlah spesies. Sementara itu tidak ada korelasi antara kelembapan udara dan pH tanah terhadap jumlah spesies. Terdapat dua belas spesies yang memiliki potensi sebagai spesialis kawasan tepi, namun tidak ditemukan spesies yang memiliki potensi sebagai spesialis kawasan inti.

---

The existence of edges in a forest habitat can cause edge effects that affect the response of various organisms in the form of habitat or distribution pattern shifts, one of which is terrestrial herbs. Previous studies on the effects of edges on terrestrial herbs have had different results. The study aimed to determine the effect of edge effects on terrestrial herb communities in urban forests of Universitas Indonesia was conducted. Measurement of the edge effect parameters was done by investigating the composition of species in each research plot, calculating the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener`s index of diversity and evenness, and measuring environmental parameters. The species composition showed a tendency towards a positive response to edge effects. Based on the calculation of IVI it was known that the dominant species at each area namely Axonopus compressus at the edge, Centotheca lappacea at the middle, and Amorphophallus variabilis at the core. The results of t test on the Shannon-Wieners diversity index show that there were significant differences between edge-core and middle-core pair plots, while there were no significant differences between edge-middle pair plot. There were no specific response patterns for edge effects based on the Shannon-Wieners index. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that there were significant differences in the measured air temperature, humidity, and intensity of sunlight parameters. There werent any differences in the measured soil pH parameter. Correlation test shows there were positive correlations between the parameters of air temperature and the intensity of sunlight on the addition of species number. Meanwhile there were no correlation between air humidity and soil pH on the addition of species number. There were twelve potential species categorized as edge area specialists, while there werent any species that have potential as core area specialists."

"ABSTRAKIn vivo apoptosis of fibroblast pulp cells by ionizing radiation from radiotherapy of the head and neck area has not yet been demonstrated. The study aimed to show in vivo the effect of a single dose of ionizing radiation on apoptosis of fibroblast pulp cells. The sample group consisted of 24 healthy male Wistar rats that were 3-4 months old and 150- 200 g in weight. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats that were subjected to Cobalt 60 radiation to the head at the levels of 0, 100, 200 or 400 rad. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after radiation exposure, and the lower incivus were taken for histopatological processing. Apoptosis was detected by using the TUNEL Assay method. The apoptotic fibroblast pulp cells were counted under light microscope by multiple observers using the blind test approach. The fraction of apoptotic cells was counted as mean of labial and palatal sides of the teeth below odontogenic and free-cell zone. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way anova. The results showed the percentage of apoptotic of fibroblast pulp cells was 6.4, 23.7, 34.5 and 17.8% after 0, 100, 200 and 400 rad doses, respectively. There were significant differences in the apoptotic percentages between the four groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the highest fraction of apoptotic fibroblast pulp cells was found after a single 200 rad dose, and this fraction decreased after a single dose of 400 rad."

"ABSTRAKSweet sorghum is a kind of sorghum that contains high content of sugar in its stem. Sweet sorghum has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia owing to its wide adaptation and the fact that it can be used as raw material for liquid sugar, syrup, ethanol, and also as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has not been developed in Indonesia because of lack of a sweet sorghum variety. Improvement of available sweet sorghum genotype can be done among others through plant breeding program. First step on the plant breeding program is to increase the plant genetic variability. This might be done by introduction of varieties or by breeding to create new varieties. Induced mutation using Gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sweet sorghum. Mutation breeding using Gamma irradiation in sweet sorghum was aimed at improving the yield and quality of sweet sorghum. This research was conducted to study the effect of Gamma irradiation on sweet sorghum growth in the M1 generation, and to estimate the optimal dose range suitably for the breeding program. Beside, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability for the purpose of plant selection in the M2 generation. Plant materials consisted of 2 sweet sorghum lines introduced from ICRISAT namely line No. 79 and No. 83. Non-saccharin sorghum of local variety Higari was used as a control. The doses of Gamma irradiation treatment were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 Gy. The M1 plants were sown in greenhouse at PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, and then were transplanted in the experimental field at Balitbiogen, Bogor. The M2 plants were grown in the experimental field at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta. Important agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike were observed. The results indicated that sorghum lines gave different response to Gamma irradiation, and all measured variables were significantly affected. Irradiation gave morphology and physiology damages on sorghum like abnormality, sterility, and lethality in the M1 generation. The increase of irradiation doses increased physiological damage. Effective doses of Gamma irradiation for sweet sorghum was to be around 400?500 Gy, and the lethal doses 50% of sweet sorghum was around 800?1000 Gy. Putative mutation sometimes could be observed in the M2 generation. The treatment of Gamma increased genetic variability of plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike. The highest genetic variability was found in the dose treatment of 200?300 Gy. Within this interval dose, there might be high probability to find desirable mutants for further breeding purpose. A number of 38 plants had been selected from the M2 population as putative mutants.

---

"

"Sejalan dengan diberlakukannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 63 tahun 2000 perihal Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Terhadap Pemanfaat Radiasi Pengion serta untuk memenuhi persyaratan lulus Contractor Safety Management System, maka sistem manajemen keselamatan radiasi menjadi penting bagi perusahaan yang memanfaatkan radiasi pengion.Tuntutan implementasi sistem keselamatan menjadi tinggi karena resiko dampak radiasi selain ada yang mempunyai efek langsung ada juga yang mempunyai efek tunda hingga 15 - 25 tahun. Oleh karenanya sistem pantauan pajanan radiasi dan dokumentasinya menjadi sangat penting dan peraturan mensyaratkan dokumentasi wajib disimpang hingga 30 tahun setelah pekerja radiasi berhenti bekerja.Masalah yang terjadi adalah adanya gap yang melebihi toleransi antara hasil bacaan pajanan radiasi alat pantau radiasi individu pendosimeter yang dibaca oleh pekerja radiasi dengan alat pantau radiasi individu filmbadge yang besar pajanannya dievaluasi oleh BATAN sebagai badan yang terakreditasi.Oleh karenanya dilakukan studi evaluasi untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor human error yaitu rule-based, knowledge-based dan skill-based serta audit sistem manajemen keselamatan radiasi sebagai penyebab terjadinya gap bacaan pajanan radiasi analisa dilakukan di PT RUI terhadap 40 orang pekerja radiasi yang bekerja dengan radiasi selama atau diantara bulan Desember 2002 hingga Pebruari 2003.Hasil analisa diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kajian dalam program peningkatan keselamatan kerja pada umumnya dan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan radiasi khususnva.Daftar Bacaan : 37 (1976 - 2003)

---

In line with Government Regulation Number 63 year 2000 Concerning Safety and Health on User of Ion Radiation and to meet the requirement of Contractor Safety Management System. Radiation Management system become an essential thing to company who take an advantage from the radiation.

The requirement of implementing safety management increase due to radiation impact beside direct effect it has also delay effect may take 15 to 25 years. That is why the regulation require have to keep the personal radiation exposure data until 30 years after the employee resign.

Problem arise while the gap is happen between gamma dosimeter evaluated by the employee and filmbadge evaluated by BATAN as authorized body, the reading gap of radiation exposure is more than tolerable value

The aim of applied research is to know the correlation of human error factors thru item rule-based, knowledge-based and skill-based, included the implementation of radiation management system audit as cause factors human error to arise radiation reading gap.

The analysis is conducted at PT RUI for 40 employees who work with radiation during or within December 2002 until February 2003.

The result expected to be used as information to set up or to update safety program for continual improvement. especially on occupation radiation sector.

Bibliography: 37 (1976-2003)"

"Radiografer secara umum mempunyai tugas dan tanggung jawab untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pasien secara radiografi meliputi pemeriksaan untuk radiodiagnostik termasuk kedokteran nuklir dan ultrasonografi (USG) dan melakukan tindakan proteksi radiasi dalam mengoperasikan peralatan radiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprakirakan risiko pajanan radiasi sinar-X pada pekerja radiasi di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dalam perhitungan prakiraan risiko pajanan radiasi sinar-X, dosis pajanan radiasi sianr-X radiografer diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran film badge. Data pola aktifitas (lama kerja, frekuensi pajanan dan masa kerja) diperoleh berdasarkan hasil wawancara pada 35 radiografer di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan, nilai rata-rata Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) lifetime (4,8E-2) dan realtime (1,9E-2). Karena secara teoretis karsinogenisitas tidak mempunyai nilai ambang atau non threshold, maka prakiraan risiko dinyatakan unacceptable (dosis tidak dapat diterima) bila ECR < E4. Kisaran angka E-4 diperoleh dari nilai default karsinogenistas yang digunakan oleh US-EPA (1990). Berdasarkan perhitungan ECR lifetime dan ECR realtime diperoleh gambaran prakiraan risiko efek karsinogenik yang terjadi pada radiografer di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN CM, dinyatakan aceptable pada risiko kanker baik pada ECR lifetime maupun realtime.

---

Radiographer in general have a duty and responsibility to audit includes examined patients for radiodiagnostic including nuclear medicine and ultrasonography (USG), and radiation protection in radiology and operating equipment. This study aims to estimated the risk of X-ray radiation exposure to radiographer in the Department of Radiology RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo using Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). In calculating the estimated risk forecasts ARKL, risk of X-ray radiation exposure dose radiographer obtained from measurements of the film badge. Data patterns of activity (duration of work, frequency of exposure and years of work) obtained based on the results of a survey of 35 radiographers in the Department of Radiology RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Based on the calculations performed, the average value of Excess Cancer lifetime Risk (ELCR) is 4,8E-2 and the value of Excess Real-time Cancer Risk (ERRC) the average is 1,9E-2. Because theoretically carcinogenicity has non-threshold value, then the forecast is declared unacceptable when ECR < E-4. Range of numbers obtained from the E-4, carcinogenicity default values used by the US-EPA (1990). Based on the calculation of the ELCR and ERCR forecasts illustrate the risk of carcinogenic effects that occur in the radiographers in the Department of Radiology RSUPN CM, acceptable on cancer risk both in the ELCR and ERRC."

"Spektrum frekuensi radio merupakan sumber daya alam yang jumlahnya terbatas. Diperlukan penataan alokasi spektrum secara baik dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaannya, salah satunya adalah frekuensi sharing. Kepdirjen no.119/DIRJEN/2000 Indonesia mengijinkan adanya penggunaan bersama frekuensi 3.5 GHz antara dinas tetap satelit (Fixed Satellite Service) dan layanan akses pita lebar berbasis nirkabel (Broadband Wireless Access). Kurangnya pertimbangan teknis dan ketidaksiapan badan regulasi menyebabkan timbulnya permasalahan interferensi sehingga terjadi kerusakan data dan putusnya layanan FSS. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan revisi terhadap kepdirjen sebelumnya dengan Rancangan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi Dan Informatika Nomor: /PER/M.KOMINFO/.../2007 yang isi diantaranya, pada pasal 16 ayat 3 menyebutkan bahwa penyelenggara BWA eksisting pada pita frekuensi radio 3.5 GHz wajib migrasi ke pita frekuensi radio 3.3 GHz selambat-lambatnya 2 tahun sejak ditetapkan. Disimulasikan frekuensi sharing 3.5 GHz antara FSS dan BWA dengan software SPECTRAemc untuk daerah Jakarta. Selanjutnya diusulkan teknik mitigasi interferensi yang dapat digunakan agar kedua layanan tersebut tetap beroperasi dengan baik hingga batas dilakukannya migrasi yaitu 2 tahun mendatang.

---

Radio frequency spectrum is a limited natural resources which needed good management to optimalize its use, one of the way is sharing frequency. No.119/Dirjen/2000 Indonesian kepdirjen permit the co-existence of frequency usage in 3.5 GHz between Fixed Satellite Service and Broadband Wireless Access.

Lack of technical consideration and awareness of national regulator causes interference problems that disrupt FSS services. Therefore, revision has been done to the previous kepdirjen with Number: /PER/M.KOMINFO/.../2007 which one of the content is, section 16 article 3, mention that eksisting BWA organizer at frequency band 3.5 GHz must be migrated to the frequency band 3.3 GHz at the latest 2 year since specified.

Simulated sharing frequency at 3.5 GHz between BWA and FSS with SPECTRAemc software for Jakarta area. Hereinafter proposed the interference mitigation technique that able to be used to ensure both of the services remain to operate well until the next 2 years."

"Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki potensi yang signifikan untuk pengembangan energi surya melalui pemanfaatan radiasi matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi radiasi matahari di Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan metode ANN untuk menemukan model konfigurasi optimal dan menganalisis distribusi spasialnya. Pengukuran radiasi matahari dilakukan di lima lokasi berbeda, dengan dua lokasi terbaik dipilih untuk pemrosesan data. Dataset yang digunakan adalah data tahun 2022, yang dibagi menjadi 70% untuk pelatihan dan 30% untuk pengujian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi optimal 6-30-1 di lokasi Puslitbang PLN mencapai nilai RMSE sebesar 135,8 W/m², rRMSE sebesar 54,8%, MBE sebesar 15,9 W/m², dan rMBE sebesar 0,064%. Sementara itu, untuk lokasi Sumedang, konfigurasi optimal adalah 5-40-1, yang menghasilkan nilai RMSE sebesar 156,7 W/m², rRMSE sebesar 49,29%, MBE sebesar 7,75 W/m², dan rMBE sebesar 0,024%. Secara keseluruhan, model ini masih memiliki kesalahan estimasi sebesar 48-50%.Untuk meningkatkan akurasi, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan model ANN dengan WRF, yang mampu meningkatkan akurasi di Sumedang sebesar 2%. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa daerah dengan ketinggian rendah memiliki intensitas radiasi matahari yang tinggi, sedangkan daerah dengan ketinggian lebih tinggi menerima radiasi matahari yang lebih rendah

---

West Java Province has significant potential for solar energy development through the utilization of solar radiation. This study aims to estimate solar radiation in West Java Province using ANN methods to find the optimal configuration model and analyze its spatial distribution. Solar radiation measurements were conducted at five different locations, with the two best locations selected for data processing. The dataset used is from the year 2022, which was divided into 70% training and 30% testing. The results showed that the optimal configuration of 6-30-1 at the Puslitbang PLN location achieved an RMSE value of 135.8 W/m², an rRMSE of 54.8%, an MBE of 15.9 W/m², and an rMBE of 0.064%. Meanwhile, for the Sumedang location, the optimal configuration was 5-40-1, which produced an RMSE value of 156.7 W/m², an rRMSE of 49.29%, an MBE of 7.75 W/m², and an rMBE of 0.024%. Overall, this model still has an estimation error of 48-50%. To improve accuracy, this study integrated the ANN model with WRF, which was able to increase accuracy in Sumedang by 2%. Analysis shows that low-altitude areas have high solar radiation intensity, while higher-altitude areas receive lower solar radiation."